2015-2016年宿州市肾结石患病现况调查及危险因素分析

摘要 目的：分析2015-2016年安徽省宿州市肾结石患病情况,并分析该地区肾结石患病的危险因素,为肾结石的防治提供依据。方法：选择2015年1月~2016年12月间于我院就诊的肾结石患者110例作为研究组,选择同期本院体检的健康志愿者110例作为对照组。调查两组基本信息、临床资料、饮食习惯等,并应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析分析肾结石患病的危险因素。结果：108名肾结石患者年龄18~75岁,45~55岁所占比例最高,占34.04%,其次是35~44岁,占25.53%,55~64岁,占17.02%。单因素分析显示,宿州市肾结石患者发病与吸烟指数、饮酒指数、饮食习惯、每日饮水量、直系亲属肾结石史、尿路感染史、BMI有关（P<0.05）,与文化程度、月收入无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示饮酒指数≥200、喜食肉蛋、喜食海鲜、每日饮水量<1000 mL、直系亲属有肾结石史、有尿路感染史、体质量指数(BMI)>24 kg/m²是宿州市肾结石患者发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：宿州市肾结石患者发病年龄多集中于45~55岁,且该地区发病的危险因素包括饮酒指数≥200、喜食肉蛋、喜食海鲜、每日饮水量<1000 mL、直系亲属有肾结石史、有尿路感染史、BMI>24 kg/m²,可作为防治肾结石的参考依据。     

儿童不明原因扩张型心肌病左室射血分数恢复的影响因素分析

目的:探讨儿童不明原因扩张型心肌病(DCM)左室射血分数(LVEF)恢复的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月在我院住院治疗的不明原因DCM患儿的临床资料,对所有患者随访16月后,根据二维超声心动图(UCG)中LVEF值,分为LVEF恢复组、未恢复组和死亡组,比较各组之间各相关检测指标的差异。结果:大选194例患者男性113例。恢复组45例(23.20%),末恢复组65例(33.51%),死亡组84例(43.29%)。恢复组发病年龄≤2岁者患者比例明显高于未恢复组与死亡组(P均0.05)。初诊时,恢复组左室舒张末期内径(LVDD)明显小于未恢复组与死亡组AVEF明显高于未恢复组与死亡组(P均0.05)。恢复组二尖瓣轻度反流的患者明显多于未恢复组及死亡组(P均0.05)。恢复组室性心律失常者比例明显少于未恢复组及死亡组(P0.05)。恢复组患者无心肌延迟强化现象,末恢复组延迟强化占5.41%,死亡组占21.74%。恢复组LVEF恢复正常的中位时间8.0月,同时有LVDD恢复正常者11例。多因素分析发现年龄2.0岁(OR=17.064,95%C13.494-83.171,P=0.000)、心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级(OR=17.711,95%CI2.229-140.704,P=0.007)、MR中重度反流(OR=3.762,95%CI1.209-11.706,P=0.022)是LVEF不能恢复正常的独立危险因素。结论:年龄2.0岁、心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级、二尖瓣中重度反流是不利于儿童不明原因扩张型心肌病患儿LVEF恢复的独立危险因素。     

徐州市学龄期儿童肥胖现况调查及影响因素分析

目的:对徐州学龄期儿童的肥胖现状进行调查,分析其肥胖原因,以期找到有效的预防方法。方法:随机选取2014年1月-2016年1月徐州市学龄期儿童1021例,采用自理调查量表收集儿童及其父母的基本情况,统计儿童肥胖发生率,采用Logistic多因素回归分析儿童肥胖的影响因素。结果:男童肥胖率为11.15%(58/520),女童肥胖率为5.79%(29/501),男童肥胖率明显高于女童(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,儿童肥胖危险因素有家族肥胖史(OR=3.647)、食欲(OR=2.065)、垃圾食品(OR=3.032)、甜食(OR=2.937),保护因素为周末运动时间(OR=-0.865)、体育特长(OR=-0.641)。结论:徐州学龄期儿童肥胖情况较为严重,应当控制肥胖儿童卡路里的摄入,积极进行体育锻炼,从各方面进行防治。     

