JNK、ERK信号通路在NaAsO2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞增殖中的作用

目的:研究c-ink氨基末端激酶(JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)在亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)增殖中的作用.方法:体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)检测细胞增殖,Western-blot检测磷酸化JNK、ERK表达水平.结果:低浓度1、2μ mol/L NaAsO2对BMSC有明显的促进增殖作用;高浓度16、32μ mol/LNaAsO2则对细胞生长产生抑制作用,具有一定剂量-效应关系;2、4、8μ mol/LNaAsO2处理BMSC 24h后,JNK磷酸化表达水平明显增加,ERK磷酸化表达水平明显降低;JNK抑制剂SP600125可明显降低高浓度16、32μmol/LNaAsO2的生长抑制作用;ERK抑制剂PD98059可抑制低浓度1、2μ mol/LNaAsO2对BMSC的促增殖作用.结论:低浓度NaAsO2激活ERK信号通路,提高细胞增殖率,可被抑制剂PD98059阻断;高浓度NaAsO2激活JNK信号通路,提高细胞凋亡率,可被抑制剂SP600125阻断.NaAsO2致癌机制可能与JNK、ERK信号通路作用相关.     

他汀对EPCs增殖力影响的PI3和ERK信号通道机制研究

目的:观察他汀对冠心病患者内皮祖细胞(EPCs)增殖力的影响及与PI3/Akt和ERK信号通道的相关性.方法:冠心病和非冠心病患者各16例纳入实验,非冠心病患者的10mL外周血来源的单个核细胞纳入正常组,冠心病患者的40mL外周血来源的单个核细胞均分纳入10μmol/L阿托伐他汀组、10 μmol/L阿托伐他汀+PI3/Akt通道阻滞剂LY294002组和10μmol/L阿托伐他汀+ ERK信号通道阻滞剂PD98059组,均向EPCs方向分化,以VEGFR2、CD34和AC133流式鉴定;观察冠心病患者EPCs增殖力的变化及他汀的影响,观察LY294002和PD98059分别阻断PI3/Akt和ERK通道后他汀对冠心病患者EPCs增殖力作用的变化.结果:与非冠心病人对比,冠心病患者EPCs的增殖(0.23± 0.02 to 0.14± 0.02,P＜0.001)功能下降,阿托伐他汀明显提高冠心病患者EPCs的增殖力(0.14± 0.02 to 0.20± 0.02,P＜0.05);该作用可为Pl3/Akt通道阻滞剂LY294002阻断(0.20± 0.02 t0 0.16±0.02,P＜0.001),但ERK信号通道阻滞剂PD98059无此作用(0.20±0.02比0.20±0.02,P＞0.05).结论:阿托伐他汀可通过PI3/Akt通道而非ERK信号通道上调冠心病患者外周血来源EPCs的增殖力.     

BI-847325诱导甲状腺癌细胞BCPAP凋亡并促进钠/碘转运体的表达

[目的]研究新型MEK抑制剂BI-847325对BRAFV600E突变型甲状腺癌细胞BCPAP增殖的抑制作用以及对凋亡相关蛋白、摄碘蛋白钠/碘转运体(sodium/iodide symporter,NIS)的表达调控。[方法]不同浓度的BI-847325处理BCPAP细胞,CCK-8法测定存活率并计算半抑制浓度IC50;流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡;Western Blot测定MEK 1/2、ERK1/2的活化水平及其下游抗凋亡蛋白BCL-2、促凋亡蛋白BIM、BAX,以及NIS的表达。[结果]BI-847325浓度依赖性抑制BCPAP细胞的增殖,48 h IC50为0.46μmol/L。BI-847325浓度为0.4μmol/L时,BCPAP细胞凋亡率为(26.41±2.23)%,差异极显著(p0.01);BI-847325可以抑制MEK 1/2、ERK1/2的活化,下调BCL-2、上调BIM和BAX的表达,并上调NIS的表达。[结论]BI-847325通过MEK信号通路诱导甲状腺癌细胞BCPAP细胞凋亡,并上调NIS的表达,有促进131I摄取的潜力。     

