大鼠前扣带皮层多巴胺D1受体参与痛相关情绪调节的行为-电生理学观察

本研究旨在探索前扣带皮层(anterior cingulate cortex, ACC)的多巴胺D1受体参与痛情绪反应的调节作用。第一天大鼠适应环境并记录检测指标的基础值;第二天预先在ACC给予多巴胺D1受体拮抗剂SCH-23390或激动剂SKF-38393,然后大鼠左后足底注射完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund’s adjuvant, CFA, 0.08 mL),与特定环境匹配后建立条件位置逃避(conditioned placeavoidance,CPA)反应;第三天同步观察大鼠在痛环境中的CPA反应与ACC脑区神经元的放电频率,随后进行旷场行为、机械痛行为和热缩足反射潜伏期(paw withdrawal latency, PWL)测试;在另外一组实验中,给予大鼠足底注射生理盐水(NS),ACC脑区预先给予多巴胺D1受体拮抗剂或激动剂,并进行上述同样的实验观察。结果显示：(1)相比于对照组,足底注射CFA的大鼠PWL与机械痛阈值明显降低(P <0.05);(2)注射CFA组的大鼠在“痛环境”和旷场中心的停留时间明显缩短(P <0.05);(3)预先在ACC注射...     

溴化乙锭诱导的短暂脱髓鞘增强PRV的逆行转导效率 *

目的 改进伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)的注射方法,通过溴化乙锭(ethidium bromide,EB)诱导的短暂脱髓鞘提高PRV的转导效率。方法 选用18只正常成年Wistar大鼠,随机分为肌肉组、NS组和EB组(n=6)。肌肉组将2μl滴度为2×10 ⁹的PRV工具病毒注射到胫骨前肌和腓肠肌上;NS组将2μl生理盐水(normal saline,NS)注射到坐骨神经上,1周后相同位置注射2μl滴度为2×10 ⁹的PRV;EB组将2μl 0.1%的EB注射到坐骨神经上,1周后相同位置注射2μl滴度为2×10 ⁹的PRV。大鼠注射PRV 5天后,灌流取材并制作冰冻切片,观察各级神经元的感染情况。 结果 EB组大鼠L4-L5脊髓前角神经元和背根神经节(DRG)、T8脊髓中间神经元、C4脊髓中间神经元、延髓、中脑、大脑皮层均有大量神经元被PRV标记。肌肉组和NS组各级神经元仅有少量被PRV标记。结论 EB诱导坐骨神经脱髓鞘后能够显著提高PRV的逆行转导效率。     

慢性炎性痛大鼠脊髓背角单羧酸转运蛋白-2表达的变化

目的:在大鼠慢性炎性痛模型上,观察大鼠脊髓背角单羧酸转运蛋白-2(MCT-2)表达的变化。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠96只,体重180~220 g,采用随机数字表法将其随机分为2组(n=48):生理盐水组(NS组)和完全性弗氏佐剂组(CFA组)。CFA组左侧后足足底中部皮下注射完全性弗氏佐剂(CFA)100μl;NS组注射等量的生理盐水。在注射前(T0)及注射后3 h(T1)、第1天(T2)、3天(T3)、5天(T4)、7天(T5)、14天(T6)和第21天(T7)测定大鼠机械缩足反应阈值(MWT)和热缩足反应潜伏期(TWL),并于上述各时间点分别随机取4只大鼠,处死后取脊髓背角,采用Western blot法测定MCT-2表达的变化。结果:CFA组大鼠在注射CFA后3 h即出现痛觉过敏,并持续至第14天,其疼痛程度显著大于NS组(P0.05);且T1-6时脊髓背角MCT-2与NS组相比显著增加(P0.05)。大鼠脊髓背角MCT-2的表达与MWT和TWL相关(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:慢性炎性痛大鼠脊髓MCT-2表达上调,该变化可能参与慢性炎性痛中枢敏化的形成和维持。     

在体多通道电生理记录技术在大鼠痛情绪研究中的应用

目的:通过已建立的完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)诱导的条件位置逃避(CPA)行为模型,利用在体多通道电生理学记录技术,结合行为观察研究大鼠发生CPA反应时前扣带皮层(ACC)脑区神经元的电活动。方法:电极制作,电极埋置,在体多通道技术记录清醒大鼠r ACC脑区神经元的电活动及其CPA行为记录。结果:1自制的多通道阵列电极可成功记录到ACC神经元的放电活动;2大鼠脚掌注射CFA前后分别与不同环境匹配后,大鼠处于"痛环境"与"非痛环境"时ACC神经元spike的发放频率分别为痛环境(0.85±1.38)imp/s,非痛环境(0.22±0.97)imp/s(P0.05,n=26);3行为学分析痛环境适应前(303.55±61.77)s对比痛环境适应后(140.32±33.52)s(P0.05,n=6)。上述结果显示,脚掌注射CFA的大鼠处于痛环境时诱发ACC神经元spike放电频率增强与行为上的逃避反应同步发生;脚掌注射生理盐水的对照组并无上述反应趋势。结论:大鼠r ACC脑区神经元电活动与疼痛所致的痛厌恶相关情绪的发生有着密切的联系。     

