NLRP3炎性体与中性粒细胞在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中的交流

炎性体是识别危险模式或病原模式的信号平台,炎性体主要分为2大类:点头样受体(NLR)家族和PYHIN家族。炎性体与多种疾病有关,包括各种感染性疾病、炎症性疾病以及缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)等。炎性体与心肌缺血再灌注损伤是目前的研究热点之一。中性粒细胞作为数量最多的骨髓源性细胞,在无菌性炎症及固有免疫传导通路中发挥着重要作用。在缺血再灌注损伤过程中,死亡的心肌细胞释放大量促炎介质,导致炎性体的活化以及中性粒细胞的聚集。我们综述了NLRP3炎症小体在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用,以及在此病理生理过程中NLRP3与中性粒细胞间的信息交流。     

长链非编码RNA、焦亡和心肌缺血-再灌注损伤

急性心肌梗死后的再灌注是挽救缺血心肌的唯一方法,但是血流的恢复可能导致心肌缺血-再灌注损伤. 长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和焦亡都参与了心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的病理过程并发挥重要作用. lncRNA能直接或者间接作用于焦亡信号通路相关蛋白质,对包括心肌缺血-再灌注损伤在内的多种病理过程进行调控. 本文就lncRNA和焦亡在心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中的作用做一综述,以进一步探索两者关系,为防治心肌缺血-再灌注损伤提供新思路.     

神经调节蛋白-1对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

神经调节蛋白-1(neuregulin-1,NRG-1)最早被发现在神经系统发育中起着重要的调节作用。目前研究发现NRG-1及其受体Erb B(erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog,Erb B)在心肌及血管细胞中高表达,在慢性心衰,扩张性心肌病及心肌梗死中均起到明显的保护作用。近来研究发现NRG-1/Erb B通路在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中也起到保护作用,有望成为治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的新药物靶点。多种机制可能参与其中,例如:减少心肌细胞凋亡;减轻心脏氧化应激损伤;抑制炎症反应等。本文将对NRG-1在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的治疗作用及可能机制进行综述。     

调控性细胞死亡在肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展

肾脏上皮细胞死亡是肾脏缺血再灌注损伤引起的一种明显的病理现象,而最新研究发现调控性细胞死亡在肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中发挥着重要作用。本文就程序性坏死、铁死亡和细胞焦亡等调控性细胞死亡的相关通路、调节剂和相互作用以及在肾脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用进行综述,以期对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的预防和治疗提供理论基础。     

高钾液对心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的研究进展

高钾液可以通过不同环节发挥抗心肌缺血再灌损伤作用。能保护Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性而抑制钠、钙超负荷,防止或逆转心肌缺血性挛缩,促进缺血再灌注心肌舒缩功能的恢复,也能预防再灌注心律失常的发生。高钾液对冠脉血流量和心肌氧代谢也有一定的影响。     

一氧化氮在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的调节作用 及相关治疗药物研究进展

一氧化氮 ( NO ) 是体内调节心血管系统功能的重要信号分子,在血管收舒、血小板活性调节、细胞增殖凋亡、氧化应激及炎症反 应等过程中发挥了不可或缺的作用。在心肌缺血再灌注过程中,随着一氧化氮合成酶表达和 NO 底物水平的动态变化,NO 生成的时间和 产量均会发生变化,导致其作用具有两面性。综述 NO 的产生与作用、在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用和影响因素以及相关治疗药物及作 用机制的研究进展,为心肌缺血再灌注损伤的有效治疗和进一步研究提供参考     

基于网络药理学和体外实验探讨附子-干姜抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制CSCD

运用网络药理学方法探讨附子-干姜(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata-Zingiberis Rhizoma,AZ)抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,MI/RI)的潜在机制。通过中药系统药理数据库TCMSP筛选AZ的活性成分;Disgenet数据库获得MI/RI靶点;STITCH数据库获得蛋白互作;用DAVID数据库获得GO功能富集与KEGG信号通路并利用Cytoscape 3.8.0进行绘图;细胞实验验证网络药理学预测的结果。结果共获得AZ活性成分16个、治疗靶点171个;作图分析发现AKT1、IL6、TNF为潜在靶点;GO富集分析发现AZ可能通过凋亡、炎症、血管舒张发挥治疗作用;KEGG分析发现AZ可能通过PI3K-AKT信号通路、TNF信号通路、HIF信号通路发挥治疗作用;体外研究发AZ可使缺氧复氧损伤的大鼠血管内皮细胞存活率提高、降低凋亡率、氧化损伤;提高HIF-α、VEGF、eNOS蛋白的表达。附子-干姜激活HIF/VEGF/eNOS信号通路,降低血管内皮细胞氧化损伤、凋亡率发挥抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。     

