MMP-9和PTEN在胶质瘤中的表达及相关性分析

目的：检测脑胶质瘤组织中MMP-9和PTEN表达情况并探讨其意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测50例脑胶质瘤、10例正常脑组织中两者的表达。结果：脑胶质瘤组织中MMP一9和PTEN表达定位于细胞浆,其阳性表达率分别为74．00％（37／50）和60．00％（30／60）与正常脑组织0、100％有差异（P〈0．05）。两者的表达与胶质瘤患者的年龄、性别无明显相关性（P〉O．05）,但高级别组与低级别组之间表达有差异,具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;在脑胶质瘤组织中MMP-9蛋白的阳性表达与PTEN蛋白的阳性表达有相关性,二者呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：MMP．9蛋白在胶质瘤组织中的表达明显高于正常脑组织,并且高级别胶质瘤组的表达明显高于低级别胶质瘤组中的表达,提示MMP-9可能与胶质瘤的浸润、发展、转移有关,可作为一个预测胶质瘤侵袭转移能力的肿瘤标志物。PTEN蛋白在正常脑组织中的表达明显高于胶质瘤,且高级别组表达明显高于低级别组,提示PTEN基因突变或缺失在胶质瘤的发生发展中起重要作用,且与肿瘤恶性分化程度密切相关,表明PTEN的失活预示着一个特殊的进展性的临床行为,在胶质瘤恶性进展中属于较晚发生的分子事件。     

CD47 在急性白血病干细胞中的表达及其对临床疗效及预后的影响

目的:探讨CD47在急性白血病患者骨髓白血病细胞的表达及其临床意义。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年5月在我院确诊的急性白血病患者101例作为研究对象,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病50例(ALL组),急性髓系白血病51例(AML组)。另选取同期在我院接受体检的健康志愿者39例作为对照组。采用流式细胞仪检测白血病细胞表面CD47的表达情况,并分析CD47表达与急性白血病患者临床疗效及复发情况的关系。结果:急性白血病患者白血病细胞CD47的阳性表达率明显高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而ALL组与AML组患者白血病细胞CD47的阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CD47阴性表达的急性白血病患者CR率显著高于阳性表达者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);ALL组和AML组CD47阴性表达患者CR率显著高于CD47阳性表达患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CD47阳性表达的急性白血病患者复发率显著高于阴性表达患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);ALL组和AML组CD47表达阳性患者复发率明显高于阴性患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性白血病患者白血病细胞表面CD47的表达异常升高,且与白血病患者的疗效和预后有关,CD47可能作为一种急性白血病的诊断及疗效和预后的辅助评估指标。     

ABCG2与胶质瘤血管形成及预后的相关研究

目的:研究ABCG2在胶质瘤血管形成过程中与VEGF、VEGFR和CD34的关系,探讨其在血管形成中的作用及对胶质瘤患者生存预后的影响。方法:采用脑胶质瘤的组织芯片技术,分析ABCG2、VEGF和VEGFR(flt-1)在胶质瘤中的表达率,根据CD34阳性的血管计数判定微血管密度(MVD);另用免疫荧光共聚焦检测ABCG2与CD34、VEGF的共表达;用COX回归模型分析ABCG2对胶质瘤患者预后影响。结果:ABCG2、VEGF、VEGFR(flt-1)和CD34阳性表达率随着胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而增高。ABCG2Ⅰ、Ⅱ级之间无统计学差异,其余各级别之间存在统计学差异(P0.05);ABCG2与病理级别呈正相关;ABCG2表达水平与MVD显著相关,γ=0.540,P0.001。ABCG2、VEGF和VEGFR(flt-1)均为阳性表达的肿瘤标本MVD平均值显著高于ABCG2阴性表达者,P0.001。ABCG2与CD34、VEGF共表达于血管壁。COX回归模型证明ABCG2是胶质瘤患者预后的危险因素。结论:ABCG2阳性表达细胞具有向肿瘤血管细胞分化的潜能,对肿瘤血管研究重要意义,且ABCG2表达可作为考察胶质瘤患者预后的重要指标。     

