安氏Ⅱ类2分类错颌治疗后牙及齿槽位置的变化

安氏Ⅱ类2分类错颌是以磨牙远中关系、前牙深覆颌、闭锁颌为特征的一类错颌畸形。安氏Ⅱ类2分类对颞下颌关节功能、牙周组织健康的影响,以及其临床治疗的独特点,对其进行研究具有重要的临床意义。     

GMD 应用于安氏II 类错牙合非拔牙矫治的临床分析

目的:探讨安氏Ⅱ类错非拔牙矫治中GMD矫治器的疗效和适应症。方法:选择36例恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类病例,主要表现为以乳磨牙早失形成的磨牙近移或上牙列轻中度拥挤的的非拔牙患者为研究对象,通过运用GMD推磨牙装置远移磨牙开辟后牙间隙。结果:36例患者中除1例因上切牙唇倾致患者对面形不满意而改行拔牙矫治外其余患者均取得了较好的疗效。第一磨牙平均远移5.6mm,远移到位平均4-5个月。磨牙建立中性关系。结论:GMD装置是一种快速有效的推磨牙向后的矫治器,但要掌握好适应症才能取得成功。     

GMD应用于安氏II类错[牙合]非拔牙矫治的临床分析

目的：探讨安氏11类错[牙合]非拔牙矫治中GMD矫治器的疗效和适应症。方法：选择36例恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类病例,主要表现为以乳磨牙早失形成的磨牙近移或上牙列轻中度拥挤的的非拔牙患者为研究对象,通过运用GMD推磨牙装置远移磨牙开辟后牙间隙。结果：36倒患者中除1例因上切牙唇倾致患者对面形不满意而改行拔牙矫治外其余患者均取得了较好的疗效。第一磨牙平均远移5．6mm,远移到位平均4—5个月。磨牙建立中性关系。结论：GMD装置是一种快速有效的推磨牙向后的矫治器,但要掌握好适应症才能取得成功。     

T4K矫治器治疗替牙早期Ⅱ类错合患儿的临床疗效以及预后研究

目的:研究T4K矫治器治疗替牙早期Ⅱ类错合患儿的临床疗效以及预后。方法:选取从2015年2月到2017年3月在我院接受治疗的48例替牙早期Ⅱ类错合患儿进行研究。采用T4K矫治器治疗患儿6个月,对比患儿治疗前及治疗6个月后的模型测量值、X线头影测量数据以及上面高、下面高、下面高比例,随访3年,分析X线头颅侧位片的检测数据。结果:患儿治疗6个月后的前牙覆合值、前牙覆盖值、上牙弓拥挤度、下牙弓拥挤度均较治疗前明显更低,上牙弓宽度和下牙弓宽度较治疗前明显更高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗6个月后患儿的SNA角、ANB角以及U1-SN角和覆盖均较治疗前明显降低,SNB角、L1-MP角以及U1-L1角和下颌平面角均较治疗前明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗6个月后患儿的上面高、下面高以及下面高比例均较治疗前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。随访3年显示,ANB角和L1-MP角较治疗6个月后明显降低(P0.05),而SNB角、U1-L1角、下颌平面角、上面高、下面高、下面高比例、覆盖均较治疗6个月后明显增高(P0.05)。结论:应用T4K矫治器对替牙早期Ⅱ类错合患儿进行治疗的疗效较好,有利于其康复和预后,值得在临床上给予相应的推广。     

口腔正畸MIA技术对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形患者对龈沟液MMP-2表达水平的影响

目的:探讨口腔正畸微螺钉种植体支抗(Microscrew implant anchor,MIA)技术对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者对龈沟液基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-2表达水平的影响。方法:2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日选择在本院诊治的青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者86例,根据治疗方法把患者分为MIA组与对照组,各43例,对照组给予头帽口外弓支抗技术结合直丝弓矫治器治疗,MIA组给予MIA技术结合直丝弓矫治器治疗,检测龈沟液MMP-2表达水平变化情况。结果:MIA组正畸后6个月的总有效率为97.7%,显著高于对照组的81.4%(P<0.05)。两组正畸后6个月的SNA角、OB与OJ值低于正畸前,MIA组低于对照组(P<0.05),两组正畸前后SNB角在组内与组间对比差异都无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组正畸后6个月的龈沟液MMP-2值低于正畸前,MIA组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:口腔正畸MIA技术在青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者的应用能抑制龈沟液MMP-2的表达,有利于改善患者的头颅与牙齿的X线指标,从而促进提高治疗效果。     

