双能量增强CT扫描对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨双能量增强CT扫描诊断非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)纵隔淋巴结转移的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2017年5月至2019年5月接诊的100例行肺部双能量增强CT扫描的NSCLC患者临床资料,根据术后病理诊断是否发生纵膈淋巴结转移将患者转移组(42例)和未转移组(58例)。比较组间能谱曲线斜率(λHU)、淋巴结与原发癌灶能谱曲线斜率比值(简称斜率比值)、碘浓度(IC)、水浓度(WC)、标准化碘浓度(NIC)、标准化水浓度(NWC)差异,Logistic回归分析双能CT参数与NSCLC发生纵膈淋巴结转移的相关性,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析双能CT参数诊断NSCLC发生纵膈淋巴结转移的效能。结果:转移组λHU、斜率比值、IC、NIC均低于未转移组(P0.05),转移组λHU、IC、WC、NIC、NWC与原发病灶比较均无统计学差异(P0.05),未转移组λHU、IC、NIC高于原发病灶(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示λHU、斜率比值、IC、NIC均与纵膈淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。ROC分析结果显示λHU、斜率比值、IC、NIC诊断NSCLC纵膈淋巴结转移的AUC分别为0.849、0.871、0.838、0.860,灵敏度分别为80.95%、85.71%、78.57%、83.33%,特异度分别为79.31%、84.48%、81.03%、82.76%。结论:双能量增强CT扫描检查有助于提高NSCLC淋巴结转移准确率。     

能谱CT动态增强后单能量CT值、能谱曲线形态及斜率在肾上腺腺瘤与非腺瘤诊断中的应用初探

目的:研究能谱CT动态增强后肾上腺肿瘤单能量CT值、能谱曲线形态及斜率差异的临床价值。方法:应用能谱分析软件处理腺瘤(45个)与非腺瘤(20个)CT动态增强资料,均经手术病理和/或临床资料证实。分别测量腺瘤与非腺瘤在28 s、60 s、180 s时间点的11个单能量点(40~140ke V)CT值、记录能谱曲线形态并计算其低能量段(40~100 ke V)的斜率。结果:在各个时间点,腺瘤与非腺瘤各单能量点CT值差异无统计学意义(P0.05),能谱曲线形态为速降形、缓降形、近似直线形、勺形及弓形五种(p0.05)。在60 s,二者能谱曲线斜率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而在28 s与180 s,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:能谱CT动态增强后肾上腺腺瘤与非腺瘤能谱曲线形态及在60 s时低能量段能谱曲线斜率存在差异,可能有助于二者鉴别。     

基于CT血管成像的血流储备分数对肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨基于CT血管成像的血流储备分数对肺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:2018年1月到11月选择在本院进行诊治的肺癌患者60例,所有患者都给予常规CT检查与CT血管成像,记录成像特征与相关血流储备分数-血流量(blood flow,BF)、血容量(blood volume,BV)、平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT),判断诊断价值。结果:在60例患者中,病理确诊为淋巴结转移20例,非淋巴结转移40例。转移组的毛刺征、分叶征、棘突征、空泡征等CT征象发生率显著高于非转移组(P0.05)。转移组的肺动脉BF、BV值显著低于非转移组(P0.05),MTT值显著高于非转移组(P0.05)。在60例患者中,Spearman相关分析显示淋巴结转移与MTT成显著正相关性(P0.05),与BF、BV值成显著负相关性(P0.05)。结论:CT血管成像在肺癌中的应用能反映患者的血流储备分数状况,有利于判断患者的淋巴结转移情况,有很好的应用价值。     

直径大于3厘米的周围型肺癌血流动力学的多排螺旋CT动态增强扫描研究

目的:研究直径3厘米以上周围型肺癌血流动力学的螺旋CT(电子计算机断层扫描,Computed Tomography)动态增强扫描的特点。方法:选取我院收治的肿瘤直径3 cm的周围型肺癌患者55例,肺部腺瘤(良性)患者10例,肺部炎性结节患者26例。分别进行螺旋CT动态增强扫描,记录其CT值、强化峰值(Peak enhancement,PH),绘制动态增强时间-密度曲线,计算并比较曲线最大增强线性斜率(steepes slope,SS)以及血流灌注量(blood perfusion,BP)。结果:肺部炎性结节患者的密度曲线在120 s达到最大值;肺癌患者的密度曲线至65 s达到高峰;胸腺瘤患者的密度曲线变化不明显。肺癌组PH平均值大于胸腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸腺瘤组PH平均值小于肺部炎性结节组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肺癌组SS和BP大于胸腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸腺瘤组SS和BP小于肺部炎性结节组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT动态增强扫描能够反映直径3厘米以上周围型肺癌的血流动力学特点从而有助于在肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

