系统性红斑狼疮患者及吸烟人群颈动脉弹性的对比研究

目的:应用血管回声跟踪技术(E-tracking,ET)的定量评估功能,探讨系统性红斑狼疮及吸烟因素对颈动脉弹性的影响程度。方法:应用血管回声跟踪技术测量44例系统性红斑狼疮患者、56例吸烟人群及30例正常人群颈动脉弹性参数,包括测量血管的压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬化参数(β)、顺应性(AC)以及脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)。测量颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)。组间均数比较采用独立样本t检验,所有数据均以x±s表示,以P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果:1.系统性红斑狼疮组Ep、β、PWVβ较正常对照组明显增高,AC较正常对照组明显减低(P0.05);2.吸烟组Ep、β、PWVβ较正常对照组明显增高,AC较正常对照组明显减低(P0.05);3.系统性红斑狼疮组Ep、β、PWVβ较吸烟组明显增高,AC较吸烟组明显减低(P0.05)。结论:系统性红斑狼疮这种全身免疫性疾病较吸烟因素对颈动脉弹性的影响更为显著。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声相关参数与病变严重程度的关系

目的:研究冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声相关参数与病变严重程度的关系,为冠心病的诊断提供依据。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年6月我院收治的冠心病患者100例作为研究组,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为1支病变组(24例),2支病变组(44例)和3支病变组(32例)。根据Gensini评分分为轻度病变组(Gensini评分20分,n=26),中度病变组(20分≤Gensini评分40分,n=45)和重度病变组(Gensini评分≥40分,n=29)。另选取同期医院体检的健康体检者30例作为对照组。应用颈动脉超声多普勒检查各组颈动脉超声相关参数,采用Pearson相关性分析超声相关参数与病变严重程度的关系。结果:研究组颈动脉中膜厚度(IMT)、颈总动脉硬化度(β)、颈动脉顺应性(AC)、弹性系数(EP)、脉搏波传导速度(PEVβ)均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着冠状动脉病变支数增加,受试者IMT、β、EP、AC、PEVβ升高,其中3支病变组2支病变组1支病变组对照组(P0.05)。随着冠状动脉病变程度增加,受试者IMT、β、EP、AC、PEVβ升高,其中重度病变组中度病变组轻度病变组对照组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示:冠心病患者IMT、β、EP、AC、PEVβ与病变血管支数呈正相关(r=0.607,0.428,0.532,0.507,0.556,均P0.05),与Gensini评分呈正相关(r=0.624,0.432,0.517,0.521,0.543,均P0.05)。结论:冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化超声相关参数与患者病变程度相关,颈动脉超声检查可以作为冠心病的诊断手段。     

血管回声跟踪技术评价戒烟前后对动脉弹性影响的临床研究

目的:血管回声跟踪(echo-tracking,ET)技术探讨长期吸烟及戒烟对颈总动脉(common carotid artery,CCA)及肱动脉(brachial artery,BA)弹性的影响.方法:受试者为吸烟组(80例,男性,46±岁)和正常对照组(25例,男性,45±6岁),戒烟组在戒烟六个月后,根据戒烟情况将受试者分为成功戒烟组(23人)、部分戒烟组(25人)、戒烟失败组(32人),应用ET技术检测各吸烟组戒烟前及戒烟六个月后CCA及BA弹性(僵硬度β、弹性模量Ep、脉搏波传导速度PWVβ)的变化,同时检测每日吸烟量、吸烟指数、血脂、血糖、血压等各项指标,并与正常对照组比较.结果:(1)正常对照组与各吸烟组戒烟前及戒烟后血脂、血糖、血压、体重指数等指标比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).(2)各吸烟组戒烟前每日吸烟量、吸烟指数等指标比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).(3)各吸烟组戒烟前CCA及BA的β、Ep、PWVβ较正常对照组均明显增高,具有显著统计学差异(P＜0.001).(4)各吸烟组戒烟后,成功戒烟组CCA及BA的β、Ep、PWVβ与正常对照组无统计学差异(P＞0.05),成功戒烟组CCA及BA的β、Ep、PWVβ较戒烟失败组减低,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),部分戒烟组CCA及BA的β、Ep、PWVβ与正常对照组有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:吸烟引起CCA及BA弹性减低,成功戒烟可使CCA及BA弹性改善,BA改善效果更明显.     