基于CBCT检查的侧貌软硬组织变化评价正畸正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错𬌗畸形的有效性

摘要 目的：分析正畸正颌联合治疗骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形对患者锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）检查侧貌软硬组织变化的影响。方法：以2017年12月~2020年12月第四军医大学口腔医院（空军军医大学第三附属医院）收治的骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形患者50例为研究对象,所有患者均接受正畸正颌联合治疗,治疗后随访6个月。比较患者治疗前和随访6个月后侧貌软硬组织的角度和厚度、软硬组织标记点到垂直参考线的距离及随访6个月后上下颌中切牙牙根体积和根长减小量及减少百分比、上下颌中切牙的根颈部与根体部体积减小量及减少百分比。结果：随访6个月后,骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形患者上唇缘点垂直参考线（UL-VRL）、鼻唇角（NLA）、上中切牙点矢状面距离（DUI）、上唇缘点矢状面距离（DUL''）较治疗前升高,MLA、鼻下点前下交角（MP-SN）、L1-SN、下唇缘点垂直参考线（LL-VRL）、Pog-VRL、颏唇沟点矢状面距离（DBs）、颏前点矢状面距离（DPo）、软组织颏前点矢状面距离（DPos）、下中切牙点矢状面距离（DLI）、下唇缘点矢状面距离（DLL''）、颏前点至鼻根点一下齿槽座点连线的垂直距离（Po-NB）较治疗前降低（P<0.05）。随访6个月后,上中切牙牙根总体积、牙根顶端体积高于下中切牙（P<0.05）;根颈部上中切牙、下中切牙体积变化和体积减少百分比均低于根体部（P<0.05）。结论：正畸正颌联合治疗可改善骨性Ⅲ类错??畸形患者侧貌软硬组织,但可导致患者牙根吸收的发生。     

Angle Ⅱ~1类错畸形牙弓及基骨形态的测量分析

目的通过比较上海地区AngleⅡ1类及个别正常青少年牙、牙弓及基骨形态,为正畸临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法以上海地区个别正常青少年50例(男女各25例)为对照组;以AngleⅡ~1类50例(男女各25例)为实验组。分别测量牙量,牙弓宽度及长度,基骨宽度及长度。用SPSS.13.0统计软件对测量结果进行统计分析。结果(1)牙弓形态:实验组上颌中段和后段牙弓宽度显著减小,上颌前段,下颌各段牙弓宽度与对照组无显著差异。上下颌各段牙弓长度显著增加。(2)基骨形态:实验组上颌基骨宽度显著减小,基骨长度显著增加;下颌基骨形态与对照组无显著差异。(3)牙量:实验组上下颌牙量均显著增加。结论(1)AngleⅡ~1类患者未发现尖牙区和下颌牙弓狭窄,提示临床上尽量不要轻易扩展上颌尖牙区和下颌牙弓宽度。(2)AngleⅡ~1类患者上颌牙弓和基骨均显狭长。     

Angle Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]畸形牙弓及基骨形态的测量分析

目的 通过比较上海地区Angle Ⅱ1类及个别正常[牙合]青少年牙、牙弓及基骨形态,为正畸临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据.方法 以上海地区个别正常[牙合]青少年50例（男女各25例）为对照组 以Angle Ⅱ^1类50例（男女各25例）为实验组.分别测量牙量,牙弓宽度及长度,基骨宽度及长度.用SPSS.13.0统计软件对测量结果进行统计分析.结果 （1）牙弓形态：实验组上颌中段和后段牙弓宽度显著减小,上颌前段,下颌各段牙弓宽度与对照组无显著差异.上下颌各段牙弓长度显著增加.（2）基骨形态：实验组上颌基骨宽度显著减小,基骨长度显著增加 下颌基骨形态与对照组无显著差异.（3）牙量：实验组上下颌牙量均显著增加.结论 （1）Angle Ⅱ^1类患者未发现尖牙区和下颌牙弓狭窄,提示临床上尽量不要轻易扩展上颌尖牙区和下颌牙弓宽度.（2）Angle Ⅱ^1类患者上颌牙弓和基骨均显狭长.     

