FcγR基因多态性与牙周炎易感性的Meta分析

目的 探讨FcγRⅡa、FcγⅢa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎发病风险性的相关性。 方法 通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方等中英文数据库,纳入2019年10月前所有符合纳入标准的有关FcγRⅡa、FcγⅢa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎发病风险性的研究,共27项病例对照研究,其中包含2 105个病例和1 115个对照,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析,利用优势比(OR)及95%置信区间(CI)评价效应强度。 结果 Meta分析结果合并显示FcγRⅡa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎的发病风险无显著相关性,但FcγⅢa的基因多态性可能增加慢性牙周炎发病风险(V vs. F,OR=1.93,95% CI 1.01~3.69)。根据种群进行亚组分析,FcγRⅡa H131R位点的突变型可能会增加亚洲人群慢性或侵袭性牙周炎的发病风险[慢性牙周炎:R vs. H,OR=1.22,95% CI 1.04~1.42,(HR+RR)vs. HH,OR=1.28,95% CI 1.03~1.59;侵袭性牙周炎:R vs. H,OR=1.60,95% CI 1.01~2.54],但可能会降低高加索人群慢性牙周炎的发病风险[(HR+RR)vs. HH,OR=0.66,95% CI 0.48~0.90]。FcγⅢa F158V位点的突变型可能增加高加索人群慢性牙周炎的发病风险[V vs. F,OR=1.73,95% CI 1.06~2.85,(VV+FV)vs. FF,OR=2.26,95% CI 1.06~4.82]。FcγRⅢb NA1/NA2位点的NA2等位基因可能会降低包含50%高加索人群的混合人群侵袭性牙周炎的发病风险[(NA1NA2+NA2NA2)vs. NA1NA1,OR=0.57,95% CI 0.34~0.94)]。 结论 FcγRⅡa、FcγⅢa和FcγRⅢb的基因多态性与牙周炎发病风险性之间的联系可能存在着种族差异,需要更大样本、更高质量的研究来进一步证实。     

FcrRIIA基因多态性与牙周炎关系的研究进展

牙周炎是一种由菌斑引起的以牙周软组织和牙槽骨破坏为特征的慢性感染性疾病,其病因尚不明确,目前普遍认为是细菌 感染和宿主防御相互作用的结果,受遗传有关的宿主易感性、环境、行为因素的影响。致病菌的存在是牙周炎发生的必要条件,基 因因素影响宿主在应对细菌免疫应答过程中的强度,从而导致不同程度的牙周组织破坏。许多有关牙周炎基因方面的研究把目 光对准了在免疫调节和新陈代谢中发挥重要作用的物质的基因多态性,比如细胞因子、细胞表面受体、趋化因子、酶以及其他与 抗原识别有关的物质。FcrR 就是其中之一。FcrR 属于免疫球蛋白超家族,主要有FcrRI、FcrRII、FcrRIII 三类,大量研究表明 FcrRIIA 基因多态性与牙周炎的易感性有关。在针对不同种族的调查中,Fc酌RIIA 基因多态性与牙周炎的易感性的研究结果不尽 相同。也提示我们基因多态性的等位基因频率在各个种族之间存在差异,这种基因标识在界定牙周炎病因和预后方面的相关应 用会变得有所不同。基因诊断将会成为未来牙周病预防和治疗的新方向。本文主要对近年来FcrRIIA 基因多态性与牙周炎关系 的研究进展进行了综述。     

Divergent Intracellular Sorting of FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB2

The human low affinity FcγRII family includes both the activating receptor FcγRIIA and the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB2. These receptors have opposing signaling functions but are both capable of internalizing IgG-containing immune complexes through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We demonstrate that upon engagement by multivalent aggregated human IgG, FcγRIIA expressed in ts20 Chinese hamster fibroblasts is delivered along with its ligand to lysosomal compartments for degradation, while FcγRIIB2 dissociates from the ligand and is routed separately into the recycling pathway. FcγRIIA sorting to lysosomes requires receptor multimerization, but does not require either Src family kinase activity or ubiquitylation of receptor lysine residues. The sorting of FcγRIIB2 away from a degradative fate is not due to its lower affinity for IgG and occurs even upon persistent receptor aggregation. Upon co-engagement of FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB2, the receptors are sorted independently to distinct final fates after dissociation of co-clustering ligand. These results reveal fundamental differences in the trafficking behavior of different Fcγ receptors.     

