运用CT三维重建测量重度先天性脊柱侧凸Cobb角的临床应用

目的:评价在CT三维重建上测量重度先天性脊柱侧凸Cobb角度的可重复性和可靠性。方法:收集在我院诊治的重度先天性脊柱侧凸病人的CT三维重建和脊柱全长X线片,共计67例。由五名不同测量者对CT三维重建脊柱畸形冠状面主弯Cobb角测量两次,两次间隔在三周以上,并测量脊柱全长X线片脊柱畸形冠状面主弯Cobb角一次,运用组内相关系数分析测量结果之间的可重复性和可靠性。结果:同一测量者两次测量结果之间的差值平均为4.5°。同一测量者两次测量结果之间的组内相关系数为0.969,不同测量者之间测量结果的组内相关系数为0.913。取五名测量者在CT三维重建上第一次测量的Cobb角度,其平均值为(110.5±23.5)°,五名测量者在X线片上测量结果的平均值为(103.1±22.0)°,对两组数据进行Mann-Whitney非参数检验差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.86,P=0.004)。结论:在CT三维重建上测量重度先天性脊柱侧凸的Cobb角,可以减小测量的误差,提高测量的可重复性和可靠性,是一种相对准确的测量方法。     

先天性脊柱侧弯采用后路半椎体切除短节段融合疗效分析

目的:探讨先天性脊柱侧弯采用后路半椎体切除短节段融合治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年1月~2014年1月经我院治疗的120份先天性脊柱侧弯患者,采用后路半椎体切除短节段融合治疗法进行治疗,比较手术前后、最后一次随访的脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量并记录治疗前后及随访期间脊柱侧弯程度及后凸的Cobb's角。结果:通过治疗患者脊柱侧弯得到明显改善,半椎体节段侧弯Cobb's角术前平均44.2°,术后平均15.1°,平均矫正率为65.8%,末次随访平均14.3°,矫正率64.2%;全主弯Cobb's角术后平均矫正率60.7%,末次随访平均矫正率65.6%;半椎体节段后凸Cobb's角术前平均15.3°,术后为正常范围值;术后和末次随访的头侧、尾侧代偿弯改善明显,5项指标手术前后对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:先天性脊柱侧弯采用后路半椎体切除短节段融合治疗可以达到显著矫正先天性脊柱侧弯的效果。     

自体髂骨移植用于后路椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定术治疗脊柱侧凸的临床效果及对预后的影响

目的:探讨自体髂骨移植用于后路椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定术治疗脊柱侧凸的临床效果及对患者预后的影响。方法:选取2014年4月至2017年4月90例在我院及山西医科大学进行手术治疗的退行性脊柱侧凸患者作为研究对象,按照随机法将患者分为两组,各组45例患者。对照组采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定术,观察组采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定结合自体髂骨移植术。比较两组患者围手术期情况,术前、术后7天及术后12个月腰椎后凸角度、Cobb角、JOA评分、ODI评分的变化及术后并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、体温恢复时间、WBC恢复正常时间、引流管置管时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后腰椎前凸角度、Cobb角较手术前明显改善(P0.05);术后12个月,观察组患者腰椎前凸角度高于对照组,Cobb角显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术后JOA评分高于手术前,ODI评分低于手术前(P0.05);观察组患者术后12个月JOA评分高于对照组,ODI评分低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:自体髂骨移植应用于后路椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定术治疗退行性脊柱侧弯效果较好,不仅可纠正脊柱侧弯,同时可减轻患者疼痛感及不适感,安全性较高。     