苏州地区0～14岁儿童听力障碍流行病学调查及发病因素的Logistic回归分析

摘要 目的：调查苏州地区0～14岁儿童听力障碍流行病学情况，并分析发病的危险因素。方法：采用多阶段、随机抽样的方法，于2020年1月~2022年1月期间在本地区46个街道和51个镇中，抽取调查样本1478例。采用《WHO耳疾与听力障碍调查方案》进行现场调查，用AA222听力计对0～14岁儿童进行纯音测听，听力阈值≥26dB提示存在听力障碍。调查苏州地区0～14岁儿童听力障碍流行病学情况，并分析听力障碍发病的危险因素。结果：纳入0~14岁研究对象1478例，资料齐全者1459例，回收率98.71%。根据是否发生听力障碍将所有研究对象分为听力障碍组（n=42）和无听力障碍组（n=1417）。听力障碍的发生率为2.88%，其中男性的患病率高于女性，8~14岁的患病率高于0~7岁，城镇患病率高于农村。听力障碍发病与曾用过耳毒性药物、阳性耳聋家族史、母围产期感染、高胆红素血症、新生儿窒息、母孕期合并疾病、母孕期不良生活习惯、母孕期不良社会环境因素、性别、年龄有关（P<0.05），而与头颈部畸形、细菌性脑膜炎、婴幼儿期有既往疾病史、居住地无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析，结果显示：年龄8~14岁、曾用过耳毒性药物、有母围产期感染、有高胆红素血症、有母孕期合并疾病、有母孕期不良生活习惯、有母孕期不良社会环境因素、有阳性耳聋家族史、有新生儿窒息是听力障碍发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：苏州地区0～14岁儿童听力障碍的发生率为2.88%，8~14岁的居多，发病受到曾用过耳毒性药物、母围产期感染、高胆红素血症、母孕期合并疾病、母孕期不良生活习惯、母孕期不良社会环境因素、阳性耳聋家族史、新生儿窒息等多种因素的影响。     

慢性心力衰竭院内感染病原菌监测及危险因素分析

目的:探究慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者医院感染的现状、病原菌分布及耐药情况,分析CHF患者发生医院内感染的危险因素。方法:选择2012年9月~2015年9月中心医院及开发区分院收治的390例CHF患者为研究对象,根据CHF患者是否发生医院内感染将其分为观察组(感染患者41例)和对照组(未感染患者349例);收集患者基线资料,对观察组患者进行病原菌培养及药敏实验,分析CHF患者发生医院内感染的危险因素。结果:CHF患者中医院感染的发生率为10.51%(41/390),感染部位以呼吸道19例(46.34%)和泌尿道12(29.27%)为主;前三位的病原菌为铜绿假单胞菌14株(29.79%)、大肠埃希菌11株(23.40%)和肺炎克雷伯菌8株(17.02%);铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢哌酮、美罗培南及亚胺培南均具有药物敏感性;年龄≥60岁(OR=2.26,P0.05)、住院时间≥2两个月(OR=5.12,P0.05)、有侵袭性操作(OR=7.45,P0.05)、病程长(OR=4.36,P0.05)是CHF患者发生医院内感染的危险因素。结论:CHF患者医院感染的发生率较高,年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥2个月、侵袭性操作及病程5年是CHF患者发生医院内感染的危险因素;应当针对患者医院感染特点及药敏实验结果,采取针对性的预防措施和对策,有效控制及降低医院感染的发生。     

伊宁地区维吾尔族和汉族3～5岁儿童重度龋危险因素的横断面调查

目的调查伊宁地区3~5岁维吾尔族和汉族儿童重度龋的流行情况及危险因素,为当地儿童龋病的防治提供科学依据。方法根据《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》,采用多阶段、分层、整群抽样的方法,随机抽取伊宁地区城乡16所幼儿园的3~5岁维、汉两族儿童808名,对其进行口腔检查,并向家长发放问卷,对儿童的喂养方式、饮食习惯等方面进行调查,数据采用Logistic回归分析方法分析。结果伊宁地区儿童龋病的患病率为81.93%,龋均为4.45,重度婴幼儿龋的患病率为38.86%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄更大[OR=2.235,P0.001]、刷牙后/睡前进食情况频率更高[OR=1.742,P=0.011]、吃饼干、蛋糕更频繁[OR=1.698,P0.001]、孩子看电视时间更长[OR=1.365,P=0.021]是重度婴幼儿龋的危险因素;刷牙次数更多[OR=0.590,P=0.001]、帮助孩子刷牙[OR=0.724,P=0.003]是重度婴幼儿龋的保护因素。结论伊宁地区3~5岁维、汉两族儿童重度龋的患病率较高,应引起父母、幼儿园幼师、医务工作者的关注,开展婴幼儿龋的早期防治工作,以期降低当地儿童龋病的患病率,提高口腔健康水平。     