血管回声跟踪技术评价慢性肾功能衰竭患者股总动脉内皮功能

目的：应用血管回声跟踪技术（echo-tracking,ET）评价慢性肾功能衰竭患者股总动脉内皮功能,并探讨该技术治疗慢性肾衰患者心血管并发症的临床意义。方法：选择2012年1月至12月在我院就诊的82例慢性肾功能衰竭患者为观察组,另选47例健康体检者为对照组。应用ET技术检测两组患者的左右侧股总动脉血管弹性指标,包括压力应变弹性系数（Ep）,脉搏波传导速度（PWVβ）,增大指数（AI）,硬度指数（β）和脉顺应性（AC）。观察两组患者的检测结果并进行比较。结果：观察组中,压力应变弹性系数（Ep）,脉搏波传导速度（PWVβ）,增大指数（AI）和硬度指数（β）均高于对照组所对应的值;而脉顺应性（AC）值低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组中,需要透析的患者组β、PWVβ、Ep和AI的值均高于非透析患者组对应的值,AC值低于非透析患者组的值,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：ET对慢性肾功能衰竭患者心血管并发症的早期治疗,改善患者的愈后具有一定的临床指导意义。     

成人原发肾病综合征患者血尿酸与血脂代谢的关系

目的:研究成人原发肾病综合征(PNS)患者高尿酸血症的患病率及其与血脂代谢的关系。方法:将109例成人PNS患者根据其尿酸水平分为高尿酸血症组与血尿酸正常组,检测患者的血脂、血清脂蛋白、ALB及24小时尿蛋白定量,分析成人PNS患者高尿酸血症的患病率,比较高尿酸血症组与血尿酸正常组PNS患者的一般情况及血脂水平,并分析PNS患者血尿酸水平的相关因素。结果:成人PNS患者高尿酸血症的发病率为24.77%;高尿酸血症组患者TG及24小时尿蛋白定量水平明显高于血尿酸正常组(P0.01),两组患者TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、Apo AI及Apo B比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);成人PNS患者血尿酸水平与TG及24小时尿蛋白定量水平呈正相关(r=0.350,P=0.001;r=0.533,P=0.014),与TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及ALB无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:成人PNS患者高尿酸血症的发生率较高,高尿酸血症患者具有更高的TG及尿蛋白水平,且成人PNS患者血尿酸水平与TG及24小时尿蛋白定量具有相关性,应高度重视成人PNS患者的血尿酸水平。     

高脂血症患者血管内皮微颗粒水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨高脂血症患者血管内皮微颗粒(EMPs)水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2016年5月到2017年8月期间我院收治的高脂血症患者64例,将其作为研究组。另选取同期在我院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。检测两组研究对象的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、EMPs、压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)、顺应性(AC)、硬度指数(β)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)水平,并采用Pearson相关性分析研究组患者EMPs水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Ep、AC、β、PWV的相关性。结果:研究组血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、EMPs水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组的Ep、β、PWV均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组AC比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。研究组患者的EMPs水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Ep、β、PWV均呈正相关(r=0.567,0.645,0.763,0.426,0.398,0.364,P均0.05)。结论:高脂血症患者的EMPs水平明显高于健康人群,且其水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Ep、β、PWV均呈正相关。     

