血管内皮细胞生长因子促进成骨作用的研究进展

骨组织的生长和血供密切相关 ,血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)被公认为是诱导血管生成作用最强的一种细胞因子 ,其自身也和骨形成有着直接的关系。通过对VEGF及其受体分子结构、其在骨发育和骨损伤修复中所起作用、以及目前常见应用方式的相关研究作一系统性回顾 ;阐述了VEGF在软骨内成骨、膜内成骨过程中所起的促进作用 ,对成骨细胞和破骨细胞的积极影响 ,增强其表达的相关条件 ,以及各应用方式的利弊 ;从而展示了VEGF在骨缺损修复中的良好的前景。     

成骨蛋白-1的研究及应用进展

成骨蛋白-1（OP-1）是骨形态发生蛋白家族（BMPs）中的一员,具有较强的骨诱导活性,能够在体内、外诱导骨、软骨形成,完成骨修复能力。研究发现OP-1能治愈自体骨不能愈合的缺损,加速骨折愈合,能有效地促进横突体内融合发挥脊柱融合作用。OP-1用作盖髓剂,可以减轻炎症反应,诱导牙本质再生。此外,OP-1还具有抗肾脏纤维化作用,保护肾小球的完整性。     

合成成骨生长肽的骨内外成骨活性

利用固相多肽合成人成骨生长肽（sOGP),纯度达99．2％,HPLC及毛细管电泳均一,蛋白质序列分析和质谱分析符合理论值。在体内我们观察了sOGP对兔胫骨骨折愈合的药效。用血生化、X射线、骨密度、组织学外骨痂分析、生物力学等方面测得sOGP能显著促进新生骨形成,明显增加成骨活性蛋白碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和骨钙素（BGP）的血清水平,对兔胫骨不稳定的横断骨折愈合具有一定的促进作用。尤其是实验组骨密度和外骨痂中小梁骨成分显著地加的数据,具有统计学意义。还观察了sOGP在没介质中对原代成骨细胞的成骨活性。在体外sOGP低剂量(10^-11mol/L）对原代成骨细胞有明显的增殖作用,表现双向调节。有趣的是sOGP在体外的成骨活性作用必须有血清白蛋白（BSA）和血清中某些因子的参与。     

人骨形成蛋白2A活性片段在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

将编码人骨形成蛋白２Ａ（ＢＭＰ２Ａ）Ｃ端１７３个氨基酸（ＢＭＰ２３）和１３４个氨基酸（ＢＭＰ２４）的ＤＮＡ基因片段分别重组克隆进入ＰＬ启动子控制下的表达载体,构建了表达质粒ｐＢＬＢＭＰ２３和ｐＢＬＢＭＰ２４,分别转化大肠杆菌进行表达研究．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析温敏诱导的表达菌,可以分别观察到分子量为２０ｋＤ和１５．５ｋＤ的高表达条带,与理论计算的分子量一致,表达量分别占细菌蛋白质总量的１０％和２０％左右。表达产物经包含体制备达到８０％以上纯度。Ｎ端序列测定的１５个氨基酸,与重组ｃＤＮＡ基因编码的序列相同．ＢＭＰ２３和ＢＭＰ２４包含体经复性处理后,得到二聚体分子蛋白质条带,与骨基质胶原重组后在大鼠体内测活,观察到ＢＭＰ２３诱导软骨细胞生成,ＢＭＰ２４刺激丰富的骨样胶原组织合成．     

