絮凝剂产生菌培养条件的研究及在废水处理中的应用

通过菌种富集、分离、纯化,从含有大量微生物菌群的土壤和活性污泥中筛选到一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的絮凝剂产生菌,将其命名为B23.通过研究该菌株在不同培养时间的生长情况和发酵液的絮凝活性,从而得出发酵液絮凝活性与菌体生长量呈正相关.通过对该菌株培养条件的研究表明,在培养时间为24h、培养温度为30℃、培养基初始pH值为8.0,以葡萄糖为碳源、(NH4)2SO4为氮源时,发酵液絮凝活性最强.用B23菌株所产絮凝剂处理废水后,废水中CODCr的去除率为62.48%,SS的去除率为84.47%,表明该菌株有良好的实际应用前景.     

高砷含水层参与腐殖酸-铁矿物转化的关键微生物群落及其对砷迁移转化的影响

【目的】探究不同腐殖酸浓度下参与含砷水铁矿转化的微生物类群组成和丰度变化及对砷释放的影响,预测原位高砷含水层中功能微生物群参与有机质—含砷铁矿物转化过程对砷转化释放的作用。【方法】对河套平原高砷地下水和同深度高砷沉积物中的铁还原功能群落进行富集培养,构建室内厌氧微宇宙体系,将富集菌群分别加入到实验室条件下合成的不同浓度腐殖酸(0、1.5、7、14 mg C/L)-含砷水铁矿体系中,通过体系中砷、铁形态及浓度的变化分析,结合高通量测序技术、X-射线衍射(X-ray diffractometer, XRD),探究不同条件下砷的释放固定和群落的演替。【结果】高砷地下水组(G组)和沉积物组(S组)富集得到的铁还原功能群落具有明显差异,G组中以Aeromonadaceae为特殊优势菌群,而S组中以Shewanellaceae为特殊优势菌群。微宇宙实验结果显示,S组的铁还原量相对较高且速率较快;G组与S组中液相砷形态存在明显差异,整个培养期内G组均以As(Ⅴ)为主,而S组中前期以As(Ⅴ)为主,当反应到达20 d时液相As(Ⅲ)高达3.4μmol/L,推测此时具有砷还原功能的群落占优势地位。当反应...     

淹水条件对土壤砷形态转化的影响

通过淹水条件下的培养试验, 探讨了外源二甲基砷酸（DMA）、一甲基砷酸（MMA）、砷酸盐［As(V)］在土壤中的动态转化规律. 结果表明: 随着培养时间的推移, 加入土壤中的DMA和MMA均主要转化为As(V), 且土壤中As(V)含量均呈增加趋势, 培养到150 d时土壤中As(V)含量均显著高于1 d时的含量(P<0.01). 外源DMA通过脱甲基化作用, 在30 d内即基本转化为As(V), 且有少量的亚砷酸盐［As(Ⅲ)］生成; 而外源MMA的转化速度相对较慢, 培养60 d后才基本完成向As(V)的转化, 同时伴随少量DMA和As(Ⅲ)的生成; 在淹水条件下外源As(V)含量随培养时间的增加而逐渐降低,该过程中除有少量As(Ⅲ)生成外,其形态基本未发生改变.     

微生物过氧化氢酶的发酵生产及其在纺织工业的应用

微生物过氧化氢酶是一种重要的工业酶制剂,可以催化分解过氧化氢生成水和氧气。这一酶制剂在食品、纺织、医药等领域表现出广泛的应用潜力。生物工程和基因工程技术的进步推动了微生物过氧化氢酶的发酵生产。以下综述了微生物过氧化氢酶发酵生产的进展及其在纺织工业中的应用,同时讨论了微生物过氧化氢酶的发酵生产和纺织工业应用的未来趋势。     

微生物铁载体转运调控机制及其在环境污染修复中的应用

铁载体是微生物在胞内低铁浓度下分泌的螯合铁的物质,可分为儿茶酚盐类、氧肟酸盐类、羧酸盐类三大类。铁载体的转运分别受Fur、σ因子、群体感应信号这3种机制调控。近年来铁载体在石油污染修复、重金属污染修复和纸浆生物漂白等领域得到了应用,受到广泛关注。文中综述了铁载体的分类及其转运调控机制,以及铁载体在环境污染治理与修复中的应用,并展望了铁载体今后的应用前景。     

