激光人工皱缩在囊胚玻璃化冻融周期中的临床应用价值

本研究探讨了激光人工皱缩在囊胚玻璃化冻融周期中的临床应用价值。通过回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年7月期间在广西壮族自治区人民医院生殖医学与遗传中心进行囊胚玻璃化冻融移植的449个周期,根据囊胚冷冻前是否进行激光人工皱缩分为激光人工皱缩组(n=193)和未皱缩组(n=256),比较两组的囊胚解冻复苏率、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率、早期流产率、多胎妊娠率、活产率等临床结局指标。研究结果显示,激光人工皱缩组和未皱缩组的女方年龄、子宫内膜厚度、囊胚复苏率和平均移植胚胎数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),激光人工皱缩组的生化妊娠率(63.21%)、临床妊娠率(56.99%)、活产率(50.78%)均高于未皱缩组的(49.41%,45.88%,39.23%)且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明激光人工皱缩在囊胚玻璃化冻融周期中具有一定的临床应用价值,能够改善临床治疗结局。     

冻融胚胎移植中三种不同内膜准备方法的妊娠结局比较

目的：比较三种不同内膜准备方法中复苏胚胎移植的妊娠结局。方法：对因女方输卵管因素不孕的248个冻融囊胚移植周期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将内膜准备方法分为自然周期组、全激素替代周期组和半激素替代周期组三种,分别对各组的着床率、临床妊娠率、生化妊娠率和早期流产率进行分析比较。结果：自然周期组的子宫内膜厚度显著高于全激素周期组和半激素替代周期组（P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义。而这三组病人在年龄、不孕年限和移植胚胎数目上则均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。另外,三种内膜准备方法的着床率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率及生化妊娠流产率亦无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。结论：冻融胚胎移植中,对于排卵正常患者我们建议采用自然周期法更为经济、方便。而对于月经周期不正常,排卵障碍的病人应依实际情况采用全激素周期或半激素周期方案。     

移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF-ET结局的影响.方法:根据移植胚胎个数将年龄超过35岁的不孕患者338个周期分为单胚胎移植组(Ⅰ组),2个胚胎移植组(Ⅱ组),3个胚胎移植组(Ⅲ组).分析患者IVF治疗情况并按年龄分层比较三组患者的IVF-ET结局.结果:高龄不孕患者行IVF,随年龄增加,获卵数、优质胚胎率和临床妊娠率降低,流产率呈增高趋势.Ⅰ组的妊娠率9.43%,显著低于Ⅱ组(24.24%)和Ⅲ组(31.37%)(P＜0.05).对于40岁以下的患者,移植3个胚胎的妊娠率与移植2个胚胎差无异,但显著高于移植1个胚胎(P＜0.05).增加40岁以上患者移植胚胎的数目,妊娠率未出现有统计学意义的升高.三组的胚胎种植率分别为9.43%,12.12%和12.2%,无统计学差异.Ⅲ组中多胎率12.5%(6/48),其中35～36岁年龄段多胎率16.67%(5/30).结论:高龄不孕患者可移植的胚胎数目随年龄增加和获卵数目降低而降低.其中较年轻者(35～36岁年龄段),移植3个胚胎,对妊娠率提高无明显效果,但多胎发生显著增加.     

评价两种消毒剂对IVF实验室微环境和妊娠结局的影响

目的在辅助生殖体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)实验室的胚胎操作过程中,根据消毒剂对胚胎质量和妊娠结局的影响,评价季铵盐消毒剂是否比75%酒精消毒液更适合用于IVF实验室。方法回顾分析2016年1月至9月在我中心行IVF的619例新鲜移植周期,根据IVF实验室使用的消毒剂不同分为两组,A组383例为使用75%酒精消毒组,B组236例使用季铵盐组。对比两组的VOC浓度、获卵数、获卵率、受精率、多精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、优质囊胚形成率、着床率、临床妊娠率以及流产率。结果相比于A组,B组的VOC浓度显著降低;A、B两组的获卵数、获卵率、受精率、多精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、优质囊胚形成率和流产率的差异均不具有统计学意义(P0.05);但B组的着床率和妊娠率显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论两组对胚胎的体外培养质量没有显著性的影响,但使用季铵盐组相比于75%酒精组胚胎着床率和妊娠率显著提高。因此,季铵盐消毒剂比75%酒精更适合作为IVF实验室消毒剂。     