儿童系统性红斑狼疮合并感染86例的临床分析

目的:探讨感染对儿童初发系统性红斑狼疮病情活动度的影响。方法:通过回顾性研究收集儿童系统性红斑狼疮病例86例,通过整理病史、体格检查及统计实验室检查结果等方法统计相关临床及实验室资料。根据以上资料分为感染组和对照组,通过比较分析两组资料探讨感染对初发儿童SLE病情活动度的影响情况。结果:1)SLE患儿感染发生率为52.3%,感染部位以呼吸道多见,占40%,其次为消化道和泌尿道,病原体以细菌多见,占62.2%,其次为支原体、病毒;2)感染组的ds-DNA、CD3~+CD8~+(Ts)细胞、CD3~-CD19~+(B)细胞、SLEDAI评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05);感染组补体数量明显低于对照组(P0.05),感染组抗感染治疗后,ds-DNA、CD3~+CD8~+(Ts)细胞、SLEDAI评分较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),而补体数量及CD3~-CD16~+CD56~+(%)细胞较治疗前明显上升(P0.05)。结论:儿童SLE患者较易合并感染,发病初期及合并感染会加重儿童系统性红斑狼疮的病情,及时有效控制感染有助于改善儿童SLE患者的病情。     

喀什市3～5岁维吾尔族、汉族儿童患龋情况及风险性评估

目的调查喀什市维吾尔族、汉族3~5岁儿童患龋情况及患龋风险因素的相关资料,建立儿童个体龋风险评估(caries risk assessment,CRA)模型,为当地儿童龋病风险性评估和制定综合防控计划提供样本及参考数据。方法采用分层、整群抽样的方式随机抽取喀什市3所幼儿园397名3~5岁健康儿童作为研究对象,进行口腔检查和龋风险评估。分别应用卡方检验、方差分析及Logistic回归分析方法对龋风险评估相关因素进行统计分析。结果 (1)喀什市3~5岁汉族与维吾尔族儿童分布在CAR低度组、中度组和高度组三组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=8.055,P=0.018)。(2)汉族与维吾尔族儿童的龋在不同CAR分度组的差异均具有统计学意义(F1=47.46,P=0.000;F2=74.5,P=0.000)。(3)汉族和维吾尔族在龋风险评估各组之间的患龋率差异有统计学意义(χ~2_1=98.21,P=0.000;χ~2_2=154.89,P=0.000)。(4)多因素Logistic回归分析风险评估相关因素结果显示:年龄更大[OR=1.769,P=0.001]、母亲患有龋齿[OR=2.274,P=0.004]、经常用奶瓶和牛奶或果汁[OR=0.705,P=0.000]、经常吃零食[OR=4.825,P=0.000]是婴幼儿龋的危险因素;刷牙[OR=0.319,P=0.019]、辅助儿童刷牙[OR=0.305,P=0.002]是婴幼儿龋的保护因素。结论喀什市3~5岁儿童患龋情况严重,龋风险评估高的儿童占大多数,应加强口腔健康教育,开展多种防龋措施。     

孤独症儿童生存质量、睡眠质量现状调查及睡眠障碍的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：分析孤独症儿童生存质量、睡眠质量现状,探讨其睡眠障碍的影响因素。方法：选择2017年1月至2019年12月期间我院收治的孤独症儿童100例作为研究组,另选同期于我院进行体检的健康儿童100例作为对照组,分别应用生存质量简易量表、社会支持评定量表、儿童睡眠质量调查问卷调查两组生存质量、社会支持情况、睡眠质量。应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析孤独症儿童睡眠障碍的影响因素。结果：研究组儿童生存质量简易量表的主观标准评分、客观标准评分及社会支持评定量表的主观支持评分、客观支持评分、对社会支持的利用度评分、总分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组入睡困难、睡眠不安、间断睡眠、夜惊、夜间尿床、打鼾、梦呓、梦游、张口呼吸、夜间磨牙、睡眠出汗发生率均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组梦魇发生率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组患儿中存在睡眠障碍的46例,无睡眠障碍的54例。单因素分析显示,睡眠障碍组父母关系差、家族精神病史、新生儿窒息史、出生体重<2500 g比例显著高于无睡眠障碍组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母关系差、有家族精神疾病史、有新生儿期窒息史、出生体重<2500 g是孤独症儿童睡眠障碍的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：与健康儿童相比,孤独症儿童生存质量、社会支持情况较差,睡眠障碍发生率也较高,父母关系差、有家族精神疾病史、有新生儿期窒息史、出生体重<2500 g是孤独症儿童睡眠障碍的危险因素。     