数字X线评价低温射频消融术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的 临床疗效

目的:探讨颅咽部数字X线指数对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者行低温射频消融手术治疗效果的评价作用。方法:选择2013年10月-2015年10月在我院接受低温射频消融术的OSAHS患者74例作为研究组,另选择同期在我院接受体检的健康志愿者44例作为对照组。分别于手术前后采用X线测量两组研究对象的上齿槽座角(SNA)、下齿槽座角(SNB)、上下齿槽座角(ANB)、颌上角(NA/PA);舌根后方气道前后径(PAS)、软腭后方气道横径(U-MPW)、会厌层气道前后径(V-LPW)、后鼻棘-咽顶点距(PNS-R)、舌骨最上缘至下颌骨垂直距离(H-MP)、软腭长度(SPL)、软腭厚度(SPT)以及舌骨至颈椎前平面距(H-CVP)。结果:研究组患者ANB,NA/PA,PAS,U-MPW,PNS-R及H-CVP均大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组SNA、SNB、V-LPW、H-MP、SPL及SPT比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与术前相比,研究组患者术后ANB、PAS、U-MPW及H-CVP均明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:颅咽部数字X线测量指数能够较好的评价OSAHS患者行射频消融术的治疗效果,值得临床参考。     

无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段爆裂型骨折治疗的临床观察

目的:对比分析保守治疗方法和手术治疗方法在治疗无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段爆裂型骨折中的效果,便于根据患者病情,选择最佳治疗方法。方法:笔者选取了2013.05.26--2014.10.30期间于我院就诊的无神经损伤的脊柱胸腰段爆裂型骨折的100例患者的治疗与临床疗效档案,对其治疗方式、治疗效果进行了对比分析,笔者采用的方式是将100名患者分为保守治疗组和手术治疗组两个小组,分别采用保守治疗与手术治疗两种方式,探讨两种治疗方式下患者的临床疗效。结果:手术治疗组临床有效率为80.98%,保守治疗组临床有效率为81.35%,双方临床有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),100例患者治疗前脊柱侧弯的严重程度(cobb角)、椎体前高以及椎管占位程度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),100例患者治疗前脊柱侧弯的严重程度(cobb角)、椎体前高以及椎管占位程度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:从临床疗效上来讲,保守治疗与手术治疗两种方式并无差异,但是从脊柱侧弯的严重程度(cobb角)、椎体前以及椎管占位程度改善修复方面,手术治疗方式更具优势,效果更佳明显。     

椎体成形术治疗脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用方法与效果。方法:脊柱压缩骨折患者150例根据随机抽签法分为治疗组与对照组各75例,对照组给予传统开放性手术,治疗组给予椎体成形术。通过比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,术后住院时间,术后疼痛评分,术后局部Cobb角的差异评价治疗效果,其中,疼痛评分采用VAS量表,局部Cobb角通过脊椎侧围X片测定。结果:所有患者都顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生,治疗组的术中出血量与术后住院时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前疼痛评分对比差异无统计学意义,术后疼痛评分都呈现明显下降的趋势(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前局部Cobb角对比差异无统计学意义,术后局部Cobb角都明显下降(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的局部Cobb角都明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用能有效缓解疼痛程度,改善椎体前中部高度脊柱后凸情况,对于患者的创伤比较少,有很好的推广应用价值。     

经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗脊柱骨折的疗效及对患者疼痛、Cobb角的影响

目的:探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗脊柱骨折的疗效及对患者疼痛、Cobb角的影响。方法:选择2013年2月至2018年2月我院接诊的脊柱骨折患者80例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=41)和对照组(n=39)。对照组采用跨伤椎固定治疗,观察组采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗。比较两组患者临床手术指标、日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、椎体压缩率、Cobb角水平及伤椎椎体高度。结果:观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者JOA评分、VAS评分均明显改善(P0.05),且观察组患者VAS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者椎体压缩率、Cobb角水平均明显改善(P0.05),且观察组患者椎体压缩率、Cobb角水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗前椎体前、后缘高度无明显差异;治疗后,两组患者椎体前、后缘高度均明显改善(P0.05),且观察组患者椎体前、后缘高度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱骨折患者采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗栓效果显著,可改善患者疼痛、Cobb角水平,值得临床推广。     

经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术对胸腰椎骨折患者Cobb's 角 与椎体前缘高度恢复的影响

