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1.
菜粉蝶Pieris rapae是十字花科蔬菜重要的农业害虫。为了深入了解中国菜粉蝶的群体遗传特征,通过高通量测序获取了中国5个群体48头菜粉蝶的线粒体全基因组,并分析了不同群体间的遗传结构与多样性。结果表明:菜粉蝶群体间有较高的线粒体单倍型多样性;相对封闭的山区和盆地地区的核苷酸多样性较低;群体间的平均遗传分化指数(FST)仅0.042,表明不同群体间的遗传分化水平较低,这也暗示了群体间基因交流频繁,推测这与甘蓝等蔬菜频繁运输有关;线粒体进化树和网络图均未形成明显的地理谱系,南北方群体之间没有明显的遗传结构差异;总群体的Tajima''s D和Fu''s Fs值均为负值,且达到了显著水平,这意味着中国地区的菜粉蝶可能经历过群体扩张事件。  相似文献   

2.
版纳青海居群的遗传多样性和群体分化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
李巧明  许于富 《云南植物研究》2001,23(2):201-208,T001
我国龙脑香料特有种版纳青海(Vatica guangxiensis)仅局限分布于滇南(勐腊)和植西南(那坡),本文应用“水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳等位酶分析”方法,对其进行了遗传多样性和群体分化的研究。对14个酶系统23个等位酶点的研究表明,其居群变异水平很低,多态位点比率P为13.0%-21.7%,等位基因平均数A为1.1-1.2,平均期望杂合度0.056-0.130,平均观察杂合度H为0.055-0.130。F统计分析表明版纳青梅具有较高水平的群体分化,基因分化系数高达CST=0.265。这与其居群内存在一定程度的近交,以及种子的重力散布有关;另外,也可能是在其进化过程中,由于居群的缩小而发生了遗传漂变。此外,本研究也从等位酶水平为广西青梅(V.guangxiensis)和版纳青梅(V.sishuangbannaensis)的合并作一佐证。  相似文献   

3.
花生根瘤菌群体遗传多样性和系统发育研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
杨江科  谢福莉  周俊初 《遗传学报》2002,29(12):1118-1125
利用16S rRNA RFLP,16S rRNA序列分析和16S-23S IGS PCR RFLP技术对43株花生根瘤菌和来自其他种属的15个参比菌株进行了群体遗传多样性和系统分析。16S rRNA PCR RFLP分析结果表明,所有供试花生根瘤菌均属于慢生根瘤菌属,在系统发育上与B.japonicum的亲缘关系最近,具有相同的16S rRNA RFLP基因型,而与B.elkanii相对较远。16S rRNA 序列分析结果表明,供试花生根瘤菌在系统发育上更接近于B.liaoningense,序列间差异小于1%,而B.liaoningense在系统发育上与B.japonicum相距很近,其序列间差异小于1%,16S-23S rRNA IGS RFLP分析结果表明,尽管花生根瘤菌与B.japonicum和B.elkanii的亲缘关系很近,但在71%的相似性水平上供试花生根瘤菌仍各自聚为一群,并可进一步分为A、B、C和D4个亚群,该分群还明显反映了地理因素对群体遗传多样性和系统发育的影响。  相似文献   

4.
八面山银杉林的遗传多样性和群体分化   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对分布于湖南八面山的濒危植物银杉(cathaya argyrophylla Chun etKuang)的遗传多样性和群体分化进行了初步研究。对13个酶系统25个等位酶位点的检测表明,该地区的银杉林群体遗传变异水平很低,多态位点比率 P=0.28,等位基因平均数 A=1.36,平均期望杂合度He=0.100;但3个小群体间存在着明显的遗传分化,基因分化系数高达G_ST=0.26,明显不同于其它裸子植物的报道。八面山银杉林低水平的遗传变异和明显的群体分化,一方面反映了银杉的古老性和残遗性,另一方面也说明在银杉的进化过程中可能发生了严重的遗传漂变,而且群体之间的基因流明显受阻。  相似文献   

5.
版纳青梅居群的遗传多样性和群体分化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
我国龙脑香科特有种版纳青梅(Vatica  相似文献   

6.
本研究以青海土种犬和藏狮犬为对照,采用RAPD技术对河曲藏獒和青海藏獒群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化进行了分析.研究结果表明,河曲藏獒和青海藏獒群体的多态性位点百分率分别为85.53%和98.16%,平均多态性位点百分率为91.85%.藏獒群体遗传变异分析显示两个藏獒群体的有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei氏平均预期基因杂合度(H)和Shannon遗传信息指数(I)的平均值分别为1.5354、0.3191和0.4807;且两个藏獒群体93.09%的变异来自群体内,仅6.91%变异来自群体间;两个群体间的基因流为3.3679.研究还发现两个藏獒群体之间的Nei氏标准遗传距离(D)为0.050 5.本研究结果说明藏獒群体内遗传变异丰富,不同地域的藏獒群体之间存在广泛的基因交流,群体之间遗传分化程度很低,这为藏獒品种资源保护与合理开发利用提供了参考.  相似文献   