52例肺腺癌的临床表现及影像学分析

目的:探讨肺腺癌的临床表现及影像学特点。方法:回顾性分析52例肺腺癌的临床表现及影像学资料,从该病的临床表现、影像学特点进行归纳及总结性研究。结果:52例肺腺癌患者主要症状为咳嗽、咯血、胸闷和其他转移病灶表现,转移多见于脑、肝、骨骼、肾上腺等,发生淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率明显下降;47例患者行普通X线胸片检查,6例未见明显异常病灶,13例为中心型肺癌,25例为周围型肺癌,3例为细支气管-肺泡癌;52例患者均行CT扫描检查,各叶均可发生,病灶呈圆形、椭圆形、分叶状,病灶大多边缘有切迹、细小毛刺或棘状突起者。结论:结合临床表现,CT能够较准确的对肺癌做出诊断,组织病理学检查可确诊为肺腺癌     

肺部炎性假瘤的CT影像学表现及其鉴别诊断价值

目的:分析肺部炎性假瘤的高分辨率CT影像学表现极其鉴别诊断的价值。方法:收集2012年4月-2015年4月我院收治的59例经手术病理检查证实为肺部炎性假瘤的患者为病例组,并于同一时期随机选取80例周围型肺癌患者为对照组。比较两组患者的高分辨率CT影像学特征,并分析各种影像学特征与肺部炎性假瘤的关系。结果:病例组刀切征、桃尖征及延迟期持续强化的发生率高于对照组,分叶征的发生率低于对照组(均P0.05)。多因素Spearman的秩相关分析发现,刀切征、桃尖征及延迟期持续强化与肺部炎性假瘤诊断呈正相关关系(r=0.738,0.829,0.763,均P0.05),分叶征与肺部炎性假瘤的诊断呈负相关关系(r=-0.791,P0.05)。结论:CT影像学表现中的刀切征、分叶征、桃尖征及延迟期持续强化对肺部炎性假瘤具有较高的鉴别诊断价值,可作为临床辅助诊断肺部炎性假瘤的重要影像学资料。     

多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌患者的诊断价值

目的:研究多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年9月在我院确诊的肺结核合并肺癌患者32例和单纯肺结核患者39例应用多层螺旋CT扫描患者肺部病变情况。结果:肺结核合并肺癌组:陈旧性肺结核28例、活动性肺结核4例;病灶位置经典部位29例、非经典部位3例,合并鳞癌11例、腺癌13例、小细胞癌5例、未分化癌3例;10例结核病灶与肺癌病灶不同侧、13例结核病灶与肺癌病灶同侧不同叶、9例结核病灶于肺癌病灶同侧同叶。单纯性肺结核组胨旧性肺结核36例、活动性肺结核3例;病灶位置经典部位34例(上叶尖段11例、后段9例、下叶背段14例)、非经典部位5例。肺结核合并肺癌组患者分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、阻塞性肺炎及肺不张以及棘状突起比例高于单纯肺结核组,而空泡影比例低于单纯肺结核组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组钙化、斑片条索影、结节影以及空洞或空腔比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌具有较高的临床鉴别诊断价值。     