单囊胚移植在新鲜移植周期与冻融移植周期中的应用比较

目的:探讨新鲜移植与冻融移植对单囊胚移植妊娠结果的影响。方法:回顾性分析2013~2015年在海军总医院行单囊胚移植的324例患者,其中新鲜移植组周期数为133例、冻融移植组周期数为191例,比较2组患者基本条件、临床妊娠率、流产率、分娩率等指标。结果:新鲜移植组和冻融移植组的患者基本条件中,除了囊胚级别(1.6±0.5 vs 1.9±0.4)、D5囊胚比例(100%vs 94.27%)、获卵数(17.5±5.2 vs 21.6±9.9)有显著性差异外(P0.01),其余无显著性差异(P0.05);新鲜周期移植组临床妊娠率低于冻融移植组(51.13%vs 62.30%),具有显著性差异(P0.05);流产率(17.65%vs 19.33%)、分娩率(42.10%vs 49.21%)无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:冻融移植周期中单囊胚移植可取得比新鲜移植周期更高的临床妊娠率。     

移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF—ET结局的影响

目的：探讨移植胚胎数目对高龄不孕患者IVF—ET结局的影响。方法：根据移植胚胎个数将年龄超过35岁的不孕患者338个周期分为单胚胎移植组（I组）,2个胚胎移植组（Ⅱ组）,3个胚胎移植组（Ⅲ组）。分析患者IVF治疗情况并按年龄分层比较三组患者的IVF-ET结局。结果：高龄不孕患者行IVF,随年龄增加,获卵数、优质胚胎率和临床妊娠率降低,流产率呈增高趋势。Ⅰ组的妊娠率9．43％,显著低于Ⅱ组（24．24％）和Ⅲ组（31．37％）（P〈0．05）。对于40岁以下的患者,移植3个胚胎的妊娠率与移植2个胚胎差无异,但显著高于移植1个胚胎（P〈0．05）。增加40岁以上患者移植胚胎的数目,妊娠率未出现有统计学意义的升高。三组的胚胎种植率分别为9．43％,12．12％和12．2％,无统计学差异。Ⅲ组中多胎率12．5％（6／48）,其中35-36岁年龄段多胎率16．67％（5／30）。结论：高龄不孕患者可移植的胚胎数目随年龄增加和获卵数目降低而降低。其中较年轻者（35-36岁年龄段）,移植3个胚胎,对妊娠率提高无明显效果,但多胎发生显著增加。     

冷冻胚胎移植周期中内膜形态及内膜厚度对妊娠结局的预测价值分析

目的:评价内膜厚度及内膜形态对于体外受精-胚胎移植中冷冻胚胎解冻复苏移植的临床妊娠结局的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析1521个冷冻胚胎解冻复苏移植周期,将患者按子宫内膜厚度分为4组,子宫内膜≤6 mm、6.1-8.0 mm、8.0-12 mm、12.0 mm,根据子宫内膜形态分为A型内膜、B型内膜、C型内膜。分别比较不同内膜厚度分组及不同内膜形态分组患者的年龄,移植胚胎数目、内膜准备方案构成比、移植胚胎类型(卵裂期胚胎、囊胚)构成比及各组间的临床妊娠率和活产率。采用ROC曲线分析子宫内膜厚度、形态对临床妊娠结局的预测价值。使用逐步回归分析内膜厚度、形态、年龄及移植胚胎类型与妊娠结局的相关性。结果:纳入1521个解冻复苏周期中按内膜厚度分为4组,各组周期数分别为96周期、454周期、893周期、78周期,各组间平均年龄分别为34.1±5.5岁、33.3±5.4岁、32.5±5.2岁、33.7±6.0岁(P0.05)。内膜厚度≤6 mm组临床妊娠率为31.3%,子宫内膜≤6mm、6.1-8.0 mm、8.0-12 mm、12.0 mm组临床妊娠率分别为48.5%、51.8%、47.4%(P0.05)。子宫内膜≤6 mm、6.1-8.0 mm、8.0-12 mm、12.0 mm组间活产率分别为18.8%、37.7%、44.6%、39.7%(P0.05)。A型、B型及C型内膜组周期数分别为920周期、189周期及412周期,三组间平均年龄分别为32.3±5.1、33.0±5.7、34.2±5.5岁(P0.05)。A型/B型及C型内膜组临床妊娠率分别为51.2%、46.6%及46.4%,三组间活产率分别为42.1%、36.0%及37.1%,三组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜厚度ROC曲线下面积为0.534(95%可信区间0.505-0.564),子宫内膜形态ROC曲线下面积为0.526(0.476-0.955)。逐步回归分析纳入内膜厚度、内膜形态、年龄、胚胎类型4个可变量,女方年龄(OR=0.929,P0.001),移植胚胎中囊胚比例(OR=1.595,P0.001)与临床妊娠率明显相关,内膜厚度(OR=1.054,P=0.05)及内膜形态(OR=0.864)与临床妊娠率无相关性。结论:虽然子宫内膜薄临床妊娠率下降,但是子宫内膜厚度与内膜形态不能够预测体外受精-胚胎移植解冻复苏周期临床妊娠率,患者年龄以及移植胚胎的发育潜能才是预测临床妊娠率的参考指标。     