7.
红皮云杉自然群体遗传多样性及遗传分化的研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
  相似文献   

8.
中国石榴栽培群体遗传多样性的荧光AFLP分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
苑兆和  尹燕雷  曲健禄  朱丽琴  李云 《遗传学报》2007,34(12):1061-1071
以中国山东、安徽、陕西、河南、云南和新疆6个栽培石榴群体的85个品种类型为试材,利用荧光标记AFLP对中国石榴群体遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明:8对引物组合在种级水平扩增的多态性位点数范围从135~185个不等,平均为158.25个,多态位点百分比范围为62.5%~86.11%,平均为73.26%,说明中国石榴品种遗传多样性较为丰富;石榴品种种级水平遗传多样性大于群体水平,6个群体的遗传多样性依次为河南群体〉新疆群体〉陕西群体〉安徽群体〉山东群体〉云南群体,并且具有显著性差异;群体间的遗传分化系数GST为0.2018,说明石榴遗传变异主要存在群体内,群体间的遗传变异占总变异的20.18%,根据基因分化系数,测得的基因流Nm为1.9027,说明中国石榴群体间存在适当的基因交流;UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,同一群体的大部分品种都聚在一起,但同时存在部分基因交流。所有遗传参数表明,中国石榴栽培品种遗传多样性较为丰富,其中河南群体遗传多样性显著高于其他群体,在中国石榴品种选育中具有更为广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
为了解人工选育对华南鲤(Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus)选育群体遗传结构的影响, 采用微卫星技术分析了华南鲤4个连续选育世代(F1、F2、F3和F4)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示:在4个选育群体中, 16对微卫星引物共扩增得到99个等位基因, 每个微卫星座位检测到的等位基因数为3—10个, 平均为6.1875个。随着人工连续选育的进行, F1到F4的平均等位基因数(Na)从5.6875下降到4.6755, 平均观测杂合度(Ho)从0.7943下降到0.7135, 平均多态信息含量(PIC)从0.6577下降到0.5834。F1与其后各代的遗传距离逐代增加(从0.1486上升到0.2181), 遗传相似系数逐代减小(从0.8619下降到0.8041), 而相邻世代间的遗传分化指数(Fst)逐代变小(F1与F2为0.062, F2与F3为0.058, F3与F4则为0.051), 遗传相似性逐步升高。世代间Fst值配对比较结果显示4个世代间的遗传分化处于中等水平, 表明人工选育已对华南鲤选育群体的遗传结构产生了影响。实验结果表明, 华南鲤经过4代选育后, 虽然遗传杂合度和遗传多样性存在下降的现象, 但遗传多样性水平依然较高, 还具有进一步选育的潜力。研究结果为下一步制定华南鲤新品种选育计划提供基础遗传数据。  相似文献   

10.
马鹿阿拉善亚种(Cervus elaphus alashanicus)又称阿拉善马鹿,目前仅分布于贺兰山地区,是我国马鹿亚种分布范围最狭窄的一个隔离种群。为了解阿拉善马鹿的种群遗传多样性及遗传变异情况,以对该种群的保护提供科学参考,对在贺兰山采集的93个野生个体新鲜粪便样本的线粒体控制区部分序列(991 bp)进行扩增和分析,共检测到68个变异位点,定义16种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性为0.405,平均核苷酸多样性为0.002 32,说明种群遗传多样性水平较低。中性检验和错配分布分析表明阿拉善马鹿曾出现过种群扩张,贝叶斯天际线分析(BSP)显示扩张时间约在末次冰盛期(0.028—0.010 Ma)。FST检验表明阿拉善马鹿种群内存在显著遗传分化,系统发育树和单倍型网络图分析表明群体间没有明显的系统地理格局。本研究表明阿拉善马鹿目前种群遗传多样性较低,建议加大对该亚种的关注和保护力度。  相似文献   

11.
    
Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenf., an agar‐producing red alga introduced from northeast Asia to Europe and North America, is often highly abundant in invaded areas. To assay its genetic diversity and identify the putative source of invasive populations, we analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene from 312 individuals of G. vermiculophylla collected in 37 native and 32 introduced locations. A total of 19 haplotypes were detected: 17 in northeast Asia and three in Europe and eastern and western North America, with only one shared among all regions. The shared haplotype was present in all introduced populations and in ~99% of individuals in the introduced areas. This haplotype was also found at three native locations in east Korea, west Japan, and eastern Russia. Both haplotype and nucleotide diversities were extremely low in Europe and North America compared to northeast Asia. Our study indicates that the East Sea/Sea of Japan is a likely donor region of the invasive populations of G. vermiculophylla in the east and west Atlantic and the east Pacific.  相似文献   

12.
To assist in the species-level identification of stranded and hunted beaked whales, we compiled a database of 'reference' sequences from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 15 of the 20 described ziphiid species. Reference samples for eight species were obtained from stranded animals in New Zealand and South Australia. Sequences for a further seven species were obtained from a previously published report. This database was used to identify 20 'test' samples obtained from incompletely documented strandings around New Zealand. Analyses showed that four of these 'test' specimens (20%) had initially been misidentified. These included two animals of particular interest: (i) a Blainville's beaked whale ( Mesoplodon densirostris) , the first record of this species in New Zealand waters; and, (ii) a juvenile Andrews' beaked whale ( Mesoplodon bowdoini ), a species known from just over 20 strandings worldwide. A published sequence from a beaked whale product purchased in the Republic of Korea was identified as a Cuvier's beaked whale ( Ziphius cavirostris ). Levels of intra- and interspecific variation were compared to determine the potential for misidentification when the database or taxonomy is incomplete. Intraspecific variation was generally <2%, and interspecific divergence was generally >4.7%. Exceptions were within-species variation in Hyperoodon planifrons , southern bottlenosed whale (4.12%), which exceeded the variation between the two species of Berardius (3.78%), and variation between the two specimens assigned to M. hectori , Hector's beaked whale (7.14%). The latter case appears to be an error in species identification, and could represent the discovery of a new species of beaked whale.  相似文献   

13.
    
Abstract. 1. The western forests of Mexico are rich in species of stingless bee, possibly a consequence of the diverse habitats found across different altitudes of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and the Pacific coast (PAC). 2. Scaptotrigona hellwegeri is an example of a stingless bee species found across the TMVB and PAC. It is currently considered a single species. Its TMVB populations have become rare and rapidly impacted by human‐modified habitats. Translocation of S. hellwegeri colonies from the PAC tropical lowlands to TMVB subtropical highlands has been considered, as colonies at PAC are more abundant and even used in stingless beekeeping. 3. Morphometric analyses of meristic characters plus genetic analysis at microsatellite loci and sequencing of the cox1 region of mtDNA were used to evaluate phenotypic and genetic differentiation in S. hellwegeri from TMVB and PAC. 4. Significant morphometric differences were detected between S. hellwegeri from TMVB and PAC. Corrected nuclear multilocus F′ST was 0.592 (P < 0.01), supporting the view that TMVB and PAC populations are markedly genetically differentiated. A 573 bp sequence of the cox1 region of mtDNA showed six sites of divergence, with sequence divergence between PAC and TMVB populations of 1.1%. 5. Our morphometric and genetic results make evident that S. hellwegeri from TMVB and PAC are significantly differentiated and represent two genetic lineages. An immediate recommendation is to restrict the movement of colonies from the lowland PAC regions to TMVB, where colonies are currently scarce.  相似文献   

14.
    
We used inter-simple sequence repeat fingerprinting to analyze the genetic structure of 16 populations of Stentor coeruleus from three lakes and three ponds in China. Using 14 polymorphic primers, a total of 99 discernible DNA fragments were detected, among which 76 (76.77%) were polymorphic, indicating median genetic diversity in these populations. Further, both Nei's gene diversity (h) and Shannon's information index (I) between the different populations revealed a median genetic diversity. At the same time, gene flow was interpreted to be low. The main factors responsible for the median level of diversity and low gene flow within populations are probably due to a low frequency of sexual recombinations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that there was high genetic differentiation among the five water bodies. Both cluster analysis and a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis suggested that genotypes isolated from the same locations displayed a higher genetic similarity than those from different ones, separating populations into subgroups according to their geographical locations. However, there is a weak positive correlation between the genetic distance and geographical distance.  相似文献   