真皮成纤维细胞成骨分化的实验研究

目的比较不同诱导剂对真皮成纤维细胞成骨分化的不同影响,探讨成纤维细胞成骨分化机制。方法取新生大鼠皮肤进行组织块培养,真皮成纤维细胞分离培养及鉴定,并分别由地塞米松、1,25(OH)2D3以及地塞米松和1,25(OH)2D3进行成骨分化诱导。分别于诱导后14d行ALP含量测定,21d行茜素红染色,并进行TAZ表达检测。结果真皮成纤维细胞表达波形蛋白,不表达角蛋白;成纤维细胞诱导14d后,1,25(OH)2D3诱导组及地塞米松+1,25(OH)2D3诱导组ALP含量与对照组有显著差异;成骨诱导21d,地塞米松诱导组仅见少量散在红色钙结节形成,1,25(OH)2D3诱导组钙结节数量增高,地塞米松+1,25(OH)2D3诱导组钙结节数量明显增高,直径变大;1,25(OH)2D3诱导组及地塞米松+1,25(OH)2D3诱导组,经TAZ免疫荧光染色,可见部分细胞核表达TAZ。结论地塞米松可促进1,25(OH)2D3诱导真皮成纤维细胞成骨分化。     

植物病原相关蛋白研究进展

植物在受到真菌、细菌、病毒侵染或意外的伤害时体内会产生新的蛋白质,称作病原相关蛋白（ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ－ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ简称ＰＲ蛋白）。ＰＲ蛋白的产生与植物对病原物的抵御直接相关,本文就ＰＲ蛋白的诱导表达、调控和作用机理方面的最新研究进展作一综述。     

高效的骨诱导生长因子——成骨蛋白-1

成骨蛋白-1(OP-1)又称骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7),属转化生长因子β(TGF-β)超家族成员.重组人OP-1(rhOP-1)在体内和体外都显示了高效的骨诱导活性,可使多种实验动物的骨缺损满意愈合,有良好的临床应用前景.     

成纤维细胞生长因子在骨修复中的作用和应用

成纤维细胞生长因子 ( FGF)是一类与肝素有高亲和性的多聚肽 ,最初根据它能刺激成纤维细胞再生而命名。现已发现有 1 8个成员 ,即 FGF1- FGF18。目前研究得最多的是 FGF1和 FGF2 。根据它们等电点 ( PI)的不同 ,FGF1又称为酸性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( a FGF,PI为 5 .6) ,FGF2 又称为碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 ( b FGF,PI为 9.6) ,它们均通过自分泌和 /或旁分泌途径在组织修复中发挥重要作用。成纤维细胞生长因子受体 ( FGFR)属于免疫球蛋白超家族成员 ,目前已确定了 4种由独立基因编码的人 FGFR。它们是一种跨膜蛋白质 ,分为细…     

下颌骨牵引成骨的研究进展和临床应用

牵引成骨是矫治骨骼畸形的一种新型技术,在颅颌面形整复外科领域中,以下颌骨牵引成骨方面的研究报道最多,本文就下颌骨牵引成骨的牵引原则,牵引装置,牵引生物力学及临床应用等内容作一简要综述。     

甲状旁腺素对成骨样细胞增殖的调节作用

甲状旁腺素（ＰＴＨ）是调节钙磷代谢的经典激素,有报道ＰＴＨ对其靶细胞－成骨细胞有促增殖分化作用。经多层次、多水平的实验研究证实,ＰＴＨ对成骨样细胞ＲＯＳ１７／２．８确有促增殖作用。（１）细胞计数、ＭＴＴ［３－（４,５－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｔｈｉａ－ｚｏｌ－ｚ－ｙｉ）２,５－ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ］测定及ＳＲＢ（ｓｏｄｉｕｍｒｈｏｄａｍｉｎｅＢ,ＳＲＢ）染色均显示经ＰＴＨ（１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理的细胞,其数目明显增加;（２）３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入增加;（３）与增殖相关的原癌基因（ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ、ｃ－ｋｉ－ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ）的表达增强;（４）成骨细胞特征性蛋白－碱性磷酸酶活性降低．这些结果不仅表明该激素具有非经典样作用,同时意味着激素也参与其靶细胞增殖分化的调节作用     

Periostin: its role in asthma and its potential as a diagnostic or therapeutic target

Accumulating evidence shows that periostin, a matricellular protein, is involved in many fundamental biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell invasion, and angiogenesis. Changes in periostin expression are commonly detected in various cancers and pre-cancerous conditions, and periostin may be involved in regulating a diverse set of cancer cell activities that contribute to tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Periostin has also been shown to be involved in many aspects of allergic inflammation, such as eosinophil recruitment, airway remodeling, development of a Th2 phenotype, and increased expression of inflammatory mediators. In an in vivo model, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from ovalbumin-challenged mice was found to contain significantly higher levels of periostin compared to BAL samples from control mice. To date, the molecular mechanisms involving periostin in relation to asthma in humans have not been fully elucidated. This review will focus on what is known about periostin and its role in the pathophysiological mechanisms that mediate asthma in order to evaluate the potential for periostin to serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the detection and treatment of asthma, respectively.     