Stathmin 在微血管内皮细胞的表达与胶质瘤恶性程度关系

目的:检测Stathmin在正常脑组织及不同级别胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞中的表达情况。方法:利用结合CD105单克隆抗体的免疫磁珠内皮细胞分选系统特异性分选出68例胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞(其中低级别胶质瘤(WHO分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ)24例,高级别胶质瘤(WHO分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ)44例)和20例正常脑组织微血管内皮细胞。应用免疫组化、RT-PCR和Western blot检测Stathmin在胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞和正常脑组织微血管内皮细胞中的表达。结果:免疫组化证实Stathmin在正常脑组织微血管内皮细胞、低级别胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞和高级别胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞的表达百分率分别是20%,66%和95%(P<0.05)。RT-PCR和Western blot法检测显示,Stathmin在胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞中的表达明显增高。低级别胶质瘤组、高级别胶质瘤组分别与正常组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.01);且低级别胶质瘤组与高级别胶质瘤组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01),随着胶质瘤恶性程度的增加,Stathmin表达上调,具有统计学意义。结论:Stathmin在脑胶质瘤微血管内皮细胞中表达随肿瘤恶性程度增高而增加,可能为脑胶质瘤的生物治疗提供一个新靶点。     

人脑胶质瘤GDNF基因启动子I区H3组蛋白乙酰化修饰情况

目的：明确GDNF启动子I区在人脑胶质瘤中H,赖氨酸残基9位乙酰化（H3K9Ac）情况,探讨其对于GDNF在胶质瘤中表达的影响。方法：RT-PCR检测各组中GDNFmRNA的表达;建立基于Real．timePCR分析的染色质免疫共沉淀（CHIP）方法,检测12例胶质瘤与6例正常脑组织中GDNF基因启动子I区王H3组蛋白乙酰化情况。结果：Real-timePCR验证人脑胶质瘤GDNFmRNA的表达,转录水平随级另q的增高而增高,且低级别组、高级别组与正常组之间存在显著的统计学差异（P〈0．05）。启动子I区的H,组蛋白乙酰化水平,正常组与低级别组和高级别组之间比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,且低级别与高级别之间也有显著性差异。结论：在人脑胶质瘤组织中,GDNF启动子I区发生了H3组蛋白高乙酰化修饰,这种修饰很可能会影响GDNF基因的表达。     

MMP-2、MMP-7在卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨MMP-2、MMP-7的表达与卵巢癌临床病理生物学行为的关系以及对患者预后的影响.方法 应用核酸原位杂交和免疫组化对97例卵巢上皮性癌和23例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织进行MMP-2、MMP-7mRNA及蛋白的检测.结果 MMP-2、MMP-7 mRNA及蛋白的表达阳性率在卵巢癌组均显著高于良性肿瘤组(P<0.05).多因素分析,PTNM分期、MMP-2及MMP-7的表达是影响卵巢癌根治术后患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05);MMP-2阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为30.6%和76.0%,MMP-7阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为19.7%和80.6%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MMP-2、MMP-7的过表达促进卵巢癌的浸润和转移,联合检测MMP-2和MMP-7可能作为预测和评价患者预后的生物学指标.     

乳铁蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的：通过对乳铁蛋白生物学特性的研究,分析其在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义。方法：通过免疫组化方法测定10例非肿瘤脑组织和46例胶质瘤（其中低级别胶质瘤27例（I级和II级）和高级别胶质瘤19例（III级和Ⅳ级）中乳铁蛋白的表达情况并分析二者的相关性。用RT—PCR技术及Westem—blot方法测定非肿瘤脑组织、低级别组胶质瘤和高级别胶质瘤组乳铁蛋白的表达量并分析二者的相关性。结果：乳铁蛋白在非肿瘤脑组织及不同级别胶质瘤中的表达情况不同,其在低级别胶质瘤中有表达,略低于非肿瘤脑组织;而在高级别胶质瘤中表达显著减少或者表达不明显,明显低于低级别胶质瘤和非肿瘤脑组织（免疫组化、RT．PCR及Western．Blot的P值分别为P=0．001、P=0．003、P=0．004）。结论：乳铁蛋白在非肿瘤脑组织和不同级别胶质瘤中的表达有差异,提示乳铁蛋白参与了人脑胶质瘤发生与发展的过程。高级别胶质瘤的高度恶性和高侵袭性可能与乳铁蛋白表达的下调从而丧失对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用相关。     