ERK-VEG FMMP-9信号通路与直肠癌细胞增殖和血管新生的关联

为了探讨ERK-VEGFMMP-9信号通路与直肠癌细胞增殖和血管新生的关联,本研究以不同浓度(10～100μmol/L)的丙泊酚处理HT-29细胞0、48 h、72 h,研究丙泊酚对HT-29细胞中ERK、MMP-9和VEGF的影响,并利用Western blotting法观察HT-29细胞中ERK1/2、MMP-9和VEGF的表达量与信号通路之间的关系。观察丙泊酚处理后对HT-29细胞增殖能力、血管生成能力、细胞侵袭能力的影响。研究结果表明,在细胞中,VEGF与MMP-9蛋白的表达,均随着丙泊酌剂量的增加而呈现逐渐减少的趋势。与对照组相比,50μmol/L组与100μmol/L组降低(p0.05);细胞内VEGF和MMP-9蛋白的表达量随药物处理时间的增加而逐渐降低,与0 h相比,48 h组和72h组降低(p0.05)。细胞中pERK与ERK的比率随着丙泊酌剂量的增加而逐渐降低。与对照组相比,50μmol/L组与100μmol/L组降低(p0.05),pERK与ERK的比率随着用药时间的增加而逐渐降低。与0相比,48 h组与72 h组降低(p0.05)。与0剂量相比,丙泊酚加PMA组MMP-9蛋白的表达量显著升高,50μmol/L组和100μmol/L组增加(p0.05),丙泊酚加PMA组MMP-9蛋白的表达量随着时间的增加而明显的增加,与0h相比,48 h和72 h增加(p0.05)。与0组相比,丙泊酚加PMA组VEGP的表达量明显增加,50μmol/L组和100μmol/L组增加(p0.05),丙泊酚加PMA组VEGP的表达量随时间增加而增加,与Oh相比,48h和72h显著增加(p0.05)。25μmol/L组、50μmol/L组、100μmol/L组Eca109细胞的增殖力、细胞中CAM的新生血管的生成、细胞的侵袭力与对照组相比均显著增加(p0.05),48 h组、72 h组Eca109细胞的增殖力、细胞中CAM的新生血管的生成、细胞的侵袭力与对照组相比均显著增加(p0.05)。丙泊酚通过ERK-VEGF/MMP-9的信号的调制,从而抑制人类的HT-29细胞的增殖、侵袭的体外和血管的生成。     

ERK活化对哮喘大鼠气道重塑及CyclinD1表达的影响

目的探讨细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶（ERK）对哮喘大鼠气道重塑及CyclinD1表达的作用。方法原代培养大鼠的平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）,给予ERK激动剂表皮生长因子EGF和抑制剂PD98059干预ASMCs生长,依处理方式不同分为5组：（1）正常对照组（2）哮喘对照组;（3）E组：EGF20 ng/mL;（4）P＋E组,PD98059 10μmol/L1 h后添加EGF 20 ng/mL;（5）PD组,PD98059 10μmol/L。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）增殖能力,流式细胞术（FCM）测定细胞周期和cyclinD1的蛋白含量,RT-PCR方法检测cyclinD1mRNA表达水平。结果（1）与哮喘对照组比较,E组ASMCs S＋G2/M期比例、吸光度A值、cyclinD1蛋白阳性表达率和cyclinD1 mRNA的A值均显著升高,PD组均显著降低（P〈0.05）。P＋E组与哮喘对照在此4项指标上比较无明显差异。（2）哮喘（对照组、E组、PD组和P＋E组）组与正常对照组,其S＋G2/M期比例、吸光度A值、cyclinD1蛋白和cyclinD1 mRNA的表达均显著增高（P〈0.05）。结论ERK活性促进哮喘大鼠ASMCs的增殖,增加cyclinD1在哮喘平滑肌细胞中的表达,导致气道重塑的形成,提示ERK可能对CyclinD1的表达具有调节作用。     