糖尿病大鼠弓状核-海马肥胖抑素通路构成及对胃运动和胃排空的影响

目的: 探究糖尿病大鼠弓状核(ARC)-海马肥胖抑素(obestatin)神经通路构成,以及该通路对大鼠胃运动、胃排空的影响。方法: 健康雄性Wistar大鼠采用果糖溶液诱导胰岛素抵抗加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法制备糖尿病模型,造模之后,随机分为5组:对照组(NS组)、0.1、1和10 pmol obestatin组、obestatin+NBI27914组,每组7只;各组通过置管分别向海马内注射0.5 μl 生理盐水(NS)、obestatin(0.1 pmol、1 pmol、10 pmol)和混合液(10 pmol obestatin + 60 pmol NBI27914),给药后立即记录大鼠胃运动,15 min后进行胃排空研究;通过荧光金(FG)逆行追踪及免疫组化方法比较正常及糖尿病大鼠ARC-海马obestatin神经通路构及ARC obestatin mRNA表达的异同。结果: 与正常大鼠相比,糖尿病大鼠ARC FG/obestatin双标神经元数目显著减少(P＜0.05),ARC obestatin mRNA表达量显著下降(P＜0.05);obestatin各组可剂量依赖性的抑制大鼠胃运动及胃排空(P＜0.05~0.01),obestatin的这些效应可被促肾上腺皮质激素受体1(CRFR1)阻断剂NBI27914部分阻断(P＜0.05);obestatin对糖尿病大鼠胃运动和胃排空的抑制效应显著减弱(P＜0.05)。结论: ARC-海马之间存在obestatin神经和功能通路,参与糖尿病大鼠胃运动及胃排空调控,且CRFR1信号通路参与该过程。该通路功能的减弱可能参与了糖尿病早期胃动力紊乱的发病。     

完全弗氏佐剂诱导大鼠慢性骨盆疼痛综合征炎性痛模型的制备*

目的: 建立大鼠慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(CPPS)炎性痛模型并进行评价,为CPPS炎症引起的慢性骨盆疼痛的外周及中枢机制研究提供可靠的动物模型。方法: 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分成空白组,假手术组和模型组,每组20只。采用向大鼠前列腺腹侧叶注射完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)的方法制备CPPS炎性痛模型。术后观察大鼠一般情况变化;分别于造模后7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d,35 d测定大鼠足底和阴囊热刺激疼痛阈值;取材后前列腺组织称重计算前列腺指数;显微镜下观察大鼠前列腺组织病理变化并用半定量法评价前列腺组织损伤程度,以评价模型是否成功。结果: 模型成功17只,成模率为85%。与空白组和假手术组比较,造模后大鼠的活动度、毛发光泽度降低,排尿量增加。足底和阴囊热刺激疼痛阈值显著降低并可稳定维持1个月以上(P＜0.01)。前列腺湿重和前列腺指数均显著性提高(P＜0.01)。前列腺组织肉眼可见明显水肿,与周围组织粘连严重;镜下可见腺腔萎缩,间质内大量炎性细胞浸润。结论: 利用向大鼠前列腺腹侧叶注射CFA的方法,可成功复制CPPS炎性痛模型,这将为后续CPPS发病机制的研究,特别是疼痛行为与潜在炎症和神经损伤之间的机制联系提供有价值的工具。     

微丝电极阵列的参考电极内置与外置的对比研究*

目的: 通过对比内置和外置参考电极的微丝电极阵列在记录大鼠脑神经元放电过程中的优缺点,优化微丝电极阵列的制作与埋置,为多通道电生理实时记录系统提供更加实惠、优异的媒介工具。方法: 采用镍铬合金丝、电路板、电极引脚和地线(银线)制作16通道的微丝电极阵列,通过内置(参考电极与电极阵列并列排布)或外置(参考电极与地线分别焊接在电极一侧的两端)微丝电极阵列的参考电极,观察对比两种电极在记录大鼠ACC脑区神经元放电中的区别。实验大鼠分为内置组(8只)和外置组(9只),检测指标有信噪比(n=8)、放电幅度(n=380)和放电频率(n=54)。结果: 内置与外置参考电极的微丝电极阵列均可顺利记录出大鼠ACC脑区神经元的电信号;与外置组相比,内置组的神经元电信号具有信噪比高(P＜0.05)、背景信号幅度小、受噪音干扰小,和放电幅度大(P＜0.05)的优点;锋电位放电频率没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论: 在记录大鼠ACC脑区神经元电活动时,内置参考电极的微丝电极阵列记录到更高信噪比、更大放电幅度的电信号,为多通道电生理技术提供更加可靠的工具。     