The roles of Orai and Stim in bone health and disease

Orai and Stim proteins are the mediators of calcium release-activated calcium signaling and are important in the regulation of bone homeostasis and disease. This includes separate regulatory systems controlling mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to form osteoblasts, which make bone, and differentiation and regulation of osteoclasts, which resorb bone. These systems will be described separately, and their integration and relation to other systems, including Orai and Stim in teeth, will be briefly discussed at the end of this review.     

胃癌血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平的研究

目的：通过检测并分析胃癌患者血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平与胃癌临床病理参数的关系以评价两者对胃癌的临床应用价值。方法：应用固相夹心酶联免疫吸附实验（Elisa）检测54例胃良性疾病患者对照组和128例胃癌患者（胃癌组）血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平。结果：胃癌组血清Periostin[（409.429±154.851）pg/ml]、E-cadherine[（38.834±11.676）ng/ml]水平均显著高于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胃癌根除组,有淋巴结转移组血清E-cadherine水平显著高于无淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血清Periostin水平随淋巴结转移个数的增多而升高,多重比较不同淋巴结转移个数分组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平随着胃癌浸润程度加深而升高,多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胃癌组,有远处器官转移组患者血清Periostin水平[（505.617±163.950）pg/ml]、E-cadherine[（48.705±8.067）ng/ml]均明显高于无远处转移组,差别有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）。胃癌组血清Periostin水平和血清E-cadherine水平呈低度正相关性。结论：血清Periostin、E-cadherine水平与胃癌的临床病理参数密切关系,对评价胃癌进展程度及预后有一定临床意义。     

Periostin: an emerging activator of multiple signaling pathways

Matricellular proteins are responsible for regulating the microenvironment, the behaviors of surrounding cells, and the homeostasis of tissues. Periostin (POSTN), a non-structural matricellular protein, can bind to many extracellular matrix proteins through its different domains. POSTN usually presents at low levels in most adult tissues but is highly expressed in pathological sites such as in tumors and inflamed organs. POSTN can bind to diverse integrins to interact with multiple signaling pathways within cells, which is one of its core biological functions. Increasing evidence shows that POSTN can activate the TGF-β, the PI3K/Akt, the Wnt, the RhoA/ROCK, the NF-κB, the MAPK and the JAK pathways to promote the occurrence and development of many diseases, especially cancer and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, POSTN can interact with some pathways in an upstream and downstream relationship, forming complicated crosstalk. This article focuses on the interactions between POSTN and different signaling pathways in diverse diseases, attempting to explain the mechanisms of interaction and provide novel guidelines for the development of targeted therapies.     

Periostin表达上调对去势大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生物学行为的作用

目的:探究Periostin(骨膜蛋白)表达上调对雌性去势大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)成骨分化、细胞增殖与凋亡特性的作用。方法:通过去势手术建立雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型,待建模成功后分离培养并鉴定BMSCs,利用含有增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)和大鼠Periostin基因的重组慢病毒转染P3代BMSCs,成骨诱导后鉴定其成骨分化能力改变,流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期以及细胞凋亡率的变化。结果:成功建立骨质疏松模型;荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光提示慢病毒载体实现转染并表达目的蛋白;慢病毒转染组BMSCs成骨诱导后ALP及茜素红染色较去势组BMSCs染色加深;慢病毒转染组BMSCs的S期细胞比例为(17.07±0.56)%,显著高于去势组BMSCs的S期细胞比例(8.42±0.02)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);慢病毒转染组BMSCs的细胞凋亡率为(7.3±0.1)%,显著低于去势组BMSCs的凋亡率(12.05±0.55)%,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Periostin表达上调可提高去势骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化及细胞增殖能力,并对其凋亡有抑制作用。     

