脂肪储存小滴蛋白5 重组腺病毒的制备

目的:利用AdEasy腺病毒表达系统构建含有小鼠脂肪储存小滴蛋白5(LSDP5)基因的重组腺病毒。方法:从小鼠肝脏cDNA克隆出LSDP5基因全长,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,酶切测序。回收酶切产物,连接到腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV,构建pShuttle-CMV-LSDP5重组质粒,经PmeI酶切线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183中。筛选阳性克隆,提取重组质粒,PacI酶切线性化并转染AD293细胞进行包装,提取病毒DNA,鉴定重组病毒并检测病毒滴度。结果:LSDP5基因克隆经测序证实与Genebank公布一致,双酶切重组pMD18-T载体得到1400 bp左右的片段。重组穿梭载体经Kpn I和Sal I双酶切后得到预期片段。PacI酶切得到30 Kb大片段和4.5 Kb小片段。转染AD293细胞后收集病毒,经PCR鉴定,获得理想的目的片段。取病毒上清反复感染AD293细胞以扩增病毒,最后所得病毒滴度为2.5×109pfu/ml。结论:成功构建了携带脂肪储存小滴蛋白5基因的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步研究LSDP5基因功能奠定基础。     

脂肪储存小滴蛋白5重组腺病毒的制备

目的：利用AdEasy腺病毒表达系统构建含有小鼠脂肪储存小滴蛋白5（LSDP5）基因的重组腺病毒。方法：从小鼠肝脏cDNA克隆出LSDP5基因全长,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,酶切测序。回收酶切产物,连接到腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV,构建pShuttle-CMV-LSDP5重组质粒,经PmeI酶切线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183中。筛选阳性克隆,提取重组质粒,PacI酶切线性化并转染AD293细胞进行包装,提取病毒DNA,鉴定重组病毒并检测病毒滴度。结果：LSDP5基因克隆经测序证实与Genebank公布一致,双酶切重组pMD18-T载体得到1400 bp左右的片段。重组穿梭载体经Kpn I和Sal I双酶切后得到预期片段。PacI酶切得到30 Kb大片段和4.5 Kb小片段。转染AD293细胞后收集病毒,经PCR鉴定,获得理想的目的片段。取病毒上清反复感染AD293细胞以扩增病毒,最后所得病毒滴度为2.5×109pfu/ml。结论：成功构建了携带脂肪储存小滴蛋白5基因的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步研究LSDP5基因功能奠定基础。     

HCV core 1b 亚型和HA 共表达重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达的腺病毒载体并予以鉴定。方法:合成HCV核心蛋白1b亚型的核苷酸,连接入pcmv5-HA质粒中。用XhoⅠ单酶切,后用Klenow酶补平,再用HindⅢ单酶切下HA-HCV core 1b片段,连入pShuttle-cmv穿梭质粒中,构建穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-HA core 1b.将pShuttle-CMV-HA core 1b转化至含有AdEasy-1的BJ5183感受态细菌中进行同源重组。PacⅠ酶切线性化重组质粒pAd-HA-HCV core 1b并转染AD293细胞进行病毒包装和扩增。用RT-PCR检测HA-HCVcore 1b的mRNA的表达水平,并用Western blot检测融合表达蛋白HA-HCV core 1b的表达水平。结果:穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-HA-HCV core 1b经PCR和测序证实构建成功。重组腺病毒载体经AD293细胞包装后,可观察到CPE现象。用获得的重组腺病毒载体感染AD293细胞,经RT-PCR检测,在mRNA水平上有表达;经Western blot检测,HCV core 1b亚型腺病毒载体(Ad-HA-HCV core 1b)感染组与未感染腺病毒载体组及空白对照组相比,只有Ad-HA-HCV core 1b感染组有融合蛋白HA-HCVcore 1b的表达。结论:通过分子克隆体外重组技术,成功构建了HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达的重组腺病毒载体Ad-HA-HCVcore 1b。为进一步研究丙型肝炎病毒1b亚型引起丙肝感染中胰岛素抵抗的作用机制提供了方法。     