低氧促进肺腺癌A549细胞迁移的机制*

目的: 探讨低氧促进肺腺癌A549细胞迁移的机制。方法: 培养肺腺癌A549细胞,转染慢病毒获得稳定敲低ACC1的A549细胞株,转染si-RNA获得敲低SREBP-1的A549细胞。分别以低氧(5％ O₂)联合低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)抑制剂PX-478(25 μmol)处理A549细胞,低氧联合亚油酸(LA)(20 μmol)处理敲低ACC1的A549细胞,低氧处理敲低胆固醇调节原件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)的A549细胞。Transwell实验检测细胞迁移,蛋白质印迹法检测HIF-1α、ACC1及上皮-间质转化(EMT)相关波形蛋白(Vimentin)及E-钙黏蛋白(E-Cadherin)的表达与SREBP-1的表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测低氧联合HIF-1α抑制剂PX-478(25 μmol)处理A549细胞后ACC1及SREBP-1 mRNA水平变化。每项实验重复三次。结果: 与常氧组相比,低氧组A549细胞迁移数增加,ACC1与HIF-1α表达上调(P均＜0.01),SREBP-1表达上调(P＜0.05);与低氧对照组相比,PX-478(25 μmol)抑制A549细胞迁移,SREBP-1表达下调(P＜0.05);低氧处理A549细胞后ACC1 mRNA上升(P＜0.05),SREBP-1 mRNA水平上升(P＜0.01);低氧并使用PX-478(25 μmol)处理A549细胞24 h,ACC1 mRNA水平下降(P＜0.05),SREBP-1 mRNA 水平下降(P＜0.01);转染si-RNA获得敲低SREBP-1的A549细胞,Transwell 实验显示si-SREBP-1组细胞迁移数较常氧对照组减少(P＜0.01);低氧处理si-SREBP-1组与si-NC组,与对照组相比si-SREBP-1组细胞迁移数减少(P＜0.01)但与常氧组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Western blot检测到si-SREBP-1组ACC1表达较对照组下降(P＜0.01);低氧处理si-SREBP-1组,ACC1表达较对照组下降(P＜0.01);敲低ACC1抑制A549细胞迁移(P＜0.05),敲低ACC1后A549细胞在常氧和5％ O₂条件下细胞迁移数目差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05);低氧处理敲低ACC1的A549细胞并给予LA(25 μmol)促进A549细胞迁移(P＜0.05)。结论: 低氧通过HIF-1α/SREBP-1/ACC1途径调节脂肪酸代谢进而促进肺腺癌A549细胞迁移。     

运动干预对衰老模型大鼠血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:探讨6周跑台运动对D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠血清炎性因子水平的影响,以此阐明运动延缓衰老的部分机制。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、衰老对照组(AC组)、衰老训练组(AE组),每组8只。AC和AE组大鼠每日腹腔注射1次D-半乳糖125 mg/kg,NC组注射等量生理盐水,持续6周。同时,AE组进行6周中小强度跑台训练。6周后,各组大鼠腹主动脉取血,分离血清检测血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果:与正常对照组比较,衰老模型组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α水平明显升高(P＜0.01);与衰老模型组比较,衰老训练组大鼠血清IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平明显减少(P＜0.01),表明6周中小强度跑台训练有助于降低衰老机体促炎症因子的分泌,减弱体内炎症反应。结论:6周中小强度跑台训练在一定程度上可以纠正衰老机体内的炎性因子网络紊乱状况,起到干预炎性衰老的目的。     

阿尼西坦对血管性痴呆大鼠的治疗作用

目的: 探讨阿尼西坦(Ani)对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠的治疗作用。方法: 实验将45只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和Ani治疗组。采用改良四血管阻断法(永久灼闭椎动脉、可逆夹闭颈总动脉)建立VD大鼠模型,用Ani(300 mg/kg)灌胃治疗4周;对照组大鼠手术同上,但不阻断血供,生理盐水2 ml灌胃4周。4周后行Morris水迷宫实验,测试各组大鼠空间学习记忆能力;采用免疫组化法检测半胱氨酸天门冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)在海马齿状回的表达。结果: Ani组大鼠学习记忆能力较模型组明显提高(P＜0.05),caspase-3在海马齿状回的表达水平比模型组明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论: Ani能增强VD大鼠的空间认知能力,机制可能与其下调caspase-3表达而保护海马细胞免受凋亡损伤有关。     