Differential requirement of lipid rafts for FcγRIIA mediated effector activities

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) dependent activities are important in host defense and autoimmune diseases. Various cell types including macrophages and neutrophils contribute to pathogen destruction and tissue damage through binding of IgG to Fcγ receptors (FcγR). One member of this family, FcγRIIA, is a transmembrane glycoprotein known to mediate binding and internalization of IgG-containing targets. FcγRIIA has been observed to translocate into lipids rafts upon binding IgG-containing targets. We hypothesize that lipid rafts participate to different extents in binding and internalizing targets of different sizes. We demonstrate that disruption of lipid rafts with 8 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) nearly abolishes binding (91% reduction) and phagocytosis (60% reduction) of large IgG-coated targets. Conversely, binding and internalization of small IgG-complexes is less dependent on lipid rafts (49% and 17% inhibition at 8 mM MβCD, respectively). These observations suggest that differences between phagocytosis and endocytosis may arise as early as the initial stages of ligand recognition.     

Raft coalescence and FcγRIIA activation upon sphingomyelin clustering induced by lysenin

Activation of immunoreceptor FcγRIIA by cross-linking with antibodies is accompanied by coalescence of sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich membrane rafts leading to the formation of signaling platforms of the receptor. In this report we examined whether clustering of the raft lipid sphingomyelin can reciprocally induce partition of FcγRIIA to rafts. To induce sphingomyelin clustering, cells were exposed to non-lytic concentrations of GST-lysenin which specifically recognizes sphingomyelin. The lysenin/sphingomyelin complexes formed microscale assemblies composed of GST-lysenin oligomers engaging sphingomyelin of rafts. Upon sphingomyelin clustering, non-cross-linked FcγRIIA associated with raft-derived detergent-resistant membrane fractions as revealed by density gradient centrifugation. Pretreatment of cells with GST-lysenin also increased the size of detergent-insoluble molecular complexes of activated FcγRIIA. Sphingomyelin clustering triggered tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and its accompanying proteins, Cbl and NTAL, in the absence of receptor ligands and enhanced phosphorylation of these proteins in the ligand presence. These data indicate that clustering of plasma membrane sphingomyelin induces coalescence of rafts and triggers signaling events analogous to those caused by FcγRIIA activation.     

Contribution of PIP-5 kinase Iα to raft-based FcγRIIA signaling

Receptor FcγIIA (FcγRIIA) associates with plasma membrane rafts upon activation to trigger signaling cascades leading to actin polymerization. We examined whether compartmentalization of PI(4,5)P₂ and PI(4,5)P₂-synthesizing PIP5-kinase Iα to rafts contributes to FcγRIIA signaling. A fraction of PIP5-kinase Iα was detected in raft-originating detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) isolated from U937 monocytes and other cells. The DRM of U937 monocytes contained also a major fraction of PI(4,5)P₂. PIP5-kinase Iα bound PI(4,5)P₂, and depletion of the lipid displaced PIP5-kinase Iα from the DRM. Activation of FcγRIIA in BHK transfectants led to recruitment of the kinase to the plasma membrane and enrichment of DRM in PI(4,5)P₂. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that in resting cells the kinase was associated with the plasma membrane, cytoplasmic vesicles and the nucleus. After FcγRIIA activation, PIP5-kinase Iα and PI(4,5)P₂ co-localized transiently with the activated receptor at distinct cellular locations. Immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed that PIP5-kinase Iα and PI(4,5)P₂ were present at the edges of electron-dense assemblies containing activated FcγRIIA in their core. The data suggest that activation of FcγRIIA leads to membrane rafts coalescing into signaling platforms containing PIP5-kinase Iα and PI(4,5)P₂.     

Functional haplotypes of Fc gamma (Fcγ) receptor (FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIB) predict risk to repeated episodes of severe malarial anemia and mortality in Kenyan children

Development of protective immunity against Plasmodium falciparum is partially mediated through binding of malaria-specific IgG to Fc gamma (γ) receptors. Variations in human FcγRIIA-H/R-131 and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 affect differential binding of IgG sub-classes. Since variability in FcγR may play an important role in severe malarial anemia (SMA) pathogenesis by mediating phagocytosis of red blood cells and triggering cytokine production, the relationship between FcγRIIA-H/R131 and FcγRIIIB-NA1/NA2 haplotypes and susceptibility to SMA (Hb?相似文献   

载脂蛋白基因多态性与血脂关系研究进展

探讨载脂蛋白(apolipoprotein,apo)基因多态性与血脂的相关性.apoA,apoB,apoH,apoA-V,apoM基因具有多态性,有研究发现其基因多态性与血脂具有相关性,但是也有一些研究所得的结果相互不一致,甚至相反,还有发现人群或种族不同所得的结果亦不同.通过对载脂蛋白基因多态性的研究,揭示其与血脂的关系,以利我们从基因水平进一步认识和预防脂代谢紊乱,具有重要意义和广阔的应用前景.     