JNK、ERK信号通路在NaAsO_2诱导骨髓间充质干细胞增殖中的作用

目的：研究c-jnk氨基末端激酶（JNK）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）在亚砷酸钠（NaAs02）诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）增殖中的作用。方法：体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT法）检测细胞增殖,Western-blot检测磷酸化JNK、ERK表达水平。结果：低浓度1、2μmol/LNaAs02对BMSC有明显的促进增殖作用;高浓度16、32μmol/LNaAs02则对细胞生长产生抑制作用,具有一定剂量-效应关系;2、4、8μmol/LNaAs02处理BMSC24h后,JNK磷酸化表达水平明显增加,ERK磷酸化表达水平明显降低;JNK抑制剂SP600125可明显降低高浓度16、32μmol/LNaAs02的生长抑制作用;ERK抑制剂PD98059可抑制低浓度1、2μmol/LNaAs02对BMSC的促增殖作用。结论：低浓度NaAs02激活ERK信号通路,提高细胞增殖率,可被抑制剂PD98059阻断;高浓度NaAs02激活JNK信号通路,提高细胞凋亡率,可被抑制剂SP600125阻断。NaAs02致癌机制可能与JNK、ERK信号通路作用相关。     

MAPKs介导NMDA诱导的大鼠皮层神经元凋亡(英文)

NMDA诱导兴奋毒造成的神经损伤,包括细胞的凋亡和坏死。本研究旨在探讨神经元凋亡在NMDA兴奋毒所致大鼠皮层神经元死亡中的所占比例,并分析了NMDA致神经元凋亡的信号通路机制。通过使用Caspase抑制剂和测定乳酸脱氢酶活性,研究NMDA(100μmol/L,2h)兴奋毒所致的神经元凋亡;并使用MAPKs选择性抑制剂,分别采用Caspase-3活性检测,TUNEL和Annexin V染色方法,进一步观察MAPKs通路中细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)和p38 MAPK三条不同途径在NMDA所致神经元凋亡中的作用。结果显示:(1)Caspase依赖的凋亡占NMDA所致细胞死亡总数的22.49%;(2)p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580(10μmol/L)使NMDA诱导的caspase-3活性降低30.43%(P0.05);而ERK抑制剂PD98059(20μmol/L)和JNK抑制剂SP600125(20 μmol/L)不影响caspase-3的活性;(3)SB203580(10μmol/L)使NMDA所致的TUNEL阳性细胞数减少33.10%(P0.05);而PD98059(20μmol/L)或SP600125(20μmol/L)都没有作用;(4)Annexin V染色结果显示,SB203580(10μmol/L)使NMDA所致的早期凋亡细胞减少55.56%(P0.05);SP600125(20μmol/L)使NMDA所致的晚期凋亡/死亡细胞减少67.59%(P0.05);PD98059(20μmol/L)对细胞凋亡/死亡没有明显作用。以上结果表明,NMDA介导的大鼠皮层神经元死亡除坏死外,还包含有一小部分神经元凋亡;p38 MAPK途径,而非JNK和ERK途径,介导了NMDA诱导的神经元凋亡,抑制与此相关的凋亡信号通路可发挥神经保护作用;JNK途径可能介导了NMDA所致的神经元坏死而非凋亡。     

雷公藤红素对抗过氧化氢诱导肌萎缩性侧索硬化症细胞模型氧化损伤的保护作用

本研究旨在探讨在H_2O_2诱导氧化应激损伤条件下,雷公藤红素对肌萎缩性侧索硬化症细胞模型SOD1~(G93A)NSC34的保护作用及其相关分子机制。用不同剂量H_2O_2、雷公藤红素处理表达人突变SOD1~(G93A)基因的NSC34细胞24 h后,CCK-8试剂检测细胞存活率;丙二醛试剂盒检测细胞内丙二醛水平;real-time PCR检测细胞谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit,GCLC)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GST)的表达水平;Western blot检测药物处理后细胞内MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt细胞信号通路的激活。结果显示,50 nmol/L雷公藤红素预处理可提高H_2O_2(10μmol/L)损伤后SOD1~(G93A)NSC34细胞的生存率,并使细胞内MDA生成减少,逆转H_2O_2诱导的SOD1~(G93A)NSC34细胞内谷胱甘肽合成相关酶GCLC和GST mRNA表达下调。雷公藤红素处理0.5 h、1 h分别激活SOD1~(G93A)NSC34细胞内MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt信号通路达峰值,且MEK抑制剂PD98059和Akt抑制剂MK2206可阻断雷公藤红素对相关信号通路的激活效应。PD98059、MK2206预处理30 min均抑制雷公藤红素引起的SOD1~(G93A)NSC34细胞内GCLC和GST上调。以上研究结果提示,雷公藤红素对肌萎缩性侧索硬化症细胞模型SOD1~(G93A)NSC34细胞有抗氧化应激的保护作用,该神经保护作用与雷公藤红素调节SOD1~(G93A)NSC34细胞内谷胱甘肽合成相关酶类生成有关,细胞内MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt信号通路参与此调节过程。     

