五种大戟属植物nrDNA的ITS序列分析及其叶的比较解剖学研究

运用PCR直接测序法和石蜡切片法,测定5种安徽产大戟属植物的nrDNA的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列包括5.8SrDNA及其叶片的解剖。结果表明(1)5种大戟属植物的ITS的长度范围为641~662bp,运用Maga软件构件ITS树把5种植物归为两大支大戟、月腺大戟与乳浆大戟聚为一支;地锦和斑地锦聚为另一支。结果表明地锦和斑地锦亲缘关系较近,而大戟、月腺大戟和乳浆大戟亲缘关系较近。(2)5种大戟属植物的叶片结构中,除地锦和斑地锦外,其余3种有明显的栅栏组织和海绵组织之分,但二者在叶肉中的厚度比在种间有一定的差别;而地锦和斑地锦叶的栅栏组织与海绵组织分化不明显,且皆有乳汁管,其他3种植物叶片内未见此结构,叶片结构分析表明大戟、月腺大戟和乳浆大戟叶片结构相近,而地锦草和斑地锦叶片结构也相近。(3)分析表明nrDNA的ITS序列及叶的比较解剖特征具有明显的相关性。以上研究结果为大戟属植物的分类和药用开发提供了实验证据。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒分子生物学特征

猪流行性腹泻 (ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｄｉａｒｒｈｅａ ,ＰＥＤ)是以水泻、呕吐和脱水为特征的一种急性病毒性腹泻。猪流行性腹泻现已成为世界范围内的猪病之一。猪流行性腹泻病毒 (Ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｄｉａｒｒｈｅａｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＰＥＤＶ)是ＰＥＤ的致病因子 ,是导致类似猪传染性胃肠炎 (ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｂｌｅｇａｓｔｒｏｅｎｔｅｒｉｔｉｓ ,ＴＧＥ)临床症状的真正病原。迄今为止已发现ＰＥＤＶ与ＴＧＥＶ[1] 、ＰＥＤＶ与ＰＣＶ混合感染猪[2 ] 。已有用蛋黄ＩｇＹ预防ＰＥＤ效果的报道[3] …     

MCP-1结构与功能的分子基础

ＭＣＰ 1 (ｍｏｎｏｃｙｔｅｃｈｅｍｏａｔｔｒａｃｔａｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ 1 )是第一个被克隆鉴定的ＣＣ家族趋化因子 ,最早的研究起源于Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎ等[1] 报道的小鼠基因ＪＥ ,该基因从经血小板衍生因子 (ＰＤＧＦ)刺激的成纤维细胞中克隆 ,编码的蛋白质具有趋化白细胞功能。 1 989年 ,Ｙｏｓｈｉｍｕｒａ等[2 ]从神经胶质瘤系Ｕ 1 0 5ＭＧ筛到一ｃＤＮＡ克隆 ,其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与鼠ＪＥ同源 ,命名为ＭＣＰ 1。同年Ｆｕｒｕｔａｎｉ[3] 和Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ[4] 亦报道相同的趋化因子 ,分别命名为ＭＣＡＦ(ｈｕ ｍａｎｍｏｎｏｃｙ…     

地锦类中草药的化学成分和药理研究概况

地锦类中草药的化学成分和药理研究概况褚小兰范崔生（江西中医学院,南昌３３０００６）我国的大戟科大戟属（Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａ）地锦类植物主要有８个种和１个变种［１］在民间都作地锦草药用。中国药典９５年版只收载其中的地锦草（Ｅ．ｈｕｍｉｆｕｓａｗｏｌｄ）和...     

斑地锦RT-qPCR内参基因的筛选

实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)的前提条件之一是具有合适的内参基因。为筛选斑地锦(Euphorbia maculata)合适的RT-qPCR内参基因,该文利用同源克隆法克隆斑地锦GAPDH、EF-1α、act、UBQ、TUB-α、eIF-4A、CYP等基因片段,RT-qPCR检测7个候选内参基因在斑地锦不同生长期根、茎、叶和果实中的表达情况,并用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper等生物学软件对各候选基因表达稳定性进行评价。结果表明:(1)克隆的GAPDH、EF-1α、act、UBQ、TUB-α、eIF-4A、CYP基因片段为729、808、753、422、233、656、313 bp,分别编码242、269、250、140、77、218、103个氨基酸,与其他植物相应氨基酸序列的最高同源性均在85%以上。(2)综合3个分析软件分析内参基因表达稳定性得出,表达稳定性排名为UBQ>EF-1α>TUB-α>eIF-4A>GAPDH>CYP>act。因此,可以选取UBQ作为斑地锦RT-qPCR分析的内参基因,用于不同生长期基因组织特异性表达研究。     