侵袭性牙周炎伴错牙合畸形患者牙周-正畸联合治疗前后血清SAA、leptin的变化及与牙周指标和辅助性T细胞亚群的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨侵袭性牙周炎伴错牙合畸形患者牙周-正畸联合治疗前后血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、瘦素（leptin）的变化及与牙周指标和辅助性T细胞（Th）亚群的相关性。方法：选择2020年6月-2022年8月解放军总医院京中医疗区黄寺门诊部口腔科收治的80例侵袭性牙周炎伴错牙合畸形患者（牙周炎组）和65例于口腔门诊检查的健康志愿者（对照组）。所有患者均接受牙周-正畸联合治疗,治疗前后分别检测血清SAA、leptin水平以及外周血中Th1、Th2、Th17细胞占比,并评估牙周指标变化。Pearson相关性分析血清SAA、leptin水平与牙周指标以及外周血中Th1、Th2、Th17细胞占比的相关性。结果：牙周炎组治疗前血清SAA、leptin水平,外周血Th1、Th17细胞占比,出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、附着丧失（AL）、牙周探诊深度（PD）高于对照组（P＜0.05）,外周血Th2细胞占比低于对照组（P＜0.05）。牙周炎组治疗后血清SAA、leptin水平,外周血Th1、Th17细胞占比,PLI、SBI、AL、PD较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,外周血Th2细胞占比较治疗前增高（P＜0.05）。牙周炎组血清SAA、leptin与PLI、SBI、AL、PD,外周血Th1、Th17细胞占比呈正相关,与外周血Th2细胞占比呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：侵袭性牙周炎伴错牙合畸形患者血清SAA、leptin水平增高,经牙周-正畸联合治疗后下降,高水平SAA、leptin与牙周组织破坏程度以及Th亚群紊乱有关,检测血清SAA、leptin水平可评估侵袭性牙周炎牙周组织破坏程度以及细胞免疫状态。     

对比分析不同矫治方法对青少年正畸患者唾液趋化因子、龈沟液炎症因子表达及牙周健康的影响

摘要 目的：对比分析不同矫治方法对青少年正畸患者唾液趋化因子、龈沟液炎症因子表达及牙周健康的影响。方法：选取我院2020年1月到2023年1月收治的100例正畸治疗的青少年患者,应用随机数字表法将其进行回顾性分析,其中30例患者采取Twin-Block矫治器进行治疗,将其分为Twin-Block组,30例患者采取直丝弓矫治器治疗,将其分为直丝弓组,40例患者采取无托槽隐性矫治器治疗,将其分为无托槽组。对比三组患者的矫正满意度,治疗前后唾液趋化因子、龈沟液炎症因子及牙周健康指标水平变化。结果：无托槽组咀嚼功能、美观程度、舒适性、方便程度满意度评分高于Twin-Block组和直丝弓组（P＜0.05）;矫治半年后,无托槽组CXCL13、CXCL11、CXCL10、CXCL8相关唾液趋化因子水平低于直丝弓组和Twin-Block组,Twin-Block组低于直丝弓组（P＜0.05）;三组患者矫治半年后,无托槽组IL-1β、TNF-α表达水平低于直丝弓组和Twin-Block组,Twin-Block组低于直丝弓组（P＜0.05）;矫治半年后,无托槽组CAL、PD、BI、PLI水平低于直丝弓组和Twin-Block组,Twin-Block组低于直丝弓组（P＜0.05）。结论：无托槽隐性矫治器在青少年正畸治疗患者满意度优于Twin-Block矫治器和直丝弓矫治器,但无托槽隐性矫治器治疗过程中对患者唾液趋化因子、牙龈雅正反应及牙周健康水平影响较小,临床可依照患者经济情况及对美观程度的要求综合选择。     

安氏Ⅰ类错合拔牙与非拔牙矫治对口唇形态影响的研究

目的：研究安氏Ⅰ类错合拔牙与非拔牙矫治对口唇形态的影响。方法：从直丝弓矫治的AngleⅠ类错合患者治疗前后的X线侧位片中随机选取拔除4个第一前磨牙患者15例（A组）,非拔牙矫治患者15例（B组）,经X线头影软组织测量分析比较矫治前后拔牙组与非拔牙组口唇形态的变化,对所得数据进行统计学处理。结果：拔牙矫治后上下唇的突度有明显改善,平均减少1.42和2.03mm;上下唇的长度也平均增加0.51和1.58mm;非拔牙矫治患者治疗后鼻唇角、下唇突度、上下唇长度均有增加,但矫治前后无统计学差异。结论：拔牙矫治有利于减小上下唇突度从而改善软组织侧貌。     