欧前胡素通过ERK1/2信号保护心肌细胞低氧性损伤

目的:研究欧前胡素对低氧诱导的大鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用和机制。方法:采用CO2-95%和N2-5%的细胞培养箱诱导H9c2大鼠心肌细胞建立心肌细胞低氧损伤模型,采用不同浓度的欧前胡素孵育细胞12、24 h,检测上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde MDA)的含量。采用MTT方法检测细胞的存活率,Annexin V/PI双标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡比例,蛋白质印迹法检测检ERK1/2蛋白的表达。结果:低氧处理H9c2心肌细胞12 h后,上清中LDH和MDA的含量分别为(523.28±90.29)U/L和(5.59±0.33)U/L,均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而SOD的含量[(12.23±1.38)U/mg]明显低于对照组(P0.05)。低、高浓度欧前胡素孵育12 h后,细胞存活率分别为(64.51±2.78)%和(73.22±3.56)%,低、高浓度欧前胡素孵育24 h后,细胞存活率分别为(80.21±4.67)%和(87.38±5.41)%,均较与模型组显著升高(P0.05)。高浓度欧前胡素孵育12 h和24 h后凋亡细胞比例分别为(39.67±4.11)%和(49.61±3.39)%,均较模型组显著降低(P0.05),10μmol/L的PD98059阻断ERK1/2信号通路后细胞存活率均较高浓度欧前胡素组显著降低,凋亡细胞比例较高浓度欧前胡素明显升高(P0.05)。高浓度欧前胡素孵育12 h和24 h后,ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量分别为(1.92±0.09)和(2.42±0.21),与模型组相比均显著增加(P0.05)。结论:欧前胡素可能通过活化ERK1/2信号通路保护低氧诱导的心肌细胞损伤。     

吴茱萸碱抑制人结肠癌HCT-116细胞体外增殖和迁移

吴茱萸碱(Evodiamine,Evo)对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞体外增殖和转移的影响及其可能机制初探。体外培养人结肠癌HCT-116细胞株,加入Evo1.5μmol/L、3μmol/L、6μmol/L、12μmol/L、24μmol/L、48μmol/L、96μmol/L继续培养48 h,CCK-8法检测Evo对HCT-116细胞生存活性的影响;Transwell法和划痕法检测STF-118804、Evo对HCT-116细胞体外迁移的影响;RT-PCR和Western blotting检测不同浓度的Evo(0μmol/L,1.5μmol/L,3μmol/L,6μmol/L)和STF-118804(10μg/L)诱导HCT-116细胞48 h后,细胞中SIRT1、NF-кB、MMP-9蛋白的表达情况。不同浓度的Evo(1.5μmol/L,3μmol/L,6μmol/L,12μmol/L,24μmol/L,48μmol/L,96μmol/L)作用于HCT-116细胞48 h后,细胞的增殖均受到明显抑制(p0.05),且在一定范围内呈浓度依赖性;且Evo能抑制HCT-116细胞的迁移。Evo可明显下调HCT-116细胞内SIRT1、MMP-9 m RNA和蛋白的表达,上调NF-кB m RNA和蛋白的表达。体外实验表明,Evo对结肠癌细胞增殖和迁移的抑制作用是通过抑制SIRT1的表达,激活NF-кB信号通路,进而抑制MMP-9来实现的。     

Genistein modulates prostate epithelial cell proliferation via estrogen- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent pathways