宝石能谱CT的功能特点及心血管检查的临床应用

宝石能谱CT拥有一系列独特的技术,包括宝石探测器、高压发射器、ASIR重组技术、能谱栅技术等,使其具有低剂量高清成像、能谱成像和动态500排成像特点,实现了全身0.23mm的极限空间分辨率和类MRI的软组织低密度分辨率,为心脏能量成像、斑块性质的鉴别及金属伪影的消除提供了全新有效的手段。其特有的高纯度和高通透性的物理学特性,再加上影像链中采样率的增高,专有的高清算法,使得宝石能谱CT能够在更低的剂量下,获得更为清晰的图像质量,达到目前业内最高的空间分辨率和密度分辨率;同时,其独有的能谱栅成像技术,将CT诊断从形态学带入功能学领域,因此也被称为"显微CT,病理CT,绿色CT",宝石能谱CT代表了目前CT发展的趋势,它用准确的绝对CT值的单能量成像(keV)诊断和基物质成像诊断来取代传统的相对CT值的混合能量(kVp)成像诊断,用多参数CT成像诊断来代替传统的单参数CT成像诊断,而"三同"(同时、同源、同向)的物理基础保证了其能谱成像的准确性,使CT能谱成像真正走入了临床诊断的第一线,从而提高了心血管疾病诊断的准确性和安全性。为CT在心脏疾病的诊断方面开拓了新领域和新方法。     

磁共振成像对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值。方法:选择2016年9月-2019年4月南京医科大学附属脑科医院(胸科院区)放射科收治的肺部结节患者74例,包括病理证实为肺部良性病变54例(良性组)和非小细胞肺癌20例(肺癌组)。所有患者都给予常规MRI、增强MRI与磁共振扩散加权成像(Diffusion weighted imaging,DWI),记录影像学特征并评估其诊断价值。结果:肺癌组的病灶形态、边缘等MRI特征与良性组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在b值=0、600、800、1000 s/mm~2条件下,肺癌组的病灶表观扩散系数(Apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值都显著低于良性组(P0.05)。肺癌组的病灶MRI增强Ⅰ型+Ⅱ型比例显著高于良性组(P0.05)。MRI鉴别诊断非小细胞肺癌的敏感性与特异性为98.1%和94.4%。结论:MRI用于非小细胞肺癌的诊断能反映病灶组织的血流动力学与水分子活动状况,具有较高的诊断敏感性与特异性。     

CEA和CYFRA21-1在原发性肺癌诊断中的应用价值分析

目的:评价血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)和细胞角蛋白19的片段(CYFRA21-1)水平对原发性肺癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月~2013年5月我科收治的329例肺癌患者和192例肺部良性病变患者的临床资料。结果:肺癌患者血清CEA或CYFRA21-1水平随着肺癌的分期呈现逐渐上升的趋势(P0.001,P0.01)。以血清CEA≥3.4μg/L作为诊断条件诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异度和阳性预计值预计值分别为67%、62%和75.2%;以血清CYFRA-21≥5.0 ug/L作为诊断条件诊断原发性肺癌的灵敏度、特异度和阳性预计值预计值分别为48%、87%和86.3%;以血清CEA≥3.4 ug/L和CYFRA-21≥5.0 ug/L共同作为诊断条件推断原发性肺癌的灵敏度、特异度和阳性预计值预计值分别为48%、87%和86.3%;良性肺部疾病患者中血清CEA和CYFRA-21水平同时升高者只有2%。结论:血清CEA≥3.4 ug/L和CYFRA-21≥5.0 ug/L同时升高对肺癌有具有重要的诊断价值,可有效的鉴别原发性肺癌与其它良性病变。     

Spectral CT Imaging of Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation of Image Quality and Status of Lymph Nodes

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate image quality and status of lymph nodes in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients using spectral CT imaging.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-eight patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCCs were scanned with spectral CT mode in venous phase. The conventional 140-kVp polychromatic images and one hundred and one sets of monochromatic images were generated ranging from 40 keV to 140 keV. The mean optimal keV was calculated on the monochromatic images. The image quality of the mean optimal keV monochromatic images and polychromatic images was compared with two different methods including a quantitative analysis method and a qualitative analysis method. The HU curve slope (λ_HU) in the target lymph nodes and the primary lesion was calculated respectively. The ratio of λ_HU was studied between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes group.

Results

A total of 38 primary lesions were included. The mean optimal keV was obtained at 55±1.77 keV on the monochromatic images. The image quality evaluated by two different methods including a quantitative analysis method and a qualitative analysis method was obviously increased on monochromatic images than polychromatic images (p<0.05). The ratio of λ_HU between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes was significantly different in the venous phase images (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The monochromatic images obtained with spectral CT can be used to improve the image quality of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC and the N-staging accuracy. The quantitative ratio of λ_HU may be helpful for differentiating between metastatic and non-metastatic cervical lymph nodes.     

