青藤与毛青藤茎中青藤碱积累的组织化学研究

青藤及毛青藤茎中青藤碱积累的组织化学研究表明,青藤碱主要分布在皮层和接近维管形成层的射线细胞中,在髓鞘及细胞壁已木质化加厚的射线细胞内也有少量青藤碱分布,且木化的细胞壁中浸透着青藤碱。     

青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体的制备、表征及药动学研究

为制备青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体,并进行体外和SD大鼠体内评价。实验采用溶剂挥发法制备青藤碱磷脂复合物,乳化超声法制备青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体。考察其粒径分布、Zeta电位,包封率,载药量及体外释药等基本理化性质。SD大鼠分别灌胃给予青藤碱混悬液和青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体,比较药动学行为及生物利用度。结果显示,青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体的平均粒径为201.32±5.05 nm,Zeta电位为-22.2±1.5 mV,包封率为80.31±1.01%,载药量为4.42±0.28%,体外释药具有明显的缓释特征,体外释药模型符合Weibull释药模型,拟合方程为:LnLn(1/1-Mt/M∞)=0.576 6Lnt-1.478 1(r=0.988 8)。体内药动学研究结果表明,磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体改变了青藤碱的药动学行为,增强了体内吸收,延长了青藤碱在体内滞留时间,相对生物利用度提高到了1.75倍。因此,青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体可显著促进青藤碱体内吸收,提高其口服生物利用度。     

青藤碱抗炎作用的新进展

青藤碱是从青藤中提取的主要活性成分,具有广泛的药理作用。研究表明,青藤碱在炎症性疾病方面表现出较好的疗效。综述国内外关于青藤碱抗炎的药理作用机制的研究进展,并分析将来研究的方向,为研究与开发以青藤碱为原料的抗炎新药提供参考。     

青藤碱磷脂复合物的制备、表征及体外透皮研究

溶剂挥发法制备制备青藤碱磷脂复合物。对制备的磷脂复合物进行X射线衍射(XRD)和核磁共振(NMR)分析。采用改进Franz扩散池进行离体SD大鼠皮渗透实验,并考察其体外透皮特性。XRD结果显示青藤碱以无定型状态存在于磷脂复合物中。NMR图谱显示青藤碱与磷脂酰胆碱发生氢键或分子间作用力。SD大鼠透皮实验显示青藤碱,磷脂复合物的渗透速率、增渗倍数及12 h内的累积渗透量均大于青藤碱原料药。因此,磷脂复合物能明显提高青藤碱的经皮透过量。     

青藤碱对慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠炎症反应及P38Mapk信号通路的影响

目的:观察青藤碱对慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠炎症反应及P38Mapk信号通路的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、青藤碱高、低剂量组。对照组组给予生理盐水灌胃,青藤碱低、中、高剂量组分别给予青藤碱40、80、160mg/kg灌胃,28天后处死。realtime RT-PCR法和western blot法检测肿瘤组织中TNF-、IL-6 mRNA和TNF-、IL-6、p-P38 MAPK蛋白的表达。结果:青藤碱能明显降低慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠前列腺组织中TNF-、IL-6 mRNA和TNF-、IL-6、p-P38 MAPK蛋白的表达。结论:青藤碱能抑制慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠前列腺炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制P38 MAP信号通路有关。     

青藤碱对慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠炎症反应及P38Mapk信号通路的影响

目的：观察青藤碱对慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠炎症反应及P38Mapk信号通路的影响。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、青藤碱高、低剂量组。对照组组给予生理盐水灌胃,青藤碱低、中、高剂量组分别给予青藤碱40,80、160mg／kg灌胃,28天后处死。realtimeRT-PCR法和westernblot法检测肿瘤组织中TNF-、IL-6rnR_NA和TNF-、IL-6、P—P38MAPK蛋白的表达。结果：青藤碱能明显降低慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠前5,1腺组织中TNF-、IL-6mRNA和TNF-、IL-6、p-P38MAPK蛋白的表达。结论：青藤碱能抑制慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠前列腺炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制P38MAP信号通路有关。     

青藤碱对吗啡依赖与戒断小鼠脑组织nNOS活性的影响

目的:观察青藤碱对吗啡依赖与戒断小鼠中枢神经系统中大脑皮层、小脑、脑干的nNOS活性变化的影响。方法:剂量递增法建立小鼠吗啡依赖模型,青藤碱治疗前后用纳洛酮催瘾,观察戒断症状;化学比色法测各脑组织匀浆的nNOS活性。结果:青藤碱可扭转成瘾小鼠的体重下降趋势,减轻戒断症状;使由吗啡依赖与戒断引起异常变化的nNOS活性水平恢复到最终接近对照组水平。结论:青藤碱能显著减轻吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断征状,其机制可能与青藤碱影响各脑组织nNOS活性相关。     

药用植物内生菌对青藤碱的微生物转化筛选

为了获得具有抗炎活性的青藤碱衍生物,建立了药用植物内生菌对青藤碱的生物转化模型,从84株药用植物内生菌中筛选出5株对青藤碱具有转化能力的菌株,利用TLC和NMR技术对转化产物进行了结构鉴定,确认为(S)-disinomenine,(R)-disinomenine和sinomenine N-oxide。生物转化为青藤碱的结构改造提供了研究方向。     

盐酸青藤碱诱导黏连性膝关节强直家兔成纤维细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的 观察盐酸青藤碱对膝关节黏连强直的家兔成纤维细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响,并进一步尝试探讨其对抗膝关节黏连强直的作用机制。方法 以体外培养法培养成纤维细胞,并设对照组、盐酸青藤碱低中高浓度实验组。CCK-8法检测成纤维细胞增殖的情况;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR）法检测经过盐酸青藤碱处理后,成纤维细胞相关基因mRNA表达的改变,用ELISA法检测药物的作用对血清中炎症因子等水平的影响,蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测相关蛋白质的表达。结果 盐酸青藤碱能降低成纤维细胞存活率,且随浓度升高存活率逐渐降低。盐酸青藤碱中各个组的效果均十分明显（P<0.05）。在相关基因的mRNA表达层面,与对照组比较,盐酸青藤碱各组炎症因子均显著下调（P<0.05）,凋亡蛋白的表达量显著上升、Bcl-2的mRNA表达量下降（P<0.05）,而PI3K/mTOR/AKT3信号通路分子的mRNA表达量均下降（P<0.05）。在蛋白质表达层面,与对照组相比较,中、高剂量盐酸青藤碱组血清中炎症因子IL-6、IL-...     

超声法从青风藤根中提取青藤碱

以苯为溶剂采用超声法对青风藤根进行提取,超声提取物经活性碳脱色纯化和重结晶即可得产品青藤碱。对所得产品经IR和HPLC法进行了定性和定量分析,在最佳提取条件下青藤碱的产率为2．12％,含量为98．73％。该方法从青风藤根中提取分离青藤碱具有操作简便,能耗低,生产成本低等优点。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.