Definition of supertypes for HLA molecules using clustering of specificity matrices

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are encoded by extremely polymorphic genes and play a crucial role in immunity. However, not all genetically different MHC molecules are functionally different. Sette and Sidney (1999) have defined nine HLA class I supertypes and showed that with only nine main functional binding specificities it is possible to cover the binding properties of almost all known HLA class I molecules. Here we present a comprehensive study of the functional relationship between all HLA molecules with known specificities in a uniform and automated way. We have developed a novel method for clustering sequence motifs. We construct hidden Markov models for HLA class I molecules using a Gibbs sampling procedure and use the similarities among these to define clusters of specificities. These clusters are extensions of the previously suggested ones. We suggest splitting some of the alleles in the A1 supertype into a new A26 supertype, and some of the alleles in the B27 supertype into a new B39 supertype. Furthermore the B8 alleles may define their own supertype. We also use the published specificities for a number of HLA-DR types to define clusters with similar specificities. We report that the previously observed specificities of these class II molecules can be clustered into nine classes, which only partly correspond to the serological classification. We show that classification of HLA molecules may be done in a uniform and automated way. The definition of clusters allows for selection of representative HLA molecules that can cover the HLA specificity space better. This makes it possible to target most of the known HLA alleles with known specificities using only a few peptides, and may be used in construction of vaccines. Supplementary material is available at .     

安氏I类错合拔牙与非拔牙矫治对口唇形态影响的研究

目的:研究安氏Ⅰ类错合拔牙与非拔牙矫治对口唇形态的影响.方法:从直丝弓矫治的Angle Ⅰ类错合患者治疗前后的X线侧位片中随机选取拔除4个第一前磨牙患者15例(A组),非拔牙矫治患者15例(B组),经X线头影软组织测量分析比较矫治前后拔牙组与非拔牙组口唇形态的变化,对所得数据进行统计学处理.结果:拔牙矫治后上下唇的突度有明显改善,平均减少1.42和2.03 mm;上下唇的长度也平均增加0.51和1.58 mm;非拔牙矫治患者治疗后鼻唇角、下唇突度、上下唇长度均有增加,但矫治前后无统计学差异.结论:拔牙矫治有利于减小上下唇突度从而改善软组织侧貌.

Abstract：

Objictive: To investigate the effect of Angle Class Ⅰ malocclusion after orthodontic treatment, with and without extractions on lip position changes. Methods: 30 patients with Angle Class Ⅰ malocclusion were chosen. 15 patients were treated by 4 first-premolars extraction (Group A) and 15 patients were treated without extraction (Group B). The soft tissue X-ray cephalometric of the patients were measured before and after the treatment and compared statistically. Results: After the extraction treatment, the upper and lower projecting lip reduced by 1.42 mm and 2.03, mmrespectively. The length of the upper and lower lips increased by 0.51mm and 1.58mm, respectively. For the group B, the nasolabial angle, the lower lip protrusion, the length of upper and lower lips had been increased, though there had no statistical significance before and after treatment. Conclusions: After extraction treatment the upper and lower projecting lips decreased. The patients with extractment treatment had the facial aesthelics.     

MHC motif viewer

In vertebrates, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presents peptides to the immune system. In humans, MHCs are called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), and some of the loci encoding them are the most polymorphic in the human genome. Different MHC molecules present different subsets of peptides, and knowledge of their binding specificities is important for understanding the differences in the immune response between individuals. Knowledge of motifs may be used to identify epitopes, to understand the MHC restriction of epitopes, and to compare the specificities of different MHC molecules. Algorithms that predict which peptides MHC molecules bind have recently been developed and cover many different alleles, but the utility of these algorithms is hampered by the lack of tools for browsing and comparing the specificity of these molecules. We have, therefore, developed a web server, MHC motif viewer, that allows the display of the likely binding motif for all human class I proteins of the loci HLA A, B, C, and E and for MHC class I molecules from chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and mouse (Mus musculus). Furthermore, it covers all HLA-DR protein sequences. A special viewing feature, MHC fight, allows for display of the specificity of two different MHC molecules side by side. We show how the web server can be used to discover and display surprising similarities as well as differences between MHC molecules within and between different species. The MHC motif viewer is available at .     

