地黄属和崖白菜属等位酶的变异研究

利用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的等电聚焦电泳技术,对玄参科Scrophulariaceae地黄属Rehmannia 6种植物和崖白菜属Triaenophora 2种植物共52份材料进行了7个酶系统的等位酶分析。在7个酶系中共检测到18个清晰位点和45个等位基因,多态位点为17个;并将遗传学数据用软件Biosys-1进行分析,结果表明:同种内个体间表现出较大的遗传同质性,而不同种的个体则表现出明显的趋异性。除高地黄R.elata和裂叶地黄R.piasezkii外,其余6种植物之间遗传分化较明显,8个种按聚类结果分为两支,崖白菜属的崖白菜T.rupestris和神农架崖白菜T.shennongjiaensis聚为一支,位于分支树的基部;地黄属的地黄R.glutinosa、茄叶地黄R.solanifolia、天目地黄R.chingii、湖北地黄R.henryi、高地黄和裂叶地黄为另一支。在地黄属中,高地黄和裂叶地黄之间的亲缘关系最近,地黄和裂叶地黄关系最远。本研究结果不支持把高地黄和裂叶地黄作为两个独立的种。地黄属与崖白菜属在遗传上具有较高水平的相似性,它们在生活史和形态学上仍然保留有许多共同的特征,说明它们之间分化的时间可能不长。     

地黄属(Rehmannia)和崖白菜属(Triaenophora)植物的叶表皮形态特征

利用扫描电子显微镜对车前科(P lantaginaceae)地黄属(Rehmannia)和崖白菜属(Triaenophora)8种植物成熟叶片的背面进行了观察。地黄属和崖白菜属的气孔都突出于叶表面,气孔类型均为无规则型;毛被有2种类型,即单列多细胞疏柔毛+单列多细胞腺毛和单列多细胞棉毛+单列多细胞腺毛。气孔和毛被在种间无明显的差异,不能作为分种依据,但毛被在属间具有明显的差异,具有一定的属间分类意义。     

地黄属（Rehmannia）和崖白菜属（Triaenophora）植物的叶表皮形态特征

利用扫描电子显微镜对车前科(P lantaginaceae)地黄属(Rehmannia)和崖白菜属(Triaenophora)8种植物成熟叶片的背面进行了观察。地黄属和崖白菜属的气孔都突出于叶表面,气孔类型均为无规则型;毛被有2种类型,即单列多细胞疏柔毛 单列多细胞腺毛和单列多细胞棉毛 单列多细胞腺毛。气孔和毛被在种间无明显的差异,不能作为分种依据,但毛被在属间具有明显的差异,具有一定的属间分类意义。     

崖白菜属的一个新异名

根据对崖白菜的腊叶标本和武汉植物园栽培的崖白菜活体植物的研究,结合崖白菜的野外调查,认为全缘叶崖白菜应作为崖白菜的异名处理.     

崖白菜属的一个新异名(英文)

根据对崖白菜的腊叶标本和武汉植物园栽培的崖白菜活体植物的研究,结合崖白菜的野外调查,认为全缘叶崖白菜应作为崖白菜的异名处理。     

瑞香属和荛花属的数量分类研究

瑞香属和荛花属为瑞香科瑞香亚科的落叶或常绿灌木,中国西南部是瑞香属和荛花属的重要分化中心。全世界共有瑞香属95种、荛花属70种,中国分布有瑞香属52种、荛花属49种。瑞香属和荛花属的分类学研究一直存在不同程度的分歧。花盘形状和果实类型在传统分类中一直是区分瑞香属和荛花属的典型特征,而花盘形态和果实类型在2个属中存在交叉和过渡,部分植物分类学家根据这些特征将两个属进行过不同程度的归并。该研究采用数量分类法对瑞香属77种(变种)和荛花属62种(变种)植物,选取32个形态学性状进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:聚类分析和主成分分析均显示两属均未形成单系类群。在主成分分析中,前3个主成分分析的贡献值为35.56%,传统分类中用来区分两属的花盘形状、叶序及果实类型等特征对前3个主成分贡献相对较小,因此,传统分类学中对这两个属进行区分的性状并没有典型的分类学意义。同时,聚类图和主成分分析得到的散点图均不能将这两个属区分开来。数量分类研究结果显示两属植物存在明显的交叉,支持瑞香属和荛花属不是两个独立自然类群的观点。     

中国原产石蒜属植物的数量分类和主成分分析

应用数量分类学方法对中国原产石蒜属13种2变种的35个性状进行Q、R聚类分析和主成分分析,探讨国产石蒜属植物种间的亲缘关系,并对分类性状进行评价。研究结果显示,Q型聚类可分为2个大类和8小类,安徽石蒜与长筒石蒜的亲缘关系很近,认为将其作为长筒石蒜的变种更为合适,同时支持玫瑰石蒜、红蓝石蒜、乳白石蒜、江苏石蒜、稻草石蒜的杂交起源观点。R型聚类可分为7个组;经主成分分析,35个性状可综合为5个主成分,其累积贡献率达82.55%,根据这5个主成分与性状间的相关性,选出影响比较大的16个性状,其中鳞茎形状、花被片宽和雄蕊长/花被片长的比值最为重要,可作为大类群划分的依据,而花被片是否具条纹、花丝颜色、花色、花葶粗、幼叶尖端及边缘颜色、种子有无等可作为物种划分的重要依据。     