极严重少弱精症患者的新鲜周期移植中卵裂球数目对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨极严重少弱精症患者的新鲜周期移植中卵裂球数目对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析392个新鲜胚胎移植周期,这些胚胎根据移植天数分为第二天移植(Day2)组68周期和第三天移植(Day3)组324周期,其中Day2组根据卵裂球数分为3个(A组,3周期),3～5个(B组,57周期),5个(C组,8周期),Day3组根据卵裂球数分为7个(D组,33周期),7～9个(E组,242周期),9个(F组,49周期)。每个组又根据胚胎评级分为三个亚组,亚组1均为移植1～2级的胚胎(A1～F1),亚组2均为移植3～4级的胚胎(A2～F2),亚组3为一个1～2级和一个3～4级移植胚胎(A3～F3)。综合比较各组和相应亚组之间的种植率,临床妊娠率,流产率及活产率的差别。结果:①在day2组中,ABC三组的胚胎种植率,临床妊娠率,流产率及活产率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。在Day3组中,E组的胚胎种植率,临床妊娠率及活产率均高于D组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而D组和F组及E组和F组之间差异均无统计学意义。②在相同卵裂球数组中,不同的胚胎分级各亚组之间(如B1,B2,B3间)的胚胎种植率,临床妊娠率,流产率及活产率均无统计学差异。不同卵裂球数其相应的同一亚组之间(A1,B1,C1等)上述妊娠结局指标无统计学差异。结论:严重少弱精形成的胚胎优先推荐第二天卵裂球数为3～5个及第三天卵裂球数为7～9个的优质胚胎进行移植。     

下一代测序技术在高龄女性的胚胎植入前非整倍体遗传学检测中的应用

本研究以微阵列比较基因组杂交(array comparative genomic hybridization, aCGH)平台为参照,旨在探究基于下一代测序(next-generation sequencing, NGS)的胚胎植入前遗传学非整倍体检测(preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies, PGT-A)对高龄不育患者辅助生殖临床结局的影响.本文回顾性分析了上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院2016年6月至2019年3月行PGT-A的104对夫妇的临床资料,共纳入125个移植周期,其中正常胚胎移植周期为107个,嵌合体胚胎移植周期为18个.主要结果指标包括正常囊胚检出率和嵌合体囊胚检出率,以及临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率.研究结果表明,与a CGH平台相比, NGS的嵌合胚胎的检出率显著提高,且部分嵌合体胚胎移植获得了健康胎儿.对于移植检测结果为正常的胚胎,基于NGS的PGT-A和基于aCGH的PGT-A对高龄女性辅助生殖的临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率的影响无显著差异.     

源自睾丸精子冻融胚胎卵裂球完整性及恢复卵裂对生育结局的影响

目的:探讨源自睾丸活检或睾丸显微取精形成的胚胎冷冻复苏后卵裂球完整性及是否恢复卵裂与生育结局的关系。方法:回顾性分析658个冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期,根据精子来源将其分为手淫精子组(ICSI组)445周期,睾丸活检或睾丸显微取精组(TESA组)213周期。ICSI组根据复苏2枚胚胎后完整个数(0、1、2枚)分为3组(A、B、C组),TESA组也据此分为D、E、F组。ICSI组根据2枚胚胎复苏后恢复卵裂个数(0、1、2枚)分为3组(G、H、I组),TESA也据此分为J、K、L组。综合比较各组之间的生育结局。结果:①ICSI组与TESA组复苏后胚胎完整率、复苏18-20 h后胚胎卵裂率、种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率、分娩孕周及出生体重比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但ICSI组早期流产率显著高于TESA组。②ICSI中B组与C组上述妊娠结局指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率均显著高于A组(P0.05)。TESA三个亚组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。ICSI与TESA组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。③ICSI中I组种植率、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率均显著高于H组(P0.05),且I组与H组均显著高于G组(P0.05)。I组活产率显著高于G组和H组(P0.05)。TESA中L组种植率、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率、活产率均显著高于J组(P0.05)。ICSI与TESA组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尽管睾丸活检或睾丸显微取精的精子质量较差,但一旦形成有效胚胎,FET结局与手淫精子来源的胚胎并无差异。至少移植一枚完整胚胎较移植两枚均破损胚胎具有更好的生育结局。至少移植一枚恢复卵裂的胚胎较两枚均不卵裂胚胎具有更好的生育结局。解冻后无完整胚胎且过夜培养后又均未恢复卵裂的胚胎应慎重考虑该周期是否取消移植。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418