熊果酸抗肿瘤和抗心血管疾病作用的研究进展

熊果酸（ursolic cid,UA）属三萜类化合物,是许多中药复方的主要有效成分之一。它具有抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、降脂、抗炎、抗氧化等多种生物学效应。本文就UA对肿瘤细胞增殖信号通路的影响和抗心血管疾病作用研究进展方面进行综述,以期为UA的开发提供新思路。     

熊果酸提取工艺的研究进展

简要介绍了熊果酸的生物活性及其应用,综述了熊果酸几种提取工艺的研究进展,探讨了其今后的发展方向。     

肿瘤干细胞在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSCs)学说的成熟发展和研究成为当前肿瘤治疗研究的热点之一,因其特殊的生物学特性在肿瘤防治中起重要作用。以CSCs为靶点为肿瘤治疗开辟了一条新思路。传统的治疗不能有效靶向CSC,开发针对CSC靶向治疗的新方法,将对肿瘤的耐药、复发、转移具有革新意义。     

纳米材料应用于肿瘤治疗的研究进展

近年来,纳米材料和纳米技术越来越多地进入到临床应用阶段。已有很多实验证明,纳米材料具有肿瘤细胞和肿瘤组织靶向性,根据这一特性设计出的纳米级药物经临床实践证实能明显改善肿瘤治疗的效果。更值得关注的是,许多处于基础研究阶段的纳米材料也展示出重要的临床应用潜力,特别是在抑制肿瘤转移方面具有良好的应用前景。该文介绍了已经应用于肿瘤治疗或有潜力成为肿瘤治疗药物的纳米材料和纳米技术。     

纳米药物递送系统在基于化疗的联合治疗中的研究进展

肿瘤是一种病理过程复杂的疾病。大多数肿瘤患者接受化疗和放疗,但这些治疗通常只对部分有效,并产生各种严重的副作用。因此,有必要开发新的治疗策略。联合治疗是目前肿瘤治疗的热点,联合用药引起的多种协同作用是提高抗肿瘤活性的关键。纳米药物递送系统的出现对临床治疗产生了深远的影响。药物的体内递送常不能达到令人满意的治疗效果,而纳米药物递送系统可以实现肿瘤靶向给药,在提高抗肿瘤效果的同时降低药物的毒副作用。本文介绍了多种基于化疗的联合治疗方法,重点阐述了纳米药物递送系统在基于化疗的联合治疗中的运用,并对该领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望。     

肿瘤抗体研究进展

近几十年以来,随着生命科学的发展,已被生理学家们对肿瘤及治疗肿瘤的认识不断加深,从化学药物到天然植物药(如紫杉醇),再到当前的免疫靶向治疗药物(如以肿瘤细胞膜为靶点和以肿瘤血管生成为靶点的抗体药物)。科学家们通过对抗体分子的人源化改造,新型抗体分子的研究,药物可分解性无毒性等多方面的研究,使得抗肿瘤药物进入了一个全新的新时期,寄望研究出对癌症患者更友好更有效的药物。     

透明质酸在肿瘤治疗中的应用

透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)是脊椎动物细胞间基质的重要组成成分,它是一种线性生物多聚糖,具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解、无毒、无免疫原性等特点,在生物医药领域有广泛的应用。本文简要介绍透明质酸的结构特点及其靶向作用机制,综述近年来透明质酸作为药物载体和靶向因子在肿瘤治疗中的研究现状。     

E-cadherin 在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

E-cadherin 参与形成细胞间黏附性连接,是胚胎发育过程中的一个关键因子。越来越多的研究表明,E-cadherin 在肿瘤的发生发 展过程中也发挥了至关重要的作用。在生物体内,E-cadherin 的表达和功能受到多个水平、多重因素的调控,而 E-cadherin 又可以影响 多条重要信号通路的活性,参与到多种生理病理过程中。E-cadherin 下调造成细胞间黏附性连接减少、极性减弱,细胞由上皮样转变为间 质样,这一变化是上皮间质转化（EMT）的重要标志之一。E-cadherin 与多种肿瘤的发生有一定的相关性。同时 E-cadherin 下调所引起 的 EMT 促进肿瘤细胞的迁移运动,肿瘤细胞侵袭力增强,促进转移的发生。近年来,大量研究关注到 E-cadherin 对肿瘤细胞的耐药及干 细胞特性的获得都有影响。综述 E-cadherin 在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,探讨以 E-cadherin 为靶点的肿瘤治疗的现状及展望。     