Elicitin genes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis> are clustered and interspersed with various transposon-like elements

Sequencing and annotation of a contiguous stretch of genomic DNA (112.3 kb) from the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans revealed the order, spacing and genomic context of four members of the elicitin (inf) gene family. Analysis of the GC content at the third codon position (GC3) of six genes encoded in the region, and a set of randomly selected coding regions as well as random genomic regions, showed that a high GC3 value is a general feature of Phytophthora genes that can be exploited to optimize gene prediction programs for Phytophthora species. At least one-third of the annotated 112.3-kb P. infestans sequence consisted of transposons or transposon-like elements. The most prominent were four Tc3/gypsy and Tc1/copia type retrotransposons and three DNA transposons that belong to the Tc1/mariner, Pogo and PiggyBac groups, respectively. Comparative analysis of other available genomic sequences suggests that transposable elements are highly heterogeneous and ubiquitous in the P. infestans genome.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and MHC Class II on chondrocytes in arthritic joints from pigs experimentally infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Abstract This study set out to investigate the in vivo expression and distribution of the porcine homologues of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and MHC Class II as markers of chondrocyte activation during the development of chronic polyarthritis, which was experimentally induced in Landrace pigs by intra-articular injection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae . ICAM-1 was found to be strongly expressed in vivo on chondrocytes and synovial cells in arthritic joints but was not detected in cartilage from unaffected joints. Although the majority of ICAM-1 positive chondrocytes did not co-express MHC Class II, chondrocyte-type cells expressing both molecules were detected in the transition zone as the disease progressed, particularly at 5 months post-infection. At this stage infiltration of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes into the damaged cartilage was also apparent. ICAM-1 and MHC Class II are not constitutively expressed on porcine chondrocytes but appeared to be induced as arthritis progressed. The detection of these markers in the pig helps to establish the validity of this animal model for immunopathological studies.     

Physical and genetic mapping of the rainbow trout major histocompatibility regions: evidence for duplication of the class I region

One of the most unexpected discoveries in MHC genetics came from studies dealing with the teleost MHC. Initially discovered in zebrafish, the MHC class I and II regions of all bony fish are not linked. Previous segregation analysis in trout suggested that the class I and II regions reside on completely different chromosomes. To learn more about MHC genomics in trout, we have isolated BAC clones harboring class Ia and Ib loci, a single BAC clone containing an MH class II gene ( DAB), as well as BAC clones containing the ABCB2 gene. Upon PCR and sequence confirmation, BAC clones were labeled and used as probes for in situ hybridization on rainbow trout metaphase chromosomes for determination of the physical locations of the trout MH regions. Finally, SNPs, RFLPs, and microsatellites found within the BAC clones allowed for these regions to be assigned to specific linkage groups on the OSU x Hotcreek (HC) and OSU x Arlee (ARL) genetic linkage maps. Our data demonstrate that the trout MH regions are located on at least four different chromosomes and the corresponding linkage groups, while also providing direct evidence for the partial duplication of the MH class I region in trout.     

Major histocompatibility genes in the Lake Tana African large barb species flock: evidence for complete partitioning of class II B, but not class I, genes among different species

The 16 African large barb fish species of Lake Tana inhabit different ecological niches, exploit different food webs and have different temporal and spatial spawning patterns within the lake. This unique fish species flock is thought to be the result of adaptive radiation within the past 5 million years. Previous analyses of major histocompatibility class II B exon 2 sequences in four Lake Tana African large barb species revealed that these sequences are indeed under selection. No sharing of class II B alleles was observed among the four Lake Tana African large barb species. In this study we analysed the class II B exon 2 sequences of seven additional Lake Tana African large barb species and African large barbs from the Blue Nile and its tributaries. In addition, the presence and variability of major histocompatibility complex class I UA exon 3 sequences in six Lake Tana and Blue Nile African large barb species was analysed. Phylogenetic lineages are maintained by purifying or neutral selection on non-peptide binding regions. Class II B intron 1 and exon 2 sequences were not shared among the different Lake Tana African large barb species or with the riverine barb species. In contrast, identical class I UA exon 3 sequences were found both in the lacustrine and riverine barb species. Our analyses demonstrate complete partitioning of class II B alleles among Lake Tana African large barb species. In contrast, class I alleles remain for the large part shared among species. These different modes of evolution probably reflect the unlinked nature of major histocompatibility genes in teleost fishes.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at .An erratum to this article can be found at