携带红色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的采用体外连接技术构建含红色荧光蛋白(RFP)报告基因的重组腺病毒载体,为基因治疗与基因疫苗研究提供重要工具。方法将pTurbo RFP-N上的含红色荧光蛋白基因片段,经酶切连接定向克隆至转移载体pShuttle上,构成重组质粒pShuttle-TurboRFP-N。用I-CeuI/PI-SceI双酶切重组质粒pShuttle-TurboRFP-N和骨架质粒pH5′040 pkGFP-II,回收目的片段,连接,获得重组腺病毒载体pH5.′040.CMV.RFP-N。将其线性化后,经脂质体介导转染至AD293细胞内包装出重组腺病毒颗粒。通过荧光显微镜观察其在AD293细胞内的包装效率和RFP表达情况。扩增并再次感染AD293细胞检测病毒颗粒感染能力,并测定其生物活性及滴度。结果经酶切鉴定,证明已正确构建重组腺病毒载体AdH5.′040.CMV.RFP-N;经AD293细胞包装成具有感染性的病毒颗粒,并能在真核细胞中高效表达目的基因;扩增纯化后获得重组腺病毒颗粒数为3.6×1012vp/mL,滴度达1×1010pfu/mL。结论成功构建了携带红色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒载体,并能够在AD293细胞中高效地表达,为基因治疗与基因疫苗研究提供重要工具。     

HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达的腺病毒载体并予以鉴定。方法：合成HCV核心蛋白1b亚型的核苷酸,连接入pcmv5-HA质粒中。用XhoⅠ单酶切,后用Klenow酶补平,再用HindⅢ单酶切下HA-HCV core 1b片段,连入pShuttle-cmv穿梭质粒中,构建穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-HA core 1b.将pShuttle-CMV-HA core 1b转化至含有AdEasy-1的BJ5183感受态细菌中进行同源重组。PacⅠ酶切线性化重组质粒pAd-HA-HCV core 1b并转染AD293细胞进行病毒包装和扩增。用RT-PCR检测HA-HCVcore 1b的mRNA的表达水平,并用Western blot检测融合表达蛋白HA-HCV core 1b的表达水平。结果：穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-HA-HCV core 1b经PCR和测序证实构建成功。重组腺病毒载体经AD293细胞包装后,可观察到CPE现象。用获得的重组腺病毒载体感染AD293细胞,经RT-PCR检测,在mRNA水平上有表达;经Western blot检测,HCV core 1b亚型腺病毒载体（Ad-HA-HCV core 1b）感染组与未感染腺病毒载体组及空白对照组相比,只有Ad-HA-HCV core 1b感染组有融合蛋白HA-HCVcore 1b的表达。结论：通过分子克隆体外重组技术,成功构建了HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达的重组腺病毒载体Ad-HA-HCVcore 1b。为进一步研究丙型肝炎病毒1b亚型引起丙肝感染中胰岛素抵抗的作用机制提供了方法。     

跨膜型TNF-α单克隆抗体腺病毒表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的:应用AdEasy-1系统构建包含tmTNF-α单克隆抗体轻、重链序列的重组腺病毒表达载体。方法:首先PCR合成抗体轻、重链序列,分别将轻、重链序列插入经过改造的含有双启动子的穿梭质粒pShuttle-2CMV,将穿梭载体电转化转化AdEasy系统BJ5183感受态,挑取单克隆扩增质粒后酶切鉴定。结果:成功构建重组腺病毒表达载体pAdEasy-tmTNF-α,抗体重链、轻链序列酶切后经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实条带片段大小正确,电转化BJ5183后挑选重组克隆提取质粒,PacI酶切后重组片段位于4.5kb及3 kb位置,证明重组腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-1-tmTNF-α构建成功。结论:将腺病毒系统与单克隆抗体技术相结合,利用AdEasy-1系统成功构建腺病毒重组tmTNF-α单克隆抗体表达载体,为进一步开展肿瘤基因治疗的研究提供基础。     

应用Ad Easy载体系统构建人β2-AR基因重组腺病毒

目的:利用Ad easy腺病毒表达系统构建含人β2-肾上腺素能受体(β2-AR)基因重组腺病毒,并在HEK293细胞中扩增制备重组腺病毒.方法:将β2-AR全长cDNA插入到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,构建pAdTrackCMV-β2AR重组质粒,经PmeI酶切线性化后经电击法转入含Ad easy质粒的电感受态菌BJ5183进行重组.挑选同源重组质粒,Pac I酶切线性化转染HEK293细胞包装成重组腺病毒颗粒.将重组病毒和SD大鼠心肌细胞共培养,western-blot检测β2-AR的表达.结果:琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示在1242bp处有特异性条带后被克隆至腺病毒穿梭质粒.重组穿梭载体经Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ限制性酶切可以得到目的条带并经测序证实.电击法转化BJ5183所得候选重组子经PacⅠ酶切后得到30Kb腺病毒基因组片段和4.5Kb氨苄抗性片段,证实获得同源重组质粒.转染293细胞可以看到绿色荧光蛋白,以MOI100转染SD大鼠心肌细胞发现携带β2-AR的腺病毒可以在心肌细胞中过表达.结论:利用新型腺病毒载体在短时间内成功构建了携带有人β2-AR基因的腺病毒,为进一步研究人β2-AR基因治疗奠定了基础.     