Persistent pain model reveals sex difference in morphine potency

Central or systemic administration of agonists directed at the mu or delta opiate receptors generally produce a greater degree of analgesia in males than in females. To date, most studies examining sex-based differences in opioid analgesia have used acute noxious stimuli (i.e., tail-flick and hot plate test); thus the potential dimorphic response of centrally acting opiates in the alleviation of persistent inflammatory pain is not well established. In the present study, right hind paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant thermal stimuli was measured in intact male and cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats before and after unilateral hind paw injection of the inflammatory agent complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Control animals received intraplantar injection of saline. Twenty four hours after CFA or saline injection, animals received either saline or morphine bisulfate (0.5-15 mg/kg sc). Separate groups of control or inflamed animals were tested on their responsiveness to morphine at 7, 14, and 21 days post-CFA or saline. No sex differences were noted for baseline PWLs, and females displayed slightly less thermal hyperalgesia at 24 h post-CFA. At all morphine doses administered, both the antihyperalgesic effects of morphine in the inflamed animals and the antinociceptive effects of morphine in control animals were significantly greater in males compared with females. Similarly, in males, the antihyperalgesic effects of morphine increased significantly at 7-21 days post-CFA; no significant shift in morphine potency was noted for females. These studies demonstrate sex-based differences in the effects of morphine on thermal hyperalgesia in a model of persistent inflammatory pain.     

花青素对完全弗氏佐剂诱导慢性炎性痛的镇痛作用及其机制

目的：本研究旨在探索金叶女贞果实花青素对完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）诱导慢性炎性痛的镇痛作用及其可能的中枢机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为三组（n=10）：正常对照组、慢性炎性痛模型组（左后足跖注射100 μl CFA）、花青素治疗组（模型+花青素90 mg·kg^-1,ig,qd）。造模前和术后第1、3、5、7、9、11、13日测量各组大鼠的体重、基础痛阈（热痛阈和机械痛阈）,左后肢足趾容积;术后第14日实验结束,分光光度计法测定血清各项生化指标,Western blot检测海马区总辣椒素受体（TRPV1）和磷酸化辣椒素受体（p-TRPV1）的表达。结果：花青素能提高模型组大鼠热痛阈和机械痛阈（P<0.05）,降低足趾肿胀度（P<0.05）,提高血清SOD水平（P<0.01）,降低血清MDA和NO含量（P<0.05）,降低大脑海马区p-TRPV1/TRPV1蛋白比例。结论：花青素灌胃14日处理对完全弗氏佐剂诱导的大鼠慢性炎性痛有镇痛作用,其机制可能与降低炎性因子释放,提高抗氧化能力和下调TRPV1磷酸化有关。     

Reexamination of the difference in susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis among LEW/Crj, Slc/Wistar/ST and Slc/SD rats.

The present investigations were performed to assess the differences among rat colonies commonly used for neurophysiological research regarding the development of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Inflammatory signs including edema in the paw fluctuated remarkably among individual Wistar (Slc/Wistar/ST) and Sprague-Dawley (Slc/SD) rats, while the inflammatory signs of Lewis (LEW/Crj) rats appeared earlier and was severer and more consistent than Slc/Wistar/ST and Slc/SD rats. Edema in the hind paw developed in 100% of LEW/Crj rats with the lowest dose of CFA (0.6 mg/rat) used as compared with 64% of Slc/Wistar/ST (CFA 1 mg/rat) and 38% of Slc/SD rats (CFA 1.2 mg/rat). Retardation of weight gain was observed in Slc/Wistar/ST and Slc/SD rats in contrast to a severe weight decrease in inflamed LEW/Crj rats after the development of arthritis.     