2014—2015年泉州地区手足口病的流行特征及临床特点

目的 调查泉州地区手足口病（HFMD）流行的特征,为该地区HFMD的防治提供参考。方法 分析2014年9月至2015年9月泉州地区HFMD的发病季节、地区、性别、年龄及不同类型病毒感染的情况。结果 泉州地区一年四季均有新发HFMD病例,发病高峰在4~7月,次高峰为9~10月。发病人群以散居儿童多见;其中男性患者占64.9%,女性患者占35.1%,男女发病比例为1.9∶1,总体发病率为0.2%。患者中<5岁的儿童占94.9%,其中1~2岁占54.3%。脑炎病例多数患者年龄<2岁,尤其以1~2岁为多发。咽拭子标本检测发现,66.5%为EV71感染,6.8%为CoxA16感染,26.7%为其他病毒感染。多数病人有多处皮疹。结论 泉州地区HFMD病例在夏秋季明显增多,人口密集的地区发病率较高,以EV71感染最为多见。5岁以下儿童,特别是1~2岁儿童为HFMD易感人群。     

First detection of human metapneumovirus in children with respiratory infections in Romania

The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was first isolated in 2001 in the Netherlands (Van der Hoogen and collaborators) from a nasopharyngeal aspirate sampled from an infant. Based on the morphological, biochemical and genetic characteristics, the hMPV was initially classified in the genus Metapneumovirus with the avian metapneumovirus (APV), the agent causing the respiratory infections of the upper tract in turkeys and other birds. Subsequently, together with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), it was classified in the Pneumovirus genus which is a part of the Pneumovirinae subfamily, the Paramyxoviridae family. The aim of the present study was to optimize hMPV molecular detection and to detect the virus in samples form children with respiratory infections in Romania. Two types of RTPCR commercial kits were evaluated for the detection of hMPV. Tests were performed on 28 pharyngeal exudates from children aged from 9 months to 6 years, which were negative for influenza viruses and for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Among the tested samples 7 (25%) have been positive for hMPV by RT-PCR. These results document for the first time that hMPV is circulating in Romania and causes respiratory infections, especially in newborns and children under 6 years old.     

569例呼吸道感染住院儿童7种常见呼吸道病毒病原学分析

目的 了解呼吸道感染住院患儿呼吸道病毒的分布情况。方法 选取2015年7月至2016年6月呼吸道感染的住院患儿病例,抽取鼻咽分泌物,采用直接免疫荧光法检测常见的7种病毒,即呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、甲型流感病毒（IVA）、乙型流感病毒（IVB）、副流感病毒1型（PIV1）、副流感病毒2型（PIV2）、副流感病毒3型（PIV3）、腺病毒（IVD）。结果 共有569例样本送检,193例病毒检测阳性（33.92%）,其中有3例为2种病毒的混合感染。男性共369例,女性共200例。其中RSV、PIV3、ADV的感染率居前三位。呼吸道病毒的感染率随着患儿年龄的增长逐渐下降,除新生儿外,6个月内的婴幼儿呼吸道病毒检出率最高。RSV检测阳性率自11月开始呈增高趋势,12月最高,达55.86%。PIV3的检出高峰出现在7月,达13.64%。结论 RSV是本地区儿童呼吸道感染最常见的病毒。呼吸道病毒的检出率与年龄、季节等因素有关。     

Detection of serum antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae by ELISA

Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections in children, adolescents and adults. We tried to evaluate the diagnostic value of detection of serum antibodies by ELISA for C. pneumoniae infections in Japanese children. Serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to C. pneumoniae were determined by the microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test. Serum IgG and IgA antibodies were also determined by ELISA test kits. Results obtained by ELISA were compared with those obtained by MIF test. IgG antibody to C. pneumoniae was detected in 135 (39.5%) by ELISA and in 125 (36.5%) by MIF out of 342 sera from Japanese infants and children without respiratory infections (aged from 2 months old to 15 years old). IgA antibody to C. pneumoniae was detected in 129 (37.7%) by ELISA and in 117 (34.2%) by MIF out of 342 sera tested. Of 342 specimens 113 were IgG-positive by ELISA and MIF (sensitivity: 90.4%, specificity: 89.9%, r = 0.853). Of 342 sera 28 had IgG antibody titers of 1:256 and none had titers 1:512 or higher by MIF. Of 28 infants and children a total of nine were less than 4 years of age. On the other hand, of 342 specimens 99 were IgA-positive by ELISA and MIF (sensitivity: 84.6%, specificity: 86.7%, r = 0.769). Of 342 sera 16 had IgA antibody titers of 1:256 or higher by MIF. Of 16 infants and children, ten were less than 4 years of age. ELISA had excellent sensitivity and specificity relative to MIF test for detection of IgC and IgA antibodies to C. pneumoniae . It was suggested that C. pneumoniae infection in Japanese infants and children under 4 years of age was not infrequent.     

Prophylactic efficacy of reaferon in viral hepatitis A and acute respiratory infections in children

Reaferon, the analog of human alpha 2-interferon obtained by gene engineering techniques, was studied with a view to its use for the prevention of hepatitis A. The study involved children of preschool age in Tashkent. In a strictly controlled trial children aged 2-6 years received the preparation orally in a dose of 1 X 10(6) I. U. or the diluent alone used as placebo. The preparation was administered to 1,100 children and the placebo to 1,078 children. The preparation and placebo were administered twice a week for two months. On the whole, during that period hepatitis A morbidity in both test and control groups of children was the same (5.1% and 4.9% respectively), but among children of nursery age receiving Reaferon the incidence of hepatitis A and acute respiratory viral infections was lower than among those receiving the placebo, though this difference was statistically significant only for cases of acute respiratory infections.     

Etiology of Maculopapular Rash in Measles and Rubella Suspected Patients from Belarus

As a result of successful implementation of the measles/rubella elimination program, the etiology of more and more double negative cases remains elusive. The present study determined the role of different viruses as causative agents in measles or rubella suspected cases in Belarus. A total of 856 sera sent to the WHO National Laboratory between 2009 and 2011 were tested for specific IgM antibodies to measles virus (MV), rubella virus (RV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19V). The negatives were further investigated for antibodies to enterovirus (EV) and adenovirus (AdV). Children of up to 3 years were tested for IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6). A viral etiology was identified in 451 (52.7%) cases, with 6.1% of the samples being positive for MV; 2.6% for RV; 26.2% for B19V; 9.7% for EV; 4.6% for AdV; and 3.6% for HHV6. Almost all measles and rubella cases occurred during limited outbreaks in 2011 and nearly all patients were at least 15 years old. B19V, EV and AdV infections were prevalent both in children and adults and were found throughout the 3 years. B19V occurred mainly in 3–10 years old children and 20–29 years old adults. EV infection was most common in children up to 6 years of age and AdV was confirmed mainly in 3–6 years old children. HHV6 infection was mostly detected in 6–11 months old infants. Laboratory investigation of measles/rubella suspected cases also for B19V, EV, AdV and HHV6 allows diagnosing more than half of all cases, thus strengthening rash/fever disease surveillance in Belarus.     

280例呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒病原学检出情况及流行规律分析

目的:了解呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒病原学检出情况及其流行规律,为儿童呼吸道感染的预防、诊断及治疗提供病原学依据。方法:选取2016年1月-2017年12月期间中国人民解放军中部战区总医院收治的280例呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,分析患儿呼吸道分泌物中呼吸道病毒的检出情况,并分析呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒感染与年龄、季节、疾病类型的关系。结果:280例呼吸道感染患儿中共检出98份阳性标本,阳性率为35.00%,其中有2份标本中检出2种病毒感染,混合感染阳性率为0.71%;在所有病毒类型中,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)病毒感染阳性率最高。1岁患儿的病毒感染阳性率最高,与其他年龄段病毒感染阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。呼吸道感染患儿春季、冬季的病毒感染阳性率明显高于夏季、秋季(P0.05)。不同呼吸道感染疾病类型患儿病毒感染阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),以喘息性肺炎、毛细支气管炎、肺炎患儿病毒感染阳性率较高。结论:RSV是呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒感染的主要致病病原体,1岁的婴幼儿较易感染,春季、冬季为其高发季节,且以肺炎、毛细支气管炎、喘息性肺炎患儿的病毒感染阳性率较高。     