中国栎属植物的数量分类研究

在全面衡量中国栎属49种4变种性状特征的基础上,观测了25个定性性状和18个数量性状。通过聚类分析,可以将中国栎属分为5个特征明显的表征群,即5组:麻栎组(Section Aegilops)、槲栎组(Section Quercus)、高山栎组(Section Brachylepides)、巴东栎组(Section Engleriana)和橿子栎组(Section Echinolepides)。在主成分分析中,虽然性状的累积贡献率增长不明显,前3个主成分累积贡献率仅有50.4%,但结果仍然显示出和聚类分析同样的结果。说明栎属的分类性状仍存在主要方面,只不过在演化过程中由于性状变异的多样性,产生了多个不同的表征类群。分析结果对我们解决个别有疑问种的分类地位也有启示作用。因此,数量分类方法对解决栎属组间及种间的分类问题有重要的意义。     

中国薹草属黑穗薹草组的数量分类研究

对中国薹草属黑穗薹草组Sect.Racemosae及外类群冻原薹草组Sect.Frigidae共20种3变种采用38个形态特征进行了数量分类研究。聚类分析结果表明,黑穗薹草组应是一个自然分类群;支持了《中国植物志》将两对相似种：乌拉草（Carer meyeriana）与红原薹草（Carer hongyuanensis）、膨囊薹草（Carex lehmanii）与五台山薹草（Carex montis-wutaii）分别处理为种的观点。主成分分析结果表明,本组的分类特征较为稳定与集中,本组主成分分析散点图与聚类分析的分类结果大致吻合,并表明有关小坚果、果囊、鳞片、主茎叶和苞片的性状在本组的分类中起到了主要作用。     

泡桐属的数量分类研究

本文对泡桐属进行了数量分析研究。结果表明:泡桐属宜分为三个组:即白花泡桐组, 毛泡桐组、楸叶泡桐组。同时对某些种的分类问题进行了探讨。     

A re-examination of the taxonomy of the genusRhizobium and related genera using numerical analysis

Different methods of clustering were applied to the results of a numerical study of the taxonomy ofRhizobium, Agrobacterium, Beijerinckia, Chromobacterium, andBacillus published by Graham (1964) (J. Gen. Microbiol.35: 511).The groupings obtained were compared with that of Graham and external information from published studies on flagellation and DNA-base-composition was used to judge the merits of the various groupings. It is shown that a more satisfactory grouping is obtained with furthest neighbour and flexible sorting than with either nearest neighbour sorting or with the modified method of Sneath (1957) used by Graham.The conclusions from this study are that (1)Agrobacterium radiobacter andA. tumefaciens belong to one taxon; (2)Agrobacterium is more closely related to fast-growingRhizobium than is slow-growingRhizobium; (3) fast growing and slow-growingRhizobium are more closely related to each other than toBeijerinckia andChromobacterium; (4)Bacillus, Beijerinckia andChromobacterium are more closely related to each other than toRhizobium. Of these conclusions (1) and (2) are in agreement with Graham.It is postulated that the genusRhizobum should not be split at the generic level and thatAgrobacterium should not be merged withRhizobium as was suggested by Graham. Instead it is proposed thatRhizobium be considered as consisting of two Sections, one withR. japonicum as the type species and the other withR. leguminosarum as the type species, and that taxonomic treatment at the species level be left until much more material has been studied, and thatAgrobacterium be retained as a generic name until more evidence has been produced.     

A specification of numerical taxonomy: Thermodynamical taxonomy

Thermodynamic taxonomy (ThT) is established from both a theoretical and pragmatical point of view. An application of thermodynamic taxonomy is given.     

Xylose distribution within and taxonomy of the genera Bullera and Sporobolomyces

All CBS strains of the ballistosporic genera Bullera and Sporobolomyces were screened for the presence of xylose by means of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of derivatized whole-cell hydrolysates. Xylose was found in the majority of Bullera strains, whereas it was mostly absent from Sporobolomyces. The results do not suggest the necessity of any changes in the present concepts of both genera.     

Familial placement and relations of Rehmannia and Triaenophora (Scrophulariaceae s.l.) inferred from five gene regions

Accurate classification systems based on evolution are imperative for biological investigations. The recent explosion of molecular phylogenetics has resulted in a much improved classification of angiosperms. More than five phylogenetic lineages have been recognized from Scrophulariaceae sensu lato since the family was determined to be polyphyletic; however, questions remain about the genera that have not been assigned to one of the segregate families of Scrophulariaceae s.l. Rehmannia Liboschitz and Triaenophora Solereder are such genera with uncertain familial placement. There also is debate whether Triaenophora should be segregated from Rehmannia. To evaluate the phylogenetic relations between Rehmannia and Triaenophora, to find their closest relatives, and to verify their familial placement, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of one nuclear DNA (ITS) region and four chloroplast DNA gene regions (trnL-F, rps16, rbcL, and rps2) individually and combined. The analyses showed that Rehmannia and Triaenophora are each strongly supported as monophyletic and together are sister to Orobanchaceae. This relation was corroborated by phytochemical and morphological data. Based on these data, we suggest that Rehmannia and Triaenophora represent the second nonparasitic branch sister to the remainder of Orobanchaceae (including Lindenbergia).     

Physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genera Ankistrodesmus and Scenedesmus

The genera Ankistrodesmus (including Raphidium) (17 strains) and Scenedesmus (27 strains) have a rather low salt tolerance without distinct speciesspecific differences. Only one strain of Ankistrodesmus and 23 strains of Scenedesmus are able to grow in the presence of 1% NaCl. Members of these genera therefore appear to be rather unsuitable for mass cultures in media based on sea water.-Two strains of Scenedesmus are thermophilic and grow well at 38°C.