Association of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIA R131H gene polymorphisms with renal involvement in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Identification of the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may contribute to the discovery of effective drugs before renal involvement. Our aim of this study was to estimate the association between Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms and SLE and renal involvement in Egyptian patients. FcγRIIB and FcγRIIA R131H gene polymorphisms were genotyped in 180 Egyptian adults. Genotyping for FcγRIIA R131H was performed using allele-specific PCR and FcγRIIB-Ile232 Thr polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). The study showed that the homozygous genotype (Thr/Thr) of FcγRIIB significantly increased in all SLE patients (90 patients) and in SLE patients complicated with nephritis (61 patients). The Thr allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of the disease in all the patients and in patients complicated with nephritis. Our study demonstrated an association of FcγRIIB polymorphisms with SLE and lupus nephritis and a lack of association of FcγRIIA polymorphisms with SLE in the Egyptian patients.     

基因的单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌关系的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,具有家族聚集性,其发生发展是一个复杂的过程,涉及多种不同基因的相互作用和相互调控。随着基因技术和分子生物技术的飞速发展,许多基因被揭示在乳腺癌的发生发展中起关键作用,如BRCA、FGFR、ATM、ZNF365、Pokemon基因等。基于流行病学研究,这些易感基因可被分为高外显率易感基因和低外显率易感基因,其多态性对乳腺癌具有重要的影响。对乳腺癌易感基因的研究有助于阐明乳腺癌的发生机制、发展过程,对其早期诊断、预后判断和良恶性鉴别也有着重要的意义,可为乳腺癌的临床生物基因靶向治疗提供新的靶点和理论基础。本文主要对这些基因的单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌关系的研究进展进行了综述。     

虹鳟Fc受体FcγR的α和γ亚基基因的克隆及表达分析

Fc受体(FcR)是一种表达在免疫细胞表面的受体分子, 由多亚基构成, 通过与免疫球蛋白(Ig)的Fc段结合引起包括炎症因子释放和吞噬作用等体液和细胞免疫反应。研究采用RACE技术首次克隆得到了虹鳟FcγR的α亚基基因(FcγRα)和γ亚基基因(FcRγ)的cDNA序列, 采用生物信息学软件对FcγRα和FcRγ的序列进行了特征分析, 实时荧光定量PCR检测了其在不同组织和细胞亚群中以及在Poly (I鲶C)和LPS刺激后头肾中的表达。结果显示:FcγRα的cDNA全长1677 bp, 开放阅读框为954 bp, 编码317个氨基酸; FcγRα由信号肽和2个Ig样结构域构成, 但没有跨膜区和胞内区。FcRγ亚基存在2种形式, 分别命名为FcRγ1和FcRγ2(包含FcRγ2a和FcRγ2b两个剪接异构体), 它们均由信号肽、跨膜区和胞内的免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序(ITAM)构成。氨基酸序列相似性分析表明虹鳟FcγRα与斑点叉尾鮰FcRI相同率最高(30%), 虹鳟FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b与哺乳动物FcRγ相同率最高可达40%。组织表达显示FcγRα、FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b在头肾、脾脏和血液中表达较高; 细胞亚群表达显示FcγRα、FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b在髓样细胞群中表达最高; LPS和Poly (I鲶C)刺激后,FcγRα、FcRγ1和FcRγ2a/2b在头肾中的表达显著上调, 这表明FcγR在机体抗细菌和抗病毒免疫中可能发挥重要作用。     

MYH9 基因多态性与肾脏疾病关系研究进展

非肌性肌球蛋白重链9基因,编码非肌性肌球蛋白重链ⅡA,既往研究其与May-Hegglin异常(May-Hegglin anomaly,MHA)、Fechtner综合征(Fechtner syndrome,FTNS)、Sebastian综合征(Sebastian syndrome,SBS)、Epstein综合征(Epstein syndrome,EPS)和Alport样综合征相关。2008年首次用混合连锁不平衡绘图(MALD)方法证实其与非糖尿病终末期肾病及局灶节段性肾小球硬化症相关,后陆续有该基因与高血压肾病、C1q肾病等的相关报道。本文综合国外该基因与肾脏病的相关研究,对其与肾脏病的关系研究进展做一概括,对今后的研究起一定的帮助作用。     

胆固醇酯转运蛋白基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究进展

胆固醇酯转运蛋白(CETP)是杀菌蛋白基因家族的重要成员,其主要功能是介导血浆中的胆固醇酯逆向从外周组织转运至肝脏中。目前,CETP基因被广泛认为是冠状动脉疾病(CHD)易感基因之一,CETP基因位点的遗传差异表明其与高密度脂蛋白浓度的变化有关,而高密度脂蛋白的浓度高低与冠心病的形成有很大的关系。因此,CETP的功能、遗传差异及与冠心病的关系是当前心血管疾病研究中的一个热点。本文较全面地阐述了CETP的生物学特性、功能以及CETP基因多态性与冠心病的关系。     