Metagenomic insights into microbial metabolism affecting arsenic dispersion in Mediterranean marine sediments

Microorganisms dwelling in sediments have a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and are expected to have a strong influence on the cycle of arsenic, a metalloid responsible for severe water pollution and presenting major health risks for human populations. We present here a metagenomic study of the sediment from two harbours on the Mediterranean French coast, l'Estaque and St Mandrier. The first site is highly polluted with arsenic and heavy metals, while the arsenic concentration in the second site is below toxicity levels. The goal of this study was to elucidate the potential impact of the microbial community on the chemical parameters observed in complementary geochemical studies performed on the same sites. The metagenomic sequences, along with those from four publicly available metagenomes used as control data sets, were analysed with the RAMMCAP workflow. The resulting functional profiles were compared to determine the over‐represented Gene Ontology categories in the metagenomes of interest. Categories related to arsenic resistance and dissimilatory sulphate reduction were over‐represented in l'Estaque. More importantly, despite very similar profiles, the identification of specific sequence markers for sulphate‐reducing bacteria and sulphur‐oxidizing bacteria showed that sulphate reduction was significantly more associated with l'Estaque than with St Mandrier. We propose that biotic sulphate reduction, arsenate reduction and fermentation may together explain the higher mobility of arsenic observed in l'Estaque in previous physico‐chemical studies of this site. This study also demonstrates that it is possible to draw sound conclusions from comparing complex and similar unassembled metagenomes at the functional level, even with very low sequence coverage.     

聚苹果酸的微生物合成及应用研究进展

聚苹果酸是一种优良的完全可生物降解的生物活性材料,在医学和药学领域有着极大的应用潜力。文中结合我们的工作总结了近年来聚苹果酸代谢、聚苹果酸的微生物发酵合成以及聚苹果酸在医药领域的应用等方面的研究进展,并对聚苹果酸的深入研究作了展望。     

甾体微生物转化在制药工业中的应用

对几种重要的甾体微生物转化反应如甾体边链降解、甾体羟基化反应的机理及其发展与应用作了概述;同时也介绍了固定化微生物细胞、非水溶液中酶催化反应及混合发酵等微生物转化技术在制药工业中的应用。     

稳定性同位素探测技术在微生物生态学研究中的应用

稳定性同位素标记技术同分子生物学技术相结合而发展起来的稳定性同位素探测技术（stableisotope probing,SIP）,在对各种环境中微生物群落组成进行遗传分类学鉴定的同时,可确定其在环境过程中的功能,提供复杂群落中微生物相互作用及其代谢功能的大量信息,具有广阔的应用前景.其基本原理是：将原位或微宇宙（microcosm）的环境样品暴露于稳定性同位素富集的基质中,这些样品中存在的某些微生物能够以基质中的稳定（性同位素为碳源或氮源进行物质代谢并满足其自身生长需要,基质中的稳定性同位素被吸收同化进入微生物体内,参与各类物质如核酸（DNA和RNA）及磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）等的生物合成,通过提取、分离、纯化、分析这些微生物体内稳定性同位素标记的生物标志物,从而将微生物的组成与其功能联系起来.在介绍稳定性同位素培养基质的选择及标记方法、合适的生物标志物的选择及提取分离方法的基础上,举例阐述了此项技术在甲基营养菌、有机污染物降解菌、根际微生物生态、互营微生物、宏基因组学等方面的应用.     

EXAFS study on arsenic species and transformation in arsenic hyperaccumulator

Synchrotron radiation extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SR EXAFS) was employed to study the transformation of coordination environment and the redox speciation of arsenic in a newly discovered arsenic hyperaccumulator, Cretan brake (Pteris cretica L. var nervosa Thunb). It showed that the arsenic in the plant mainly coordinated with oxygen, except that some arsenic coordinated with S as As-GSH in root. The complexation of arsenic with GSH might not be the predominant detoxification mechanism in Cretan brake. Although some arsenic in root presented as As(V) in Na₂HAsO₄ treatments, most of arsenic in plant presented as As(III)-O in both treatments, indicating that As(V) tended to be reduced to As(III) after it was taken up into the root, and arsenic was kept as As(III) when it was transported to the above-ground tissues. The reduction of As(V) primarily proceeded in the root.