Epidemiological evidence suggests that consumption of soy is associated with a decreased risk for prostate cancer. Genistein, the most abundant isoflavone present in soy, is thought to be responsible, in part, for these anticancer effects. The present study examined the effects of genistein on cellular proliferation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activity and apoptosis in a nontumorigenic human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1). Low concentrations of genistein (0-12.5 micromol/L) significantly increased cell proliferation and ERK1/2 activity (P<.01) in RWPE-1 cells, while higher concentrations (50 and 100 micromol/L) of genistein significantly inhibited cell proliferation and ERK1/2 activity (P<.001). A similar biphasic effect of genistein on MEK1 activity, an ERK1/2 kinase, was also observed. Pretreatment of cells with a MEK1 inhibitor (PD 098059) significantly blocked genistein-induced proliferation and ERK1/2 activity (P<.01). In addition, treatment of cells with ICI 182,780, a pure antiestrogen, inhibited genistein-induced RWPE-1 proliferation and ERK1/2 signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that genistein modulates RWPE-1 cell proliferation and signal transduction via an estrogen-dependent pathway involving ERK1/2 activation.     

细胞外信号调节激酶活化在慢性支气管哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

本文旨在探讨细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK）在慢性支气管哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（airway smooth muscle cells,ASMCs）增殖中的作用。建立慢性哮喘大鼠模型,用ERK激动剂表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）和抑制剂PD98059干预慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs的培养。采用流式细胞仪、四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法、^3H-thymidine（TdR）掺入法和增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）免疫组织化学法检测ASMCs增殖情况,观察ERK信号通路对ASMCs增殖的影响。RT-PCR和Western blot检测ERK mRNA和ERK1／2、磷酸化ERK1／2（p-ERK1／2）蛋白的表达。与正常对照组ASMCs比较,慢性哮喘组ASMCs的G0/G1期细胞所占比例明显减少,S＋G2／M期细胞所占比例增高;吸光度（A490）值、细胞DNA合成量和PCNA阳性表达量均明显增加,ERK mRNA、ERK1／2蛋白、P-ERK1／2蛋白的表达量以及ERK活化率显著增高。经PD98059干预之后,慢性哮喘组ASMCs的S＋G2／M期细胞所占比例、A490值、细胞DNA合成量和PCNA阳性表达量明显降低,ERK mRNA、ERK1／2蛋白、p-ERK1／2蛋白的表达量以及ERK活化率显著降低。经EGF干预后,慢性哮喘组ASMCs的S＋G2／M期细胞所占比例、A490值、细胞DNA合成量和PCNA阳性表达量进一步增高,而这一作用可以被PD98059抑制。以上结果提示,慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs内源性增殖活性增加,ERK1／2参与其增殖活性的调控,ERK信号通路在哮喘气道重建的ASMCs增殖调控中具有重要作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ上调自发性高血压大鼠和Wistar-Kyoto大鼠血管平滑肌细胞外信号调节激酶的信号转导

本文研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)和Wistar- Kyoto(WKY)大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells．VSMCs)细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated pro- tein kinases,ERKs)信号途径的影响。体外培养SHR和WKY大鼠的VSMCs,先在培养基中加入终浓度为1×105mmol／L 的缬沙坦或1×105mmol／L的PD98059或不加药物,再给予1×107mmol／L的Ang Ⅱ刺激24 h后收集细胞,以无血清培养基 培养的VSMCs作对照。用免疫沉淀法测定ERK活性;用Western-blot方法检测总ERK(total ERK,t-ERK)、磷酸化ERK (phosphorylated-ERK,p-ERK)及丝裂素活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶-1(mitogen-activated protem kinases phosphatase-1,MKP-1)水 平;用RT-PCR法半定量测定MKP-1 mRNA的含量。结果显示:(1)SHR和WKY大鼠Ang Ⅱ刺激组VSMCs中ERK活 性、p-ERK、MKP-1及MKP-1 mRNA水平均明显高于对照组(P<0．05);SHR和WKY大鼠Ang Ⅱ+缬沙坦组和Ang Ⅱ +PD98059组的上述指标与对照组比较均无显著性差异。(2)SHR大鼠VSMCs中ERK活性、P-ERK、MKP-1及MKP-1 mRNA均显著高于相同干预的WKY大鼠(P<0．01)。(3)SHR和WKY大鼠之间以及对照组、Ang Ⅱ刺激组、Ang Ⅱ+缬沙 坦组和Ang Ⅱ+PD98059组间VSMCs中t-ERK水平均无显著性差异。以上结果表明,Ang Ⅱ可能主要通过其1型(Ang Ⅱ type 1,AT)受体激活SHR和WKY大鼠VSMCs中ERK途径,增加ERK活性和p-ERK蛋白水平,继而引起MKP-1及 MKP-1 mRNA水平升高。     