15.
多叶重楼遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
应用RAPD技术检测了多叶重楼(Paris polyphyfzo)2个变种4个居群的遗传多样性,并与1个凌云重楼(P.cronquistii)居群进行了比较。选择的16个随机引物在5个居群中共检测到246个多态位点。在居群水平上,滇重楼2个居群的多态位点百分比(PP鳓分别为57.43%和54.67%,Shannon指数分别为0.3080和0.2830;七叶一枝花2个居群的PPB分别为56.33%和57.75%,Shannon指数分别为0、3080和0.3293。在变种水平上,滇重楼的PPB为75.14%,Shannon指数为0.3922,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.3085;七叶一枝花的PPB为80.31%,Shannon指数为0.3992,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.3726;在种的水平PPB达92.05%,遗传分化系数Gst达0.5151。聚类分析显示滇重楼和七叶一枝花有较近的亲缘关系,而与凌云重楼遗传距离较远。此结果从分子水平上支持了过去将滇重楼和七叶一枝花划分为1个种下2个变种的形态分类观点。  相似文献   

16.
Using ND5 sequences from mtDNA and 10 nuclear markers, we investigated the genetic differentiation of two South American Creole sheep phenotypes that historically have been bred in different biomes in southern Brazil. In total, 18 unique mtDNA haplotypes were detected, none of which was shared between the two phenotypes. Bayesian analysis also indicated two different groups (k = 2). Thus, these varieties are supported as being genotypically distinct. This situation could have resulted either from geographical isolation, associated with differences in the cultural habits of sheep farmers and in the way that flocks were managed, or more likely, from the introduction of different stocks four centuries ago.  相似文献   

17.
This study describes complete control region sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 117 Ethiopian cattle from 10 representative populations, in conjunction with the available cattle sequences in GenBank. In total, 79 polymorphic sites were detected, and these defined 81 different haplotypes. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Ethiopian cattle did not vary among the populations studied. All mtDNA sequences from Ethiopian cattle converged into one main maternal lineage (T1) that corresponds to African Bos taurus cattle. According to the results of this study, no zebu mtDNA haplotypes have been found in Ethiopia, where the most extensive hybridization took place on the African continent.  相似文献   

18.
    
We evaluated genetic introgression from domesticated pigs into the Ryukyu wild boar (RWB) population on Iriomote Island based on their genetic structure and diversity. We used a combination of mitochondrial DNA D‐loop region (596 bp) polymorphisms and 23 microsatellite markers. RWBs (= 130) were collected from 18 locations on Iriomote Island and compared with 66 reference samples of European and Asian domestic pigs. We identified six distinct haplotypes, involving 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (including one insertion) in the RWB population. The phylogenetic tree had two branches: the RWB group and domestic lineage. Fourteen of 130 RWBs (10.8%) belonged to the European domestic lineage, including 11 RWBs from the Panari Islands, northwest of Iriomote Main Island (IMI). The heterozygosity values, total number of alleles, number of effective alleles and polymorphism information content of the RWB groups were lower than those of the European domestic groups. The RWB population on IMI had a lower heterozygous deficiency index (FIS = 0.059) than did the other populations, which indicates that this population was more inbred. There was a large genetic distance (FST = 0.560) between RWBs on IMI and the Meishan populations. Structure analysis using the 23 microsatellite markers revealed that 16 RWBs had an admixture pattern between RWB and domesticated pig breeds. These results suggest that gene flow may have occurred from domestic pigs to RWBs and demonstrate that there was low genetic variation in the IMI population.  相似文献   

19.
《昆虫学报》2025,68(1)
【目的】基于线粒体基因组数据;明晰云南省橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis种群遗传多样性和遗传结构;揭示其在云南的扩散路径;为橘小实蝇防控策略的制定和规划提供理论依据。【方法】2022年7-9月收集云南省橘小实蝇15个地理种群;使用DNBSEQ-T7平台进行线粒体基因组测序、组装与注释;基于13个蛋白质编码基因(protein-coding genes, PCGs)序列使用MEGA-X 10.0.5, DnaSP 6.12和Arlequin 3.5.2软件分析种群遗传多样性与遗传分化;基于13个PCG和COI序列使用最大似然法构建系统发育树;使用PopART4.8.4软件构建单倍型网络;通过中性检验和错配分布分析种群历史动态。【结果】共获得云南橘小实蝇15个地理种群149条线粒体全基因组;包含共1 697个变异位点;总体表现出高水平的遗传多样性(Pi=0.00783; K=87.591; Hd=0.9994);种群间遗传距离为0.00702~0.00874;遗传分化指数为-0.02345~0.05203;系统发育树和单倍型网络均未呈现出明显的种群结构;橘小实蝇云南种群历史上发生过扩张;云南西部和南部为橘小实蝇最早入侵区域;北部地区橘小实蝇入侵时间较晚。【结论】云南省橘小实蝇不同组群均呈现出高水平遗传多样性和弱遗传结构;线粒体基因组变异位点丰富且广泛分布在所有种群中;不同地理种群间没有明显分化;推测橘小实蝇由云南西部及南部向北部地区扩散。  相似文献   

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