Diarrhea,respiratory infections,protozoan gastrointestinal parasites,and child growth in Kathmandu,Nepal

The differential impact of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and protozoan parasitism on growth is investigated among children under five years of age living in periurban Kathmandu, Nepal. The children's parents are all carpet-making workers who live in an environment with crowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and contaminated water. Anthropometric data, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, were collected over a 9-month period. Morbidity data were gathered from maternal reports, and a subsample of children's stools were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. In a comparison of current growth status and growth velocity for children with and without diarrhea and respiratory infections, it is found that body weight is most affected by infections, particularly for children under 24 months of age. For a subsample of children whose stools were tested for parasites, there is a statistically significant association between stunting (low height-for-age) and the presence of a protozoan gastrointestinal parasite. It is concluded that although growth faltering is associated with diarrhea and respiratory infections, the impact of these infections is of less importance for long-term linear growth retardation than is infection by protozoan gastrointestinal parasites.     

Asthma Heredity,Cord Blood IgE and Asthma-Related Symptoms and Medication in Adulthood: A Long-Term Follow-Up in a Swedish Birth Cohort

Cord blood IgE has previously been studied as a possible predictor of asthma and allergic diseases. Results from different studies have been contradictory, and most have focused on high-risk infants and early infancy. Few studies have followed their study population into adulthood. This study assessed whether cord blood IgE levels and a family history of asthma were associated with, and could predict, asthma medication and allergy-related respiratory symptoms in adults. A follow-up was carried out in a Swedish birth cohort comprising 1,701 consecutively born children. In all, 1,661 individuals could be linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Medical Birth Register, and 1,227 responded to a postal questionnaire. Cord blood IgE and family history of asthma were correlated with reported respiratory symptoms and dispensed asthma medication at 32–34 years. Elevated cord blood IgE was associated with a two- to threefold increased risk of pollen-induced respiratory symptoms and dispensed anti-inflammatory asthma medication. Similarly, a family history of asthma was associated with an increased risk of pollen-induced respiratory symptoms and anti-inflammatory medication. However, only 8% of the individuals with elevated cord blood IgE or a family history of asthma in infancy could be linked to current dispensation of anti-inflammatory asthma medication at follow-up. In all, 49 out of 60 individuals with dispensed anti-inflammatory asthma medication at 32–34 years of age had not been reported having asthma at previous check-ups of the cohort during childhood. Among those, only 5% with elevated cord blood IgE and 6% with a family history of asthma in infancy could be linked to current dispensation of anti-inflammatory asthma medication as adults. Elevated cord blood IgE and a positive family history of asthma were associated with reported respiratory symptoms and dispensed asthma medication in adulthood, but their predictive power was poor in this long-time follow-up.     

儿童肺炎支原体咽拭子快速液体培养结果分析

目的分析儿童肺炎支原体（MP）咽拭子快速液体培养的结果及与患儿年龄以及季节的关系,为临床诊断、治疗肺炎支原体感染提供依据。方法选取深圳市宝安区人民医院1217例急性呼吸道感染的患儿,采用咽拭子快速液体培养基进行筛查,观察其阳性率。结果在1217例患儿中,共检出阳性281例,阳性率为23．09％。〈1岁、1～3岁、3～6岁和6～14岁各年龄组的阳性率分别为15．13％、26．52％、28．31％和18．07％;不同季节MP感染率分别为春23．75％,夏20．11％,秋18．61％,冬29．72％。1～3岁,3—6岁小儿感染率明显高于6—14和〈1岁儿童（P〈0．01）;冬春季阳性率较夏秋季高。结论MP快速液体培养鉴定对MP诊断具有重要的临床诊断价值。肺炎支原体感染全年均可发病,好发于冬季,以3—6岁小儿多见。