人参对缺血再灌注大鼠心肌细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

采用结扎 Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支 (L AD)建立心肌缺血再灌注动物模型 ,应用原位末端标记法检测心肌凋亡细胞 ,并利用光学显微镜进行细胞计数。观察人参对 Wistar大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响。结果发现心肌细胞凋亡数单纯结扎组为 37.5 3± 9.2 2个 /视野 ,人参治疗组为 6 .5 0± 3.5 9个 /视野 ,假手术组为 0 - 1个 /视野 ,各组间差异非常显著 (P<0 .0 0 1)。表明心肌缺血再灌注可使心肌细胞凋亡数显著增加 ,而给予人参治疗可明显地抑制缺血再灌注时所诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的发生 ,证实人参具有防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤 ,抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。     

硝化应激与心血管疾病的研究进展

硝化应激可引起蛋白质发生硝基化修饰,对细胞产生毒性作用,导致细胞损伤及凋亡。另外,硝化应激在线粒体损伤以及炎症因子产生等病理生理过程中发挥重要作用。硝化应激在动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、高血压、心力衰竭及糖尿病心肌病等心血管疾病的发生发展中起着关键作用。本文介绍了硝化应激的生物特性及其引起细胞损伤的作用机制,进而分析硝化应激在多种心血管疾病发生发展中的作用,以期为心血管疾病的防治提供新的思路和方法。     

p38MAPK与心肌缺血再灌注损伤

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPKs)是广泛表达的丝氨酸/酪氨酸激酶,在哺乳动物细胞多种信号转导通路中起重要作用,MAPKs有3个主要家族:ERKs,JNKs和p38MAPKs.p38信号通路是MAPK通路的一重要分支,在心肌缺血再灌注的损伤中起很重要的作用,p38MAPK信号通路与心肌缺血再灌注机制都有或多或少的联系,本文就以p38MAPK在这一病理过程的研究进展做一综述.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Resibufogenin suppresses tumor growth and Warburg effect through regulating miR-143-3p/HK2 axis in breast cancer

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) reduces myocardial infarct area and restrains myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R). In this study, we aimed to investigate the...     

Zinc and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

As an important trace element, zinc is required for the normal cellular structure and function, and impairment of zinc homeostasis is associated with a variety of health problems including cardiovascular disease. Zinc homeostasis is regulated through zinc transporters, zinc binding molecules, and zinc sensors. Zinc also plays a critical role in cellular signaling. Studies have documented that zinc homeostasis is impaired by ischemia/reperfusion in the heart and zinc dyshomeostasis may play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Both exogenous and endogenously released zinc may play an important role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The goal of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the roles of zinc homeostasis and zinc signaling in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

心肌缺血／再灌注损伤后血清和心肌组织Leptin水平的变能

目的：观察大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注损伤对血清和心肌组织瘦素（Leptin）表达的影响,探讨Leptin在心肌缺血／再灌注损伤中的作用。方法：建立大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注模型,检测血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和Leptin浓度,并用HE染色和免疫组织化学观察心肌组织病理学及Lepfin表达水平。结果：缺血组、再灌注组血清LDH水平显著升高（P〈0．05）,表明该模型制作成功,造成心肌局部一定程度的损伤。缺血组血清Leptin含量（6．34±2．49）ng／ml显著低于对照组（7．50±2．93ng／ml,P〈0．05）;再灌注后Leptin水平缓慢恢复,于再灌注2h时Leptin达到（8．32±1．74）ng／ml,恢复到损伤前水平（8．38±2．56）ng／ml,且随再灌注时间延长有升高趋势。免疫纽化显示与假手术纽心肌Leptin蛋白表达水平相比,其他四组均有显著降低（P〈0．01）,按缺血45min后再灌注1h组、缺血45min后再灌注3h组、单纯缺血45min组、缺血45min后再灌注2h组依次递减。结论：Leptin在心肌缺血／再灌注损伤后早期45min血中有明显减少,心肌组织中也明显表达下降。心肌组织病理损伤与Leptin的改变可能有一定的关系。     

MicroRNA-22 targeting CBP protects against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through anti-apoptosis in rats

MicroRNAs are extensively involved in the pathogenesis of major cardiovascular diseases by suppressing target gene expression. Recent studies have reported that microRNA-22 (miR-22) may be implicated in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) induced myocardial injury. However, the specific function of miR-22 in myocardial I/R injury is far from clear nowadays. The present study was designed to determine the role of miR-22 in myocardial I/R injury and investigate the underlying cardio-protective mechanism. The rat myocardial I/R injury model was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 12 h reperfusion. As predicted, adenovirus-mediated miR-22 overexpression markedly reduced the release of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, infarct size and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Moreover, CREB binding protein (CBP) as a potential miR-22 target by bioinformatics was significantly inhibited after miR-22 transfection. We also found that p53 acetylation activity, pro-apoptotic related genes Bax and p21 levels were all decreased associated with the down-regulation of CBP. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that miR-22 could inhibit apoptosis of cardiomyocytes through one of its targets, CBP. Thus, miR-22 may constitute a new therapeutic target for the prevention of myocardial I/R injury.     