机化性肺炎患者的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检及其临床诊治分析

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对机化性肺炎患者的诊断价值,并总结机化性肺炎的临床诊治经验。方法:回顾性分析2015年7月-2017年9月在南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院住院行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检取得肺部病灶组织确诊为机化性肺炎的14例患者,所有患者行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,总结机化性肺炎患者的临床诊治经验。结果:14例机化性肺炎患者平均年龄为59岁,平均起病时间为21天。主要临床症状以发热、咳嗽、咳痰为主。6例肺部听诊可闻及湿啰音。影像学检查主要表现为肺部斑片状不均匀密度增高影。所有患者初次就诊时均未首先诊断考虑机化性肺炎。所有患者入院后均行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术,术后病理均确诊为机化性肺炎,术中3例出现少量气胸,4例出现少量出血,予吸氧止血等对症处理后好转。14例患者予糖皮质激素治疗后,主要临床症状改善,影像学检查均较前吸收好转。结论:对于持续性干咳、呼吸困难、发热病人,抗生素疗效差,影像学显示片状或块状影病灶,特别是游走性斑片阴影,需要高度警惕机化性肺炎。CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检可作为明确机化性肺炎诊断的首选方法。机化性肺炎对糖皮质激素治疗敏感,可出现可逆性的好转,一旦确诊,建议及早使用糖皮质激素治疗。     

肺癌患者肺动脉和支气管动脉CTA的临床研究

目的:对比分析肺癌患者和肺部非癌性病变肺动脉和主支气管动脉CTA特点。方法:回顾性统计分析82例行高度怀疑肺癌患者的肺部CTA,经病理证实肺癌54例,肺结核球28例,同时选择对照组22例。对比分析肺动脉(Pulmonary artery,PA)内径、主支气管动脉(Bronchial artery,BA)显影率和及其各级分支显影率。结果:肺癌组、肺结核球组和对照组左主支气管动脉显影率分别为83.3%、77.7%和72.7%。右主支气管动脉显影率87.0%、83.3%和68.1%。肺癌组左右主支气管动脉清晰显影率高于肺结核球组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。左右两侧肺癌组PA内径明显大于结核球和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。左右侧肺癌组PA显影分级明显高于结核球和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。左右双侧PA主干内径差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肺部癌性病灶动脉供血增加,肺动脉和支气管动脉CTA能够显示肺癌病灶供血情况,可用于临床辅助鉴别诊断影像学不能确诊的肺部病变。     

能谱CT成像对甲状腺癌局部浸润深度的诊断价值及其定量参数与肿瘤组织中Ki67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨能谱CT成像对甲状腺癌局部浸润深度的诊断价值及其定量参数与肿瘤组织中Ki67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR的相关性。方法：回顾性分析2018年6月-2021年6月我院经手术或穿刺活检病理证实为甲状腺肿瘤性病变的患者96例，其中29例为甲状腺癌局部浸润组（A组），34例为甲状腺癌无浸润组（B组），33例为甲状腺腺瘤组（C组）。另取56例甲状腺另一侧叶正常组织作为对照组（D组）。所有患者均完善能谱CT检查，采集图像后在能谱CT Viewer分析软件上测量病变区碘浓度，计算能谱曲线斜率。采用免疫组织化学染色分析Ki-67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR的表达情况。采用Spearman秩相关分析评价碘浓度、能谱曲线斜率与甲状腺癌肿瘤组织中Ki-67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR表达的相关性。结果：在平扫、动脉期、静脉期，A组、B组、C组和D组的碘浓度逐渐增大，两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。甲状腺癌局部浸润组织能谱曲线呈"低平型"，斜率为较小负值，正常甲状腺组织能谱曲线为下降型，斜率为负值；在平扫、动脉期、静脉期，A组、B组、C组和D组的能谱曲线斜率逐渐变小，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。A组中Ki-67、VEGF、CD34和EGFR的阳性表达率均高于B组和C组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。碘浓度在动脉期、静脉期与Ki-67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR表达呈正相关（P＜0.05），碘浓度在平扫与Ki-67表达呈正相关（P＜0.05），碘浓度在平扫与VEGF、CD34、EGFR表达无相关性（P＞0.05）。能谱曲线斜率在动脉期、静脉期与Ki-67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR表达呈正相关（P＜0.05），能谱曲线斜率在平扫与VEGF表达呈正相关（P＜0.05），能谱曲线斜率在平扫与Ki-67、CD34、EGFR表达无相关性（P＞0.05）。结论：能谱CT成像检查对甲状腺癌局部浸润深度的判断具有重要的价值，其定量参数碘浓度、能谱曲线斜率与Ki67、VEGF、CD34、EGFR具有相关性，可间接反映肿瘤微血管、肿瘤血管生成、甲状腺癌分化程度、浸润程度等情况，对评价甲状腺癌生物学行为可提供有价值的信息。     