肿瘤干细胞靶向治疗研究进展

肿瘤干细胞是存在于肿瘤组织中的一小部分具有自我更新、多向分化和无限增殖能力的细胞,其控制着肿瘤的生长、分化,并且与 肿瘤的耐药性、转移以及复发密切相关。简述近年来国内外学者针对肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗产品,包括抗体、多肽以及靶向药物的研究进展。 肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗为临床肿瘤治疗提供了新的希望。     

Determination of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acid in Sambuci Fructus

Elderberries are used in the preparation of pie, jelly, punch, wine, or liqueur, as well as in many herbal remedies and food supplements. Elderberry products may provide diaphoretic, diuretic, antioxidant, and immunostimulant activities that offer protection against cold and flu. Herein, we report for the first time the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of two isomeric triterpenoids isolated from Sambuci fructus. The analysis revealed that ursolic acid and oleanolic acid are present in Sambuci fructus. The average concentration of ursolic acid was ca. three times higher than the concentration of oleanolic acid. The triterpenoids were detected and quantified using chromatographic methods such as TLC and HPLC. Spectroscopic techniques, including HR‐MS and 2D‐NMR, allowed unequivocal structure determination.     

RP-HPLC法测定枇杷叶中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量

目的:建立枇杷叶中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量测定方法.方法:采用RP-HPLC法测定,色谱柱为ZorbaxODS柱,用甲醇-1%醋酸水溶液(88:12)为流动相,检测波长为215 nm.结果:熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均回收率分别为98.1%,97.3%(n=3),RSD分别为1.78%,1.93%(n=3).结论:本法准确、灵敏、快速,可作为枇杷叶药材及其制剂的质量控制方法之一.     

熊果酸对ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞NQO1表达的影响(英文)

目的:研究熊果酸对经氧化性低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)干预后人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)醌还原氧化酶1表达的影响,以进一步探讨熊果酸抗动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,进行分组处理,每组n=5。对照组,不加任何处理;ox-LDL组,加入ox-LDL培养24h,终浓度为20mg/L;ox-LDL+低浓度熊果酸组,先加入ox-LDL(浓度20mg/L)孕育半小时,然后与熊果酸(浓度1.5μmlo/L)共同培养24h;ox-LDL+高浓度熊果酸组,先加入ox-LDL(浓度20mg/L)孕育半小时,然后与熊果酸(浓度4.5μmlo/L)共同培养24h;采用MTT试验测定细胞吸光度值,检测熊果酸对ox-LDL损伤的保护作用,采用RT-PCR法检测NQO1mRNA的表达,采用Western blot法检测NQO1蛋白的表达。结果:熊果酸减弱ox-LDL对HUVECs的损伤作用;ox-LDL组NQO1mRNA的表达量(0.624±0.009)明显高于对照组(0.521±0.007),P0.01。熊果酸呈浓度依赖性的提高NQO1mRNA的表达量(ox-LDL+低浓度熊果酸组vs ox-LDL组:0.722±0.058 vs 0.624±0.009,P0.01;ox-LDL+高浓度熊果酸组vs ox-LDL组:0.826±0.059 vs 0.624±0.009,P0.01)。ox-LDL组NQO1蛋白的表达量(0.624±0.009)明显高于对照组(0.521±0.007),P0.01。熊果酸呈浓度依赖性的提高NQO1蛋白的表达量(ox-LDL+低浓度熊果酸组vs ox-LDL组:0.710±0.058 vs 0.574±0.024,P0.01;ox-LDL+高浓度熊果酸组vs ox-LDL组:0.831±0.034 vs 0.574±0.024,P0.01)。结论:熊果酸可上调ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞NQO1的表达,表明其可能具有抗氧化应激及抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的含量测定

目的:建立白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的含量测定方法.方法:薄层扫描法.结果:熊果酸在948～4 740 ng范围内有良好的线性关系,Y=1 519.107 3.449X,r=0.998.结论:本方法简便,可靠,精密度高,稳定性好,能快速测定白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的含量,可用于白花蛇舌草及其制剂的质量控制.     