p38 and ERK1/2 coordinate cellular migration and proliferation in epithelial wound healing: evidence of cross-talk activation between MAP kinase cascades

One important action of growth factors is their participation in tissue repair; however, the signaling pathways involved are poorly understood. In a model of corneal wound healing, we found that two paracrine growth factors, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), induced rapid and marked activation and prompt nuclear accumulation of phospho-p38 (p-p38) and -ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), but not of JNK (p-JNK1/2), in corneal epithelial cells. Interruption of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by pretreatment with inhibitors SB203580 and PD98059 and subsequent stimulation with HGF or KGF abolished the activation and nuclear localization. Inhibition of either one of these mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38 or ERK1/2, induced a robust cross-activation of the other. In immunofluorescence studies of wounded cornea, p-p38, unlike p-ERK1/2, was immediately detectable in epithelium after injury. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 blocked migration of epithelial cells almost completely. In contrast, PD98059 seemed to slightly increase the migration, through concomitant activation of p38. Unlike ERK1/2, p38 did not significantly contribute to proliferation of epithelial cells. Inhibition of either the ERK1/2 or p38 pathway resulted in delayed corneal epithelial wound healing. Interruption of both signaling cascades additively inhibited the wound-healing process. These findings demonstrate that both p38 and ERK1/2 coordinate the dynamics of wound healing: while growth factor-stimulated p38 induces epithelial migration, ERK1/2 activation induces proliferation. The cross-talk between these two signal cascades and the selective action of p38 in migration appear to be important to corneal wound healing, and possibly wound healing in general, and may offer novel drug targets for tissue repair.     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1在鼻咽癌细胞中通过ERK介导Ets-1表达

为了探讨EB病毒编码的潜伏膜蛋白1(LMP1)对核转录因子Ets-1表达和活化的影响,并证实细胞外信号调节激酶1/2（ERK1/2）参与了该过程,选用可调控表达LMP1的鼻咽癌细胞系L7,应用蛋白质印迹法检测Ets-1、p-ERK蛋白质表达,免疫共沉淀-蛋白质印迹法检测Ets-1磷酸化状态,使用ERK1/2特异性小分子阻断物PD98059作用后,蛋白质印迹法检测p-ERK、Ets-1表达及磷酸化变化.结果显示：在L7细胞中诱导性LMP1可促进p-ERK、Ets-1蛋白质表达及其苏氨酸残基磷酸化,在一定范围呈时间和剂量效应;通过PD98059对诱导性LMP1作用的干预发现,p-ERK大部分表达被阻断,而Ets-1表达及其苏氨酸磷酸化也被部分阻断,以上结果提示ERK部分介导了LMP1诱导Ets-1表达和活化.     

Retinoic acid increases amount of phosphorylated raf; Ectopic expression of cFMS reveals that retinoic acid-induced differentiation is more strongly dependent on ERK2 signaling than induced go arrest is