人肝癌靶向性CD80基因表达重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建人肝癌靶向性CD80基因重组腺病毒载体。方法:首先,从人基因组DNA中克隆AFP增强子、启动子,利用腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle和pShutte-CMV,采用AFP增强子替换CMV启动子,构建含有AFP启动子和增强子的穿梭质粒,命名为pShuttle-AFP。将人CD80基因克隆到pShuttle-AFP的AFP增强子和启动子之后,构建pShuttle-AFP-CD80质粒。再将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转化E.coliBJ5183,利用同源重组构建腺病毒质粒pAd-AFP-CD80。以获得的重组子转染AD293细胞后制备重组腺病毒,并对重组的病毒进行鉴定和病毒滴度测定。结果:测序结果与Genebank中公布的AFP启动子、核心增强子和CD80基因序列相符。双酶切结果与预期结果相符。PacI酶切结果与目的结果一致。穿梭质粒pShutte-AFP-CD80和腺病毒质粒pAd-AFP-CD80经酶切和PCR鉴定均获得期望大小的目的片段。结论:成功的构建了人肝癌靶向性pAd-AFP-CD80腺病毒载体,为CD80基因在肝癌靶向性治疗的研究奠定了基础。     

小鼠SOCS1基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在树突状细胞中的表达

目的:构建含小鼠细胞因子信号抑制因子-1基因(SOCS1)的重组腺病毒载体(Ad5F35-SOCS1),探讨其介导SOCS1基因在小鼠树突状细胞中的表达。方法:设计含AgeI和NheI酶切位点的SOCS1基因上下游引物,以质粒pEF-FLAG-1/mSOCS1为模版,通过PCR扩增获得SOCS1全部序列,片段回收后经AgeI和NheI酶切,再定向插入到经AgeI和NheI酶切的质粒pDc316-LacZa中,获得重组穿梭质粒pDC316-SOCS1,经AgeI和NheI酶切、PCR及测序等鉴定后,用脂质体将穿梭质粒pDC316-SOCS1与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGF35共转染293细胞,经位点特异性重组获得重组腺病毒Ad5F35-SOCS1,行PCR鉴定,经293细胞扩增、纯化制备高滴度病毒液,TCID50法测定病毒滴度。用获得的重组腺病毒感染小鼠树突状细胞,以免疫组化检测SOVD1的表达。结果:成功构建了含小鼠SOCS1基因的重组腺病毒载体,病毒感染滴度为1.4×10~9IU/ml,该载体能有效介导SOCS1基因在小鼠树突状细胞中的表达。结论:重组腺病毒载体能将SOCS1基因转入小鼠树突状细胞并有效表达,为基因转染制备耐受性树突状细胞奠定了基础。     

跨膜型TNF-alpha单克隆抗体腺病毒表达载体的构建和鉴

目的：应用AdEasy-1 系统构建包含tmTNF-alpha单克隆抗体轻、重链序列的重组腺病毒表达载体。方法：首先PCR 合成抗体 轻、重链序列,分别将轻、重链序列插入经过改造的含有双启动子的穿梭质粒pShuttle-2CMV,将穿梭载体电转化转化AdEasy 系 统BJ5183 感受态,挑取单克隆扩增质粒后酶切鉴定。结果：成功构建重组腺病毒表达载体pAdEasy-tmTNF-alpha,抗体重链、轻链序 列酶切后经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实条带片段大小正确,电转化BJ5183 后挑选重组克隆提取质粒,PacI酶切后重组片段位于4.5 kb及3 kb位置,证明重组腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-1-tmTNF-alpha构建成功。结论：将腺病毒系统与单克隆抗体技术相结合,利用AdEasy-1 系统成功构建腺病毒重组tmTNF-alpha单克隆抗体表达载体,为进一步开展肿瘤基因治疗的研究提供基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.