目的:比较经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效,并对其Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度的变化情况进行比较。方法:选择2011年1月-2013年10月我院收治的60例胸腰椎骨折患者并按照数字随机法分为两组,每组30例,对照组采取开放椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,观察组经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,两组患者均随访24个月,比较两组患者手术一般情况及Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度恢复情况。结果:观察组手术切口长度、术中出血量及住院时间均短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组术后伤椎前缘高度及矢状位指数均大于术前(均P0.05),观察组术后伤椎前缘高度及矢状位指数均大于对照组(均P0.05);且两组术后后凸Cobb角小于术前(均P0.05),且观察组术后后凸Cobb角小于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症1例(3.3%),与对照组4例(13.3%)比较无显著统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效较佳,Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度恢复情况较优。     

成人骨性Ⅱ类上气道与颅颌面关系初探

目的:比较骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型成人上气道鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽大小的差异,并探讨其与颅面部骨骼形态的关系.方法:将64名(男34例,女30例)成人骨性Ⅱ类错患者按GoGn-SN角大小分为高角、均角、低角三组.分别行颅面部锥体束计算机断层扫描(CBCT),对各段的矢状径、横径、长度、截面积以及容积等指标进行测量分析,比较三组间的差异.同时,对上气道各测量项目与颅颌面结构指标进行相关性分析.结果:在上气道各线性测量项目中,鼻咽和腭咽长度(Ln、Lp)随着垂直骨面型增大而逐渐减小,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高角组舌咽段的高度(Hg)与均角、低角组存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),均角组和低角组间并无统计学差异(P＞0.05).上气道各段宽度在不同垂直骨面型之间均无统计学差异.不同垂直骨面型上气道总体积(Vt)无明显差异.高角组舌咽段体积(Vg)及鼻咽段横截面积(CSAn)与均角、低角组存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),均角组和低角组间并无统计学差异(P＞0.05).而其余测量项目在各垂直骨面型间均未发现统计学差异.由相关性分析可知,舌咽和腭咽的体积与横截面积与上下颌骨垂直向不调指数(ODI)正相关,而腭咽体积和横截面积与下颌平面角负相关.结论:随着垂直骨面型增大上气道结构存在着差异,且主要影响腭咽段和舌咽段,对鼻咽段影响较小.     

128层螺旋CT肺动脉造影对急性肺栓塞患者栓塞程度和右心功能的评估价值研究

目的:探讨128层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)对急性肺栓塞(APE)患者栓塞程度和右心功能的评估价值。方法:选取2016年7月到2018年6月期间在我院行CTPA检查确诊并接受治疗的APE患者100例记为观察组,根据观察组患者的病情将其分为高危组(57例)和非高危组(43例),同时根据观察组患者肺栓塞部位及预后将患者分为中心肺栓塞死亡组(8例)、中心肺栓塞存活组(38例)、周围肺栓塞组(54例)。另选择同期于我院进行CTPA检查的无肺栓塞患者50例记为对照组。记录所有患者的右心功能参数[右心室短轴最大径(RVMSA)、左心室短轴最大径(LVMSA)以及二者的比值(RV:LV)],计算APE患者的CT肺动脉阻塞指数,并分析APE患者CT肺动脉阻塞指数与右心功能指标的相关性。结果:观察组的RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于对照组(P0.05),高危组的CT肺动脉阻塞指数、RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于非高危组(P0.05)。中心肺栓塞死亡组的CT肺动脉阻塞指数、RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于中心肺栓塞存活组和周围肺栓塞组,中心肺栓塞存活组的CT肺动脉阻塞指数、RVMSA、RV:LV均明显高于周围肺栓塞组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,APE患者CT肺动脉阻塞指数与RVMSA、RV:LV均呈正相关(P0.05),与LVMSA无明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论:CTPA检查可有效评估APE患者的栓塞程度和右心功能,且栓塞程度与右心功能存在相关性,CTPA检查有助于APE患者的诊断和病情评估。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.