CD147 在前列腺癌中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系

目的:研究CD147在还没前列腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系。方法:选择2013年10月-2015年10月我院收治的前列腺癌患者61例作为研究对象,另选取同期接受手术治疗的前列腺增生患者49例作为对照组,术中收集前列腺癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织以及前列腺增生患者的组织标本,采用免疫组化法检测CD147在前列腺癌组织、癌旁组织及前列腺增生组织中的表达情况。结果:CD147在前列腺癌组织中的阳性表达率(95.08%)显著高于癌旁组织(32.79%)和前列腺增生组织(16.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD147在癌旁组织中的阳性表达率(32.79%)高于前列腺增生组织(16.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。CD147的阳性表达与前列腺癌Gleason分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:CD147在前列腺癌组织中呈阳性表达,且Gleason病理分级≥5、临床分期T3~4、淋巴结转移N1及远处转移M1均为前列腺癌组织中CD147m RNA阳性表达的危险因素。     

CD44v6和MMP-2 在子宫内膜异位症组织中的表达及相关性

目的:探讨粘附分子CD44拼构变异体6(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织中的表达及相关性。方法:选取40例异位内膜组织标本、40例在位内膜组织标本及40例正常子宫内膜标本,用免疫组织化学方法检测CD44v6和MMP-2的表达,并分析其相关性。结果:CD44v6在异位内膜组的表达明显高于在位内膜组和对照组,且对照组明显高于在位内膜组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD44v6在在位内膜组和对照组中分泌期的表达明显高于同组增生期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-2在异位内膜组和在位内膜组的表达明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);MMP-2在各组增生期和分泌期表达不规律。异位内膜组中,CD44v6和MMP-2在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示:EMs组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间呈现正相关性(r=0.724,P0.05);EMs不同分期组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间亦呈现正相关性(r=0.623,P0.05)。结论:CD44v6和MMP-2在EMs异位内膜中高表达,且有正协同作用,二者可能与EMs的发生发展有关。     

层粘连蛋白及基质金属蛋白酶-2在人脑胶质瘤侵袭过程中的相关研究

目的研究层粘连蛋白(Laminin, LN)及基质金属蛋白酶-2(Matrix metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2)在人脑胶质瘤侵袭中的相互关系,探索人脑胶质瘤侵袭转移的机制.方法用免疫组织化学SP法检测LN和MMP-2在27例人脑胶质瘤、6例颅内转移瘤及5例正常脑组织的表达情况.结果 1)LN在高度恶性的胶质瘤中的表达显著高于颅内转移瘤及其它各组(9.584±6.448,P<0.05), MMP-2的表达随着胶质瘤恶性程度的增高而增加(P<0.05),其在颅内转移瘤中的表达与高度恶性组无显著差异性(P>0.05);2)MMP-2/LN比值在颅内转移瘤中显著高于其它各组(0.120±0.069, P<0.05),其它各组间无统计学差异,该值相对恒定;3)LN与MMP-2在上述组织中的表达呈正相关( r＝0.605,P=0.0002<0.01).结论在人脑胶质瘤中,MMP-2表达增加使得胶质瘤细胞呈现颅内浸润,而LN的表达随MMP-2表达的增加而增加却阻遏了胶质瘤细胞向颅外转移,两者的相互作用使得胶质瘤既表现出颅内广泛的侵袭性,又不转移到颅外.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.