Ursolic acid regulates high glucose-induced apoptosis

A high concentration of glucose has been implicated as a causal factor in initiation and progression of diabetic complications and there is evidence to suggest that hyperglycemia increases the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Therefore, compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) may confer regulatory effects on high glucose-induced apoptosis. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene, is reported to have an antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of UA on high glucose-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Upon exposure to 35 mM glucose for two days, there was a distinct difference between untreated cells and cells pre-treated with 50 nM UA for 2 h in regard to cellular redox status and oxidative DNA damage to cells. UA pre-treated cells showed significant suppression of apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation, damage to mitochondrial function and modulation of apoptotic marker proteins upon exposure to high glucose. This study indicates that UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS.     

Ursolic acid regulates high glucose-induced apoptosis

A high concentration of glucose has been implicated as a causal factor in initiation and progression of diabetic complications and there is evidence to suggest that hyperglycemia increases the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Therefore, compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) may confer regulatory effects on high glucose-induced apoptosis. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene, is reported to have an antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of UA on high glucose-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Upon exposure to 35 mM glucose for two days, there was a distinct difference between untreated cells and cells pre-treated with 50 nM UA for 2 h in regard to cellular redox status and oxidative DNA damage to cells. UA pre-treated cells showed significant suppression of apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation, damage to mitochondrial function and modulation of apoptotic marker proteins upon exposure to high glucose. This study indicates that UA may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis induced by high glucose presumably through scavenging of ROS.     

超声辅助从柿叶中提取熊果酸的工艺研究

通过单因素实验,以熊果酸的提取率为指标,考察了柿叶中熊果酸超声提取过程的几个影响因素;并通过正交实验,对过程参数进行了优化。结果表明,各因素对熊果酸提取效果的影响程度从高到低分别是：乙醇体积分数→提取次数→提取时间→液固比;确定的最适提取条件为：体积分数95％乙醇溶液超声提取2次,每次40min,液固比为10：1。     

Antifungal Effect and Protective Role of Ursolic Acid and Three Phenolic Derivatives in the Management of Sorghum Grain Mold Under Field Conditions

In this study, investigation was carried out under in vitro as well as field conditions to explore inhibitors of sorghum grain mold. Phytochemicals, viz., methyl trans‐p‐coumarate (AIC‐1), methyl caffeate (AIC‐2), syringic acid (AIC‐3), and ursolic acid (UA), at different concentrations (500, 750, and 1000 ppm) were tested on spore germination of Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, and Helminthosporium sp. Significant growth inhibition (P < 0.001) was observed against all fungi except A. alternata which was found to be resistant to AIC‐3. Further, two separate sets of field experiments involving spraying of water and F. moniliforme suspension over chemicals treated (1000 ppm) sorghum panicles were done. The levels of protection varied with different treatments which were graded using a standard 1 – 9 rating scale. The Fusarium‐challenged panicles (FCP) showed lesser susceptibility and decreased the rate of infection of grain mold (grade 7.0), compared to simple UA, AIC‐2, and AIC‐1 treatments (7.4, 7.6, and 8.0 grade, resp.). The HPLC quantification of differentially induced phenolic acids in treated sorghum grains substantiated this effect disclosing the higher accumulation of chlorogenic, vanillic, and salicylic acids in FCP. This might be due to defensive induction of these acids by the plants. Although mold control by examined chemicals were lesser than the standard Tilt (grade 5.9), they were found to be nontoxic to mammalian cells under cytotoxicity assay.