Respiratory Motion Reduction in PET/CT Using Abdominal Compression for Lung Cancer Patients

Purpose

Respiratory motion causes substantial artifacts in reconstructed PET images when using helical CT as the attenuation map in PET/CT imaging. In this study, we aimed to reduce the respiratory artifacts in PET/CT images of patients with lung tumors using an abdominal compression device.

Methods

Twelve patients with lung cancer located in the middle or lower lobe of the lung were recruited. The patients were injected with 370 MBq of ¹⁸F-FDG. During PET, the patients assumed two bed positions for 1.5 min/bed. After conducting free-breathing imaging, we obtained images of the patients with abdominal compression by applying the same setup used in the free-breathing scan. The differences in the standardized uptake value (SUV)_max, SUV_mean, tumor volume, and the centroid of the tumors between PET and various CT schemes were measured.

Results

The SUV_max and SUV_mean derived from PET/CT imaging using an abdominal compression device increased for all the lesions, compared with those obtained using the conventional approach. The percentage increases were 18.1% ±14% and 17% ±16.8% for SUV_max and SUV_mean, respectively. PET/CT imaging combined with abdominal compression generally reduced the tumor mismatch between CT and the corresponding attenuation corrected PET images, with an average decrease of 1.9±1.7 mm over all the cases.

Conclusions

PET/CT imaging combined with abdominal compression reduces respiratory artifacts and PET/CT misregistration, and enhances quantitative SUV in tumor. Abdominal compression is easy to set up and is an effective method used in PET/CT imaging for clinical oncology, especially in the thoracic region.     

Improving Image Quality of Bronchial Arteries with Virtual Monochromatic Spectral CT Images

Objective

To evaluate the clinical value of using monochromatic images in spectral CT pulmonary angiography to improve image quality of bronchial arteries.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the chest CT images of 38 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced spectral CT. These images included a set of 140kVp polychromatic images and the default 70keV monochromatic images. Using the standard Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) viewer on an advanced workstation (AW4.6,GE Healthcare), an optimal energy level (in keV) for obtaining the best contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the artery could be automatically obtained. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), CNR and objective image quality score (1–5) for these 3 image sets (140kVp, 70keV and optimal energy level) were obtained and, statistically compared. The image quality score consistency between the two observers was also evaluated using Kappa test.

Results

The optimal energy levels for obtaining the best CNR were 62.58±2.74keV.SNR and CNR from the 140kVp polychromatic, 70keV and optimal keV monochromatic images were (16.44±5.85, 13.24±5.52), (20.79±7.45, 16.69±6.27) and (24.9±9.91, 20.53±8.46), respectively. The corresponding subjective image quality scores were 1.97±0.82, 3.24±0.75, and 4.47±0.60. SNR, CNR and subjective scores had significant difference among groups (all p<0.001). The optimal keV monochromatic images were superior to the 70keV monochromatic and 140kVp polychromatic images, and there was high agreement between the two observers on image quality score (kappa>0.80).

Conclusions

Virtual monochromatic images at approximately 63keV in dual-energy spectral CT pulmonary angiography yielded the best CNR and highest diagnostic confidence for imaging bronchial arteries.     