Periostin Mediates the Increased Pro‐Angiogenic Activity of Gastric Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the biological role of periostin in gastric cancer (GC) under hypoxia. Western blot analysis revealed that along with an upregulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha, there was a time‐dependent induction of periostin in MKN‐45 cells under hypoxia (2% O₂), increasing by eightfold as compared to normoxic cells. Pretreatment with 30 µM PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly reduced hypoxia‐stimulated periostin expression (P < 0.01). Periostin knockdown in MKN‐45 cells was achieved by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). The conditioned medium from periostin siRNA‐transfected MKN‐45 cells induced significantly less (P < 0.01) endothelial tube formation than control siRNA‐transfected cells. Additionally, periostin silencing markedly decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hypoxic MKN‐45 cells. Thus, our data suggest that periostin is a hypoxia‐response gene and mediates a cross talk between GC and endothelial cells under hypoxia, partially through regulation of the VEGF expression. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:364‐369, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/jbt.21498     

Periostin localizes to cells in normal skin, but is associated with the extracellular matrix during wound repair

Epidermal tissue repair represents a complex series of temporal and dynamic events resulting in wound closure. Matricellular proteins, not normally expressed in quiescent adult tissues, play a pivotal role in wound repair and associated extracellular matrix remodeling by modulating the adhesion, migration, intracellular signaling, and gene expression of inflammatory cells, pericytes, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Several matricellular proteins show temporal expression during dermal wound repair, but the expression pattern of the recently identified matricellular protein, periostin, has not yet been characterized. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether periostin protein is present in healthy human skin or in pathological remodeling (Nevus). The second aim was to determine if periostin is expressed during dermal wound repair. Using immunohistochemistry, periostin reactivity was detected in the keratinocytes, basal lamina, and dermal fibroblasts in healthy human skin. In pathological nevus samples, periostin was present in the extracellular matrix. In excisional wounds in mice, periostin protein was first detected in the granulation tissue at day 3, with levels peaking at day 7. Periostin protein co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells and keratinocytes, but not CD68 positive inflammatory cells. We conclude that periostin is normally expressed at the cellular level in human and murine skin, but additionally becomes extracellular during tissue remodeling. Periostin may represent a new therapeutic target for modulating the wound repair process.     

植物甲酸脱氢酶基因的表达调控及其生理功能研究进展

甲酸脱氢酶（FDH）是植物中普遍存在的一种含量丰富的酶。甲酸脱氢酶也是一种NAD依赖的酶,它催化甲酸氧化成二氧化碳的可逆反应。植物FDH是植物一碳代谢的一部分,它在植物响应各种环境胁迫、低氧或缺氧过程中发挥着重要的作用,因此在农学生产上具有很大的应用潜力。最近植物来源的FDH基因克隆和表达调控及其生理学功能等各方面的研究都取得很多重要的进展。综述了近年来植物来源的FDH基因克隆和表达调控及其生理学功能方面的研究进展。     

Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein required for eruption of incisors in mice

A characteristic tooth of rodents, the incisor continuously grows throughout life by the constant formation of dentin and enamel. Continuous eruption of the incisor is accompanied with formation of shear zone, in which the periodontal ligament is remodeled. Although the shear zone plays a role in the remodeling, its molecular biological aspect is barely understood. Here, we show that periostin is essential for formation of the shear zone. Periostin-/- mice showed an eruption disturbance of incisors. Histological observation revealed that deletion of periostin led to disappearance of the shear zone. Electron microscopy revealed that the disappearance of the shear zone resulted from a failure in digestion of collagen fibers in the periostin-/- mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis using anti-periostin antibodies demonstrated the restricted localization of periostin protein in the shear zone. Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein, and immunoelectron microscopy showed a close association of periostin with collagen fibrils in vivo. These results suggest that periostin functions in the remodeling of collagen matrix in the shear zone.