Summary Retinoic acid is known to cause the myeloid differentiation and G1/0 cell cycle arrest of HL-60 cells in a process that requires mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK)-dependent extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)2 activation. It has also been shown that ectopic expression of cFMS, a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-family transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, enhances retinoic acid-induced differentiation and G1/0 arrest. The mechanism of how the retinoic acid and cFMS signaling pathways intersect is not known. The present data show that the ectopic expression of cFMS results in the differential loss of sensitivity of retinoic acid-induced differentiation or G1/0 arrest to inhibition of ERK2 activation. PD98059 was used to inhibit MEK and consequently ERK2. In wild-type HL-60 cells, PD98059 blocked retinoic acid-induced differentiation; but in cFMS stable transfectants, PD98059 only attenuated the induced differentiation, with the resulting response resembling that of retinoic acid-treated wild-type HL-60. In wild-type HL-60, PD98059 greatly attenuated the retinoic acid-induced G1/0 arrest allied with retinoblastoma (RB) hypophosphorylation; but in cFMS stable transfectants, PD98059 had no inhibitory effect on RB hypophosphorylation and G1/0 arrest. This differential sensitivity to PD98059 and uncoupling of retinoic acid-induced differentiation and G1/0 arrest in cFMS transfectants is associated with changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling molecules. The cFMS transfectants had more activated ERK2 than did the wild-type cells, which surprisingly was not attributable to enhanced mitogen-activated protein-kinase-kinase-kinase (RAF) phosphorylation. Retinoic acid increased the amount of activated ERK2 and phosphorylated RAF in both cell lines. But PD98059 eliminated detectable ERK2 activation, as well as inhibited RAF phosphorylation, in untreated and retinoic acid-treated wild-type HL-60 and cFMS transfectants, consistent with MEK or ERK feedback-regulation of RAF, in all four cases. Since PD98059 blocks the cFMS-conferred enhancement of the retinoic acid-induced differentiation, but not growth arrest, the data indicate that cFMS-enhanced differentiation acts primarily through MEK and ERK2, but cFMS-enhanced G1/0 arrest allied with RB hypophosphorylation depends on another cFMS signal route, which by itself can effect G1/0 arrest without activated ERK2. Ectopic expression of cFMS and differential sensitivity to ERK2 inhibition thus reveal that retinoic acid-induced HL-60 cell differentiation and G1/0 arrest are differentially dependent on ERK2 and can be uncoupled. A significant unanticipated finding was that retinoic acid caused a MEK-dependent increase in the amount of phosphorylated RAF. This increase may help sustain prolonged ERK2 activation.     

ERK信号通道调控大鼠气道平滑肌细胞的增殖与凋亡

 为了了解ERK信号通道对正常大鼠气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cells, ASMCs)增殖与凋亡的调控. 通过对正常大鼠ASMCs原代培养,4～7代用于实验,以ERK激动剂表皮生长因子（EGF）和抑制剂PD98059干预ASMCs生长,采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光染色观察ASMCs上ERK mRNA和蛋白的表达,MTT法、^３Ｈ-TdR掺入法检测ASMC增殖,Hoechst染色和Annexin-Ⅴ FITC PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡,Western免疫印迹检测ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2和procaspase-3蛋白的表达.结果发现ASMCs上存在ERK mRNA和蛋白的表达,与空白对照组比较,PD98059干预后ASMCs的Ａ_４９０值和细胞DNA合成量均减少(Ｐ<0.05),细胞凋亡指数、早期凋亡细胞百分率均增高(Ｐ<0.05),ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2表达和ERK活化率均降低, procaspase-3蛋白的表达增高.EGF干预后ASMCs的Ａ_４９０值和细胞DNA合成量均增高(Ｐ<0.05),细胞凋亡指数、早期凋亡细胞百分率均下降(Ｐ<0.05),ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2表达和ERK活化率均增高, procaspase-3蛋白的表达降低.P+E组无明显差异(P>0.05).ERK信号通道参与大鼠ASMCs增殖和凋亡的调控,ERK对大鼠ASMCs凋亡的调控与procaspase-3蛋白有关,这一发现将有助于对哮喘ASMCs异常增殖调控机制的深入研究.     