不同放射剂量CT在早期非小细胞肺癌中筛检价值对比

摘要 目的：探讨与对比不同放射剂量计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)在早期非小细胞肺癌中筛检价值。方法：2020年1月到2020年12月选择在本院经病理确诊为肺内磨玻璃样结节患者98例作为研究对象,所有患者都给予常规剂量正电子发射计算机断层扫描(Positron emission tomography,PET)/CT检查与低剂量PET/CT检查,记录成像特征、辐射剂量并判定筛检价值。结果：低剂量PET/CT对肺部增厚、边界不规则、钙化、囊变的检出率高于常规剂量PET/CT(P<0.05)。低剂量PET/CT与常规剂量PET/CT的图像质量优良率为98.0 %和96.9 %,对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低剂量PET/CT的有效放射剂量、剂量长度乘积低于常规剂量PET/CT(P<0.05)。低剂量PET/CT的最大标准摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax)值低于常规剂量PET/CT(P<0.05)。低剂量PET/CT与常规剂量PET/CT分别筛检非小细胞肺癌51例与37例,筛检敏感性分别为98.1 %和69.2 %,特异性分别为100.0 %和97.8 %。结论：低放射剂量PET/CT在肺结节中的应用不会影响图像质量,且能降低辐射剂量,提高对早期非小细胞肺癌患者的筛检效果。     

肿瘤/肝脏比值在~(18)F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像在肺癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像在肺癌病灶的检测能力以及肿瘤/肝脏比值对肺部良恶性病灶及胸部小病灶诊断的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年4月期间于西安交通大学第一附属医院行18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像的肺癌疑诊患者41例CT测量肺部原发病灶最大直径4.16±2.81厘米(最小直径1.3厘米,最大直径16厘米),以病理结果作为判断标准,通过t检验及接受者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)研究18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像对肺部病灶、肺及纵膈小病灶的诊断价值。结果:18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像肺部良恶性病灶的肿瘤/肌肉(T/N)、肿瘤/肝脏(T/L)比值差异均具有显著统计学意义(P0.01),T/L比值在肺部良恶性病灶和肺及纵膈最大横径小于3 cm的病灶ROC曲线的曲线下面积分别为0.857、0.810,均大于T/N比值相应的ROC曲线下面积(分别为0.825、0.760)。T/N=3.5为界值时,诊断肺部病灶的灵敏度为90%,特异度为71.4%,准确度为0.614;诊断最大横径小于3 cm病灶的灵敏度为70%,特异度为80%,准确度为0.50。T/L=2.3时诊断肺部病灶的灵敏度为80%,特异度为85.7%,准确度为0.657。T/L=1.6时诊断最大横径小于3 cm病灶的灵敏度为90%,特异度为80%,准确度为0.70。结论:T/N=3.5为界值时,对于肺部病灶及肺及最大横径小于3 cm病灶良恶性的鉴别能力较好。T/L比值对于肺部良恶性病灶和肺及纵膈最大横径小于3 cm的病灶诊断价值均高于传统常用的T/N比值,具有较高的准确性,可以良好的应用于18F-FDG符合线路SPECT/CT显像对肺癌的诊断中。     

Measurement and theory of wheezing breath sounds

We measured the time and frequency domain characteristics of breath sounds in seven asthmatic and three nonasthmatic wheezing patients. The power spectra of the wheezes were evaluated for frequency, amplitude, and timing of peaks of power and for the presence of an exponential decay of power with increasing frequency. Such decay is typical of normal vesicular breath sounds. Two patients who had the most severe asthma had no exponential decay pattern in their spectra. Other asthmatic patients had exponential patterns in some of their analyzed sound segments, with a range of slopes of the log power vs. log frequency curves from 5.7 to 17.3 dB/oct (normal range, 9.8-15.7 dB/oct). The nonasthmatic wheezing patients had normal exponential patterns in most of their analyzed sound segments. All patients had sharp peaks of power in many of the spectra of their expiratory and inspiratory lung sounds. The frequency range of the spectral peaks was 80-1,600 Hz, with some presenting constant frequency peaks throughout numerous inspiratory or expiratory sound segments recorded from one or more pickup locations. We compared the spectral shape, mode of appearance, and frequency range of wheezes with specific predictions of five theories of wheeze production: 1) turbulence-induced wall resonator, 2) turbulence-induced Helmholtz resonator, 3) acoustically stimulated vortex sound (whistle), 4) vortex-induced wall resonator, and 5) fluid dynamic flutter. We conclude that the predictions by 4 and 5 match the experimental observations better than the previously suggested mechanisms. Alterations in the exponential pattern are discussed in view of the mechanisms proposed as underlying the generation and transmission of normal lung sounds. The observed changes may reflect modified sound production in the airways or alterations in their attenuation when transmitted to the chest wall through the hyperinflated lung.