MicroRNA-21 mediates the protective role of emulsified isoflurane against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by targeting SPP1

Isoflurane has demonstrated to exert protective impacts against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in some organs. This research explored the role of emulsified isoflurane (EI) in myocardial I/R injury through the interaction with microRNA-21 (miR-21). The myocardial I/R injury mouse models established by coronary artery ligation were respectively treated with EI, miR-21 mimic/inhibitor or silenced secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) plasmids. Then, the pathology, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mouse myocardial tissues were observed. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-21, SPP1, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory factors and apoptotic proteins in mouse myocardial tissues were determined. The targeting relation between miR-21 and SPP1 was confirmed. MiR-21 was poorly expressed and SPP1 was highly expressed in myocardial I/R injury mice. EI treatment, elevated miR-21, or silenced SPP1 improved cardiac function and suppressed the oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, inflammatory reaction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury mice, thereby reliving the myocardial I/R injury. These therapeutic effects of EI were repressed by miR-21 inhibition. Additionally, SPP1 was targeted by miR-21. Results in our research indicated that miR-21 mediated the therapeutic effect of EI on myocardial I/R injury in mice by targeting SPP1. This study may provide a novel treatment strategy for myocardial I/R injury.     

中药抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的信号通路研究进展

冠心病发生率、致死率高,严重危害人类健康。心肌缺血再灌注损伤是加重心肌损伤的主要病理机制,干预再灌注损伤挽救激酶、 单磷酸腺苷激酶、蛋白激酶 C 等信号传导通路保护心肌,成为减轻心肌损伤的重要途径之一。综述近 3 年国际期刊收录的中药有效成分、 提取物及复方制剂调节相关信号传导通路, 减轻心肌再灌注损伤的研究进展, 以期为阐释中药的作用特点, 有效防治心血管疾病提供参考。     

Downregulation of PTEN by sodium orthovanadate protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury after chronic atorvastatin treatment

Acute statin treatment has been reported to be critical in protecting the cardiac cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway. In vitro rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model, chronic statin treatment led to upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). This has been potentially indicated the correlation in PTEN and protective effect of statin on myocardium. In this current study, we evaluated the role of sodium orthovanadate a nonspecific inhibitor to PTEN and its correlation with atorvastatin on protecting myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found a long-term statin treatment could increase the PTEN level, and this process was counteracted in the presence of sodium orthovanadate. However, the phosphotyrosine level was not affected by this statin. Besides, this process was mediated by Akt signaling since phosphorylated Akt level was altered by statin and sodium orthovanadate treatment. In a conclusion, this study showed a potential mechanism underlying PTEN-induced attenuation in long-term statin’s therapeutic effect, which provided the new insight into the synergic role of PTEN and atorvastatin in protecting cardiac cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

miR-1 Exacerbates Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mouse Models

Recent studies have revealed the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating cardiac injury. Among them, the cardiac enriched microRNA-1(miR-1) has been extensively investigated and proven to be detrimental to cardiac myocytes. However, solid in vivo evidence for the role of miR-1 in cardiac injury is still missing and the potential therapeutic advantages of systemic knockdown of miR-1 expression remained unexplored. In this study, miR-1 transgenic (miR-1 Tg) mice and locked nucleic acid modified oligonucleotide against miR-1 (LNA-antimiR-1) were used to explore the effects of miR-1 on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (30 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion). The cardiac miR-1 level was significantly increased in miR-1 Tg mice, and suppressed in LNA-antimiR-1 treated mice. When subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury, miR-1 overexpression exacerbated cardiac injury, manifested by increased LDH, CK levels, caspase-3 expression, apoptosis and cardiac infarct area. On the contrary, LNA-antimiR-1 treatment significantly attenuated cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. The expression of PKCε and HSP60 was significantly repressed by miR-1 and enhanced by miR-1 knockdown, which may be a molecular mechanism for the role miR-1 in cardiac injury. Moreover, luciferase assay confirmed the direct regulation of miR-1 on protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). In summary, this study demonstrated that miR-1 is a causal factor for cardiac injury and systemic LNA-antimiR-1 therapy is effective in ameliorating the problem.     

黄芪皂苷IV对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤的保护及抗凋亡作用的研究

目的：探讨黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注损伤的保护作用及抗凋亡作用。方法：研究黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对大鼠收缩压和舒张压的作用;建立大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注模型,在缺血前给予黄芪皂苷Ⅳ处理,观察心律失常的改变,测定血液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的变化,检测计算凋亡心肌细胞百分比及对P-STAT1、P-STAT3蛋白表达的调控作用。结果：黄芪皂苷Ⅳ可降低大鼠收缩压和舒张压,心肌缺血／再灌注前,预先给予黄芪皂苷Ⅳ有抗心律失常作用,降低血液中LDH和MDA含量,提高SOD活性,降低凋亡心肌细胞百分比,显著增加P-STAT1蛋白表达而同时降低P-STAT3蛋白表达。结论：黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用,减少心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制P—STAT1,诱导P—STAT3表达有关。