油田工作人员高尿酸血症患病率调查及其影响因素分析

目的:了解油田工作人员高尿酸血症(HUA)患病率并分析其影响因素。方法:于2018年1月至2018年12月通过随机抽样法选取300例华北油田的工作人员。统计所有油田工作人员的HUA患病率,并根据HUA发生与否分成HUA组41例与非HUA组259例。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析HUA的影响因素。结果:300例油田工作人员HUA患病率为13.67%(41/300),其中男性油田工作人员血清尿酸水平及HUA患病率均高于女性(均P0.05)。HUA组肥胖、饮酒、高血压、高血糖、高血脂症人数占比高于非HUA组(均P0.05)。HUA组尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)水平均高于非HUA组,而肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平低于非HUA组(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、肥胖、饮酒、高血压、高血糖、高血脂症及BUN5.0 mmol/L、Scr130.0μmol/L、eGFR130.0 m L/(min·1.73m2)均是油田工作人员HUA的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:油田工作人员HUA患病率较高,应予以重视。男性、肥胖、饮酒、高血压、高血糖、高血脂症、BUN、Scr水平较高以及eGFR较低的人群HUA发生的风险较高,可通过针对上述因素予以干预,继而降低HUA的发生风险。     

非布司他对痛风合并高尿酸血症患者血清sICAM-1, ET-1 及尿酸水平的影响

目的:探讨非布司他对痛风合并高尿酸血症患者血清内皮素-1(ET-1)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)及尿酸水平的影响。方法:收集在我院就诊或住院治疗的80例痛风合并高尿酸血症患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者给予别嘌呤醇片治疗;实验组患者给予非布司他片治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血尿酸、s ICAM-1、ET-1水平及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血尿酸、s ICAM-1、ET-1水平均显著降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血尿酸、s ICAM-1、ET-1水平较低(P0.05),临床治疗总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:非布司他能够降低痛风合并高尿酸血症的s ICAM-1、ET-1及尿酸水平,且临床疗效较好。     

老年患者腹腔镜手术时应用丙泊酚对血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的:在腹腔镜手术中应用丙泊酚对老年患者血浆内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量的影响.方法:50例腹腔镜手术病人,年龄58-69岁,ASAI-Ⅱ级,随机分P组和C组两组,每组25例.P组为丙泊酚组、C组为对照组,分别于麻醉前、麻醉后、气腹后10min、20min和30min,抽取静脉血测定ET和CGRP值.结果:麻醉前后两组患者ET和CGRP水平无显著性差异(P＞0.05).气腹后10min P组ET水平开始下降,30min时显著低于C组和气腹前,而C组气腹后ET水平显著增高(P＜0.05).P组CGRP水平30min时较气腹前显著增高(P＜0.05),而C组CGRP水平气腹后20min开始下降,30min时显著低于P组(P＜0.05).结论:CO2气腹压可致机体ET水平升高,而丙泊酚能明显拮抗ET水平,提高CGRP水平,减轻老年患者在腹腔镜手术中的心血管应激反应.     

IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症的临床分析

目的：探讨血清尿酸对IgA肾病临床,病理及预后的影响,为临床治疗和预后评估提供依据。方法：分析我院2011年1月-2012年1月149例经肾穿活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病患者的临床和病理资料。采用t检验和X2检验进行统计学处理。结果：（1）伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病的发病率为30.2%,男性偏多,男女发病率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。（2）女性高尿酸血症组BUN、Cys-C、Scr水平显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）,男性两组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,而血清UA水平无论男女高尿酸血症组均显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）;尿酸正常组血清BUN、UA、Cys-C、Scr水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）,高尿酸血症组血清UA水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）;血清IgA、C3、IgA/C3比值无论男女,高尿酸血症组与尿酸正常组均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。（3）高尿酸血症组病理改变以Ⅳ-Ⅴ多见（57.8%）,而正常尿酸组则以Ⅰ-Ⅱ为主（46.2%）,血尿酸正常组与高尿酸血症组Lee＇s分级构成比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：伴有高尿酸血症的IgA肾病患者男性血尿酸水平高于女性,但血尿酸水平升高对女性肾功能影响更大;高尿酸血症对血清IgA,C3水平的变化影响不大;伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病病理改变程度较尿酸正常组更加严重。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.