人Era不同结构域在酵母双杂交系统中的表达及对报告基因激活作用的检测

ｅｒａ基因是 1986年在测定大肠杆菌基因组序列时发现的一个开放读框 .由于其编码的氨基酸序列与人及酵母的ＲＡＳ蛋白有部分相似之处 ,命名为Ｅ .ｃｏｌｉＲＡＳ ｌｉｋｅ(ｅｒａ)基因[1] .ｅｒａ基因广泛存在于原核生物中 ,与细胞周期和细胞分裂有关 ,是细菌生存繁殖所必需的重要基因[2 ] .在真核生物如蠕虫、小鼠和人的组织中都发现有与细菌ｅｒａ高度同源基因存在[3 ,4 ] .人ｅｒａ基因 (ｈｅｒａ)的全长ｃＤＮＡ于 1998年被克隆 ,与原核ｅｒａ基因具有很高的同源性[5] .人Ｅｒａ蛋白与大肠杆菌Ｅｒａ蛋白的氨基酸序列有 30 %相同 ,两者…     

不同类型矮杨梅叶片中槲皮素含量比较

矮杨梅 (ＭｙｒｉｃａｎａｎａＣｈｅｖａｌ.)为杨梅科 (Ｍｙｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ)杨梅属 (ＭｙｒｉｃａＬ .)植物 ,自然分布于我国云南、贵州、西藏和四川的部分地区 ,为我国特有植物 ,具有药用价值和果品开发前景。近年来的研究表明 ,矮杨梅叶中含有黄酮类化合物槲皮素 (ｑｕｅｒｃｅｔｉｎ) ,有祛痰、止咳作用 ,还能对抗自由基 ,在抗癌、防癌、抗菌、消炎及心血管疾病的预防和治疗方面均具有较强的药理活性[1～ 4 ] 。虽然野生矮杨梅分布区范围窄 ,但其种内分化明显。刘宁等[5,6] 的研究表明 ,在矮杨梅根、茎、叶和果实等诸多器官的形态特征…     

极端嗜盐古菌蛋白类抗生素——嗜盐菌素

古菌 (Ａｒｃｈａｅａ)是一类与细菌及真核生物显著不同的生命的第三种形式[1] ,大多生活在极端或特殊环境 ,主要包括产甲烷古菌 (ＭｅｔｈａｎｏｇｅｎｉｃＡｃｈａｅａ)、极端嗜盐古菌 (ＥｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙＨａｌｏｐｈｉｌｉｃＡｒｃｈａｅａ)和极端嗜热古菌 (ＥｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙＴｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｌｉｃＡｒｃｈａｅａ)等三大类。极端古菌是极端环境微生物的重要成员 ,也是极端环境微生物资源开发的重要领域。其中 ,嗜盐古菌可产生一类蛋白类抗生素 ,称为嗜盐菌素 (ｈａｌｏｃｉｎ)。与细菌素相似[2 ] ,嗜盐菌素是由质粒编码、核糖体合…     

隐甲藻深层培养产生二十碳五烯酸的研究

二十碳五烯酸 (Ｃ2 0 :5 ,Ｅｉｃｏｓａｐｅｎｔａｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ ,简称ＥＰＡ)是一种重要的ω 3系列人体必需多不饱和脂肪酸 (Ｐｏｌｙｕｎ ｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｆａｔｔｙａｃｉｄｓ,ＰＵＦＡ) [1～ 2 ] 。自从Ｄｙｅｒｂｅｒｇｅ等人报道了二十碳五烯酸对防止和治疗血栓、关节硬化、抗炎症、抗癌、促进脑组织发育等方面具有明显效果以来 ,人们对它的营养和医药价值及生产方法进行了广泛的研究[3～ 6] 。目前 ,二十碳五烯酸主要来源于深海鱼油 ,但其产量不稳定 ,纯化工艺复杂且含有难以消除的鱼腥味 ,难以满足市场的需求。由于二十碳五…     

生态风险研究述评

生态风险(ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＲｉｓｋ,ＥＲ),指一个种群、生态系统或整个景观的正常功能受外界胁迫,从而在目前和将来减小该系统健康、生产力、遗传结构、经济价值和美学价值的一种状况[20]。生态风险评估(ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＲｉｓｋＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ,ＥＲＡ)指受一个或多个胁迫因素影响后,对不利的生态后果出现的可能性进行的评估。美国环保局(ＥＰＡ)把这种尚不为人们所重视的领域叫做生态风险评估[20,48]。随着新技术和新方法的应用,ＥＲＡ的研究领域迅速扩展。早期的生态风险评估主要是针对人类健康而言的,也就是人类健康风险…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.