干扰素-γ基因多态性与乙型肝炎病毒感染

干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)是重要的辅助型T细胞-1型(type-1 helper T-cell,Th1)细胞因子,它作为抗原提呈细胞和淋巴细胞增殖、分化的调节剂,参与机体的炎症反应和抗病毒免疫。细胞因子的基因多态性影响细胞因子的表达水平,导致个体间免疫反应的差异,最终影响感染后的发展趋势和临床转归。本文主要就IFN-γ基因多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)自发清除、感染慢性化、肝硬化、肝癌及抗病毒治疗的相关研究进行评述。     

GSTT1 、GSTM1 基因多态性与重度慢性牙周炎 易感性关系的研究

目的：研究GSTTI＋／0和GSTM1＋／0基因型及其联合基因型与重度慢性牙周（chronic pefiodontitis,cp）易感性的关系。方法：用聚合酶链反应检测50例重度慢性牙周炎患者和51例正常对照者的GSIT1＋／0、GSTM1＋／0的基因型。结果：GSTM1（0／0）和GSTT1（0／0）基因型及GSTMI（0／0）与GSTT1（0／0）联合基因型对重度慢性牙周炎相对危险度（OR）分别为9．56（95％CI．3．88—23．59）,8．68（95％CI,3．50—21．51）,36．83（95％CI,10．42—130．13）。结论：在内蒙古汉族人群中,基因型GSTT1（0／0）和GSTM1（0／0）增加了个体对重度慢性牙周炎易感性,且上述两种基因型间存在协同作用。     

牙周炎易感基因的研究进展

牙周病是口腔常见病之一,牙周炎是指发生在牙齿支持组织的炎症。全国第二次流行病学调查结果显示：35～44岁年龄段的牙周炎患病率为97．2%,患病率居龋齿病之上,因此,预防和治疗牙周疾病将是长期艰巨的任务。目前,人们公认牙周微生物是牙周病的始动因子,但单有微生物并不意味着牙周病,尤其是牙周炎的必然发生。牙周炎是一类多因素疾病,目前比较明确的危险因素有：口腔卫生状况,吸烟与否,某些全身疾病如关节炎、心血管疾病和糖尿病等。近年来的研究表明,宿主的易感性在疾病的发生和进展中起至关重要的作用,早发性牙周炎和（或）重度牙周炎患者往往具有家族聚集性。一些学者对外部环境相同的人群进行多年的纵向观察,发现不同个体罹患牙周炎的几率不同,这种差别可能缘于基因背景不同。目前,从分子水平上揭示牙周炎的易感因素已成为21世纪牙周病学研究的新热点。     

奶牛MHC基因多态性及其与经济性状关系的研究进展

本文简述了奶牛 MHC基因的结构、位置、分类、多态性的一般特性,并且介绍了 MHC基因与生产性状、乳房炎等一些经济性状的关系。     

白细胞介素-8 基因多态性与疾病关系的研究进展

白细胞介素-8(IL-8)是一种炎症细胞因子。近年来研究发现,IL-8不同基因型与胃癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、呼吸道合胞病毒感染、哮喘、阿尔茨海默病等疾病相关。本文就近年来国内外有关IL-8基因多态性与上述疾病的关系作一综述。     

eNOS基因多态性与神经管畸形的研究进展

神经管畸形(neural tube defects,NTDs)是一类常见的出生缺陷,严重威胁着妇女儿童的身心健康和人口素质的提高,给社会的发展带来沉重负担,可引起孕妇流产、婴儿死亡和终生残疾。NTDs可分为无脑儿、脑膨出和脊柱裂三种类型,其病因和具体的发病机制尚不清楚。国内外多数研究认为,NTDs是一种由基因的多态性和环境因素所引起的严重的基因突变,还不能用一种单一原因来解释该病的发生。目前的研究热点是易感基因与NTDs的关系,内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)基因最近已被认为是导致NTDs发生的重要候选基因。eNOS基因的点突变或成串突变可以导致酶活性的变化,使eNOS的表达上调,引起NO分泌的异常,促进神经元的凋亡,进而导致大脑的发育异常。本文从eNOS基因多态性与NTDs的相关性研究进行综述。     

幽门螺杆菌毒力基因分型和宿主遗传多态性与胃病关系研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)感染能导致慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃粘膜相关的淋巴样组织(Mu-cosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT)淋巴瘤和胃腺癌等疾病的发生。1994年世界卫生组织国际癌症研究中心(IARC)将H.pylori列为胃癌第一级因子。H.pylori感染引起的不同临床结局主要与H.pylori致病因子和宿主遗传易感性有关,大部分重大疾病发生在特定的细菌毒力因子(如cagA,vacA)与易感宿主遗传背景共同存在时。文章综述了H.pylori菌株的毒力基因的分型和宿主的遗传多态性对胃病发生的影响。