鞘内注射γ-氨基丁酸转运体抑制剂NO-711抑制坐骨神经慢性挤压伤大鼠神经病理性痛觉过敏

为研究γ-氨基丁酸转运体在神经病理性痛中的作用,实验用坐骨神经慢性挤压伤致神经病理性痛模型大鼠,以清醒大鼠分别对辐射热刺激和机械性触觉刺激的缩腿潜伏期和机械阈值为指标,分为NS组、N5组、N10组、N20组、N40组5组,分别在坐骨神经结扎前和结扎后第三天鞘内给予生理盐水或不同剂量的γ-氨基丁酸转运体特异性抑制剂NO-711(5、10、20、40μg),观察鞘内注射NO-711对大鼠热痛敏和触诱发痛的影响.结果表明,NO-711可显著抑制神经病理性痛大鼠的热痛觉过敏和触诱发痛(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),其抑制作用持续时间最长分别可达2 h(N40组)和4 h(N20组),其抗热痛敏作用呈剂量依赖性.坐骨神经结扎前鞘内给予不同剂量的NO-711可不同程度地延迟坐骨神经结扎所致的热痛觉过敏的发生,但不能延迟结扎所致的触诱发痛的发生.结果表明γ-氨基丁酸转运体抑制剂在神经病理性痛大鼠具有抗热痛敏和抗触诱发痛的作用.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of shikonin derivatives from Arnebia hispidissima.

Arnebia hispidissima ethanolic extract, after chromatography, yielded a number of shikonin derivatives, which were identified as arnebin-5, arnebin-6, teracryl shikonin, arnebinone and acetyl shikonin. All these compounds were firstly reported from this plant species and evaluated to the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract and isolated shikonin derivatives, models with carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic arthritis in rats were conducted. The observed results indicated that pre-treatment with arnebinone significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema and also suppressed the development of chronic arthritis induced by CFA.     

牛肾上腺髓质22肽削弱完全弗氏佐剂引起的早期痛觉过敏

本研究旨在探讨感觉神经元特异性受体(sensory neuron-specific receptor,SNSR)的内源性激动剂牛肾上腺髓质22肽(bovine adrenal medulla22,BAM22)对完全弗氏佐剂(complete Freund’s adjuvant,CFA)引起的早期炎性痛的影响。在大鼠后足皮下注射CFA形成炎性痛模型,通过撤足反射、脚肿测定和免疫组织化学等方法观察鞘内给予BAM22对炎性痛的影响。结果显示:在撤足反射实验中,BAM22能剂量依赖地延长CFA炎性鼠撤足反射潜伏期基础阈值,增强抗伤害作用,并降低脚肿程度。10nmol BAM22作用48h后,撤足反射潜伏期恢复至正常的83.2%,脚肿仅增加60.0%;24h时延长撤足反射潜伏期达最大可能作用的33.5%,并持续至少1h。在免疫组织化学实验中,BAM22能显著降低CFA引起的L3-L5脊髓背角神经元型一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase,nNOS)阳性细胞和降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)样免疫活性物质的表达,与生理盐水组相...     

Involvement of Spinal Serotonin Receptors in Electroacupuncture Anti-Hyperalgesia in an Inflammatory Pain Rat Model

We previously showed that electroacupuncture (EA) activates medulla-spinal serotonin-containing neurons. The present study investigated the effects of intrathecal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, a selective neurotoxin for serotonergic terminals, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) antagonist NAN-190 hydrobromide and the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) antagonist SB-242,084 on EA anti-hyperalgesia. EA was given twice at acupoint GB30 after complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection into hind paw. CFA-induced hyperalgesia was measured by assessing hind paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus 30 min post-EA. Serotonin depletion and the 5-HT1AR antagonist blocked EA anti-hyperalgesia; the 5-HT2CR antagonist did not. Immunohistochemical staining showed that spinal 5-HT1AR was expressed and that 5-HT2CR was absent in naive and CFA-injected animals 2.5 h post-CFA. These results show a correlation between EA anti-hyperalgesia and receptor expression. Collectively, the data show that EA activates supraspinal serotonin neurons to release 5-HT, which acts on spinal 5-HT1AR to inhibit hyperalgesia.     

Transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis with spleen cells from donors sensitized with myelin basic protein in incomplete Freund's adjuvant

Myelin basic protein (BP) emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (BP/IFA) is relatively nonencephalitogenic in Lewis rats. Furthermore, repeated injections of BP/IFA prevent subsequent induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by BP emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (BP/CFA). In spite of this, spleen cells from rats injected repeatedly with BP/IFA transfer EAE after they are cultured with BP almost as effectively as BP/CFA spleen cells. However, unlike the latter, BP/IFA spleen cells do not proliferate in response to BP in culture. Furthermore, BP/IFA spleen cells are unable to transfer EAE after culture with concanavalin A (Con A), in contrast to BP/CFA spleen cells. Both populations of spleen cells undergo a strong proliferative response to Con A in culture. For BP/IFA cells, at least, a proliferative response to BP in vitro is not a prerequisite for enhanced transfer of EAE in Lewis rats.