SPARCL1通过MEK/ERK信号通路调节非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡和侵袭

摘要 目的：分析富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白类似蛋白1（SPARCL1）对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭的影响,并探讨分裂原活化抑制剂（MEK）/细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）通路在其中发挥的作用。方法：收集2019年9月~2021年6月期间本院接受手术治疗的84例NSCLC患者癌组织与相应癌旁组织,实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）法测定并比较各组织以及正常肺上皮细胞HBEpiC、NSCLC细胞A549、HCC827、H1299、H292中SPARCL1 信使RNA（mRNA）表达水平,选取A549、HCC827培养并分组,分为对照组、NC siRNA组、SPARCL1 siRNA组、U0126组（MEK/ERK特异性抑制剂）、SPARCL1 siRNA加U0126组,细胞计数法（CCK8）以及平板克隆法测定A549、HCC827细胞增殖,流式细胞仪测定A549、HCC827细胞凋亡,Transwell小室法测定A549、HCC827细胞侵袭能力,蛋白质印迹法（western blot）检测SPARCL1、p-MEK、MEK、p-ERK1/2、ERK1/2蛋白表达。结果：SPARCL1在NSCLC组织中mRNA表达水平低于癌旁组织（P＜0.05）;与HBEpiC细胞相比,NSCLC细胞A549、HCC827、H1299、H292细胞中SPARCL1 mRNA表达水平降低（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,SPARCL1 siRNA组A549、HCC827细胞SPARCL1 mRNA表达水平与蛋白表达、凋亡率降低（P＜0.05）,OD₄₅₀、克隆形成数、侵袭细胞数、p-MEK/MEK、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2蛋白表达升高（P＜0.05）,U0126组A549、HCC827细胞SPARCL1 mRNA表达水平与蛋白表达、凋亡率升高（P＜0.05）,OD₄₅₀、克隆形成数、侵袭细胞数、p-MEK/MEK、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）;与SPARCL1 siRNA组相比,SPARCL1 siRNA加U0126组A549、HCC827细胞SPARCL1 mRNA表达水平与蛋白表达、凋亡率升高（P＜0.05）,OD₄₅₀、克隆形成数、侵袭细胞数、p-MEK/MEK、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）。结论：SPARCL1可能通过调控MEK/ERK通路影响NSCLC A549、HCC827细胞增殖、侵袭与凋亡。     

HGF triggers activation of the COX-2 gene in rat gastric epithelial cells: action mediated through the ERK2 signaling pathway.

Although it is established that growth factors and prostaglandins function in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity and in the healing of gastric mucosal injury and ulceration, the regulatory relationship between growth factors and prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa is not well characterized. Therefore, we investigated whether hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) affects expression of COX-2 (the inducible form of the prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme, cyclooxygenase) in gastric epithelial cells and whether this action is mediated through the MAP (ERK) kinase signaling pathway. In RGM1 cells (an epithelial cell line derived from normal rat gastric mucosa), HGF caused an increase in COX-2 mRNA and protein by 236% and 175%, respectively (both P<0.05). This induction of COX-2 expression was abolished by pretreatment with the MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059. HGF also triggered a 13-fold increase in c-Met/HGF receptor phosphorylation (P<0.005) and increased ERK2 activity by 684% (P<0.01). Pretreatment with PD98059 abolished the HGF-induced increase in ERK2 activity, but not c-Met/HGF receptor phosphorylation. The specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, SB203580, had no effect on HGF-induced COX-2 expression. Thus, HGF triggers activation of the COX-2 gene in gastric epithelial cells through phosphorylation of c-Met/HGF receptor and activation of the ERK2 signaling pathway.-Jones, M. K., Sasaki, E., Halter, F., Pai, R., Nakamura, T., Arakawa, T., Kuroki, T., Tarnawski, A. S. HGF triggers activation of the COX-2 gene in rat gastric epithelial cells: action mediated through the ERK2 signaling pathway.     

Proliferation of IL-6-independent multiple myeloma does not require the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2)

The evolutionarily conserved Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is thought to be essential for proliferation of eukaryotic cells. The human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line 8226 encodes an activated K-ras allele and proliferates without requirement for the main MM growth and survival factor IL-6. Surprisingly, the addition of the MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 or U0126 to 8226 cultures at doses that block virtually all ERK1/2 activity had minimal effects on the rapid proliferation of this cell line. In contrast, proliferation of the IL-6-dependent MM cell line, ANBL-6 was blocked by PD98059. Levels of activated forms of the other classical MAP kinases (JNK and p38) were very low during MM cell proliferation and, therefore, do not substitute for the mitogenic activities normally regulated by ERK kinases. These data demonstrate that proliferation of 8226 cells does not require ERK1/2 activity, and suggest that IL-6-independent growth of MM may correlate with independence from a requirement for ERK activity. Other signal transduction pathways that appear to regulate cell cycle progression in these cells were examined.