PARP-1对高糖诱导的心肌细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的:研究PARP-1对高糖诱导的心肌细胞增殖的影响及可能机制。方法:用高糖处理H9C2细胞,qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。H9C2细胞转染PARP-1 si RNA和si RNA control,q RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。用高糖处理转染PARP-1 si RNA后的H9C2细胞,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况,硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(MDA)水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,Western blot检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、磷酸化的p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白的表达。结果:高糖诱导的H9C2细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平明显高于正常培养的H9C2细胞(P0.05)。PARP-1 si RNA能够明显下调H9C2细胞中PARP-1 m RNA和蛋白水平。高糖处理后H9C2细胞存活率明显降低,细胞中MDA水平升高,细胞中SOD水平降低,细胞内的PCNA水平降低,p38MAPK磷酸化水平升高,与正常培养的H9C2细胞相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。用高糖培养下调PARP-1的H9C2细胞,细胞存活率有所升高,细胞中MDA水平降低,细胞中SOD水平也升高,细胞中PCNA水平升高,细胞中p38MAPK磷酸化水平降低,与单纯高糖培养的细胞相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PARP-1在高糖诱导的心肌细胞中表达上调,可能通过激活p38MAPK信号途径,增加细胞脂质氧化应激抑制心肌细胞增殖。     

长链非编码RNA 1500026H17Rik对高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响

为了探讨长链非编码RNA 1500026H17Rik对小鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响,采用qRT-PCR(quantitative Real-time PCR)检测1500026H17Rik在糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏组织及在高糖和低糖条件下培养的肾小球系膜细胞中的表达水平;扩增小鼠1500026H17Rik的全长序列,将其克隆到pcDNA3.1(+)载体上,构建pcDNA3.1(+)-1500026H17Rik过表达质粒,并设计合成si RNA;将1500026H17Rik-si RNA和pcDNA(+)-1500026H17Rik过表达质粒分别转染至高糖或低糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞中,通过5-乙基-2′-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-ethyny1-2′-doexyuridine,Ed U)检测肾小球系膜细胞的增殖能力。结果表明,在糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏组织和高糖培养的系膜细胞中1500026H17Rik表达水平显著提高。在低糖培养的系膜细胞中转染pcDNA3.1(+)-1500026H17Rik过表达质粒后与低糖培养的系膜细胞或空质粒转染对照组相比,低糖1500026H17Rik过表达的肾小球系膜细胞的增殖能力明显提高。同时,将通过qRT-PCR筛选出的一条敲低效率最佳的1500026H17Rik-si RNA转染至高糖培养的系膜细胞后,与高糖培养的系膜细胞或si RNA转染对照组相比,1500026H17Rik敲低的肾小球系膜细胞的增殖能力明显减弱。lnc RNA-1500026H17Rik在糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏组织中呈高表达,且影响高低糖培养的肾小球系膜增殖,提示1500026H17Rik可能参与了糖尿病肾病的发生。     

siRNA干涉PIM-3表达对胶质瘤细胞增殖和糖代谢的影响

目的:利用小干扰RNA(siRNA)在胶质瘤细胞干涉PIM-3的表达,观察细胞增殖能力和代谢的变化,并探讨相关机制。方法:转染PIM-3 siRNA入胶质瘤细胞U87-MG和U251,利用MTT实验和平板克隆实验检测细胞增殖能力的变化,利用流式细胞仪测定细胞糖摄取能力,并通过Western印迹检测葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1的表达变化。结果:利用siRNA干涉了PIM-3在胶质瘤细胞中的表达;PIM-3表达降低后,细胞增殖能力下降,葡萄糖摄取能力减弱,GLUT1蛋白表达降低。结论:PIM-3对胶质瘤细胞的增殖和代谢重编程具有调控作用,并主要通过影响细胞的糖代谢来实现。     

成纤维细胞生长因子21在抵抗素引发胰岛素抵抗的肝细胞模型中的糖代谢调节作用

抵抗素是2001年Steppan等发现的一种与胰岛素抵抗有密切联系的细胞因子．本研究探讨了成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF-21)在抵抗素过表达导致胰岛素抵抗的肝细胞中的糖代谢调节作用．构建人抵抗素真核表达载体,转染HepG2细胞,利用流式细胞仪筛选出过表达抵抗素的HepG2模型细胞,分别用不同浓度的胰岛素和FGF-21刺激细胞,用GOD-POD法检测细胞的葡萄糖摄取情况,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测抵抗素转染后及FGF-21处理后细胞GLUT1、PPAR-γ mRNA表达的变化．PCR鉴定结果表明过表达抵抗素的HepG2模型细胞构建成功．GOD-POD法检测结果证明,模型细胞对胰岛素敏感性降低,但FGF-21仍能有效调节模型细胞的葡萄糖摄取,且呈现剂量依赖关系．实时荧光定量PCR方法检测发现,抵抗素转染后HepG2细胞GLUT1 mRNA表达增加,经FGF-21刺激后模型细胞与对照细胞相比GLUT1 mRNA的表达仍有上升趋势,PPAR-γ的变化不显著．上述结果表明,抵抗素过表达的肝细胞,对胰岛素敏感性降低,产生胰岛素抵抗,但FGF-21仍能有效调节其葡萄糖代谢．     

Keap1-Nrf2信号通路参与子宫内膜癌细胞增殖、转移、耐药机制的研究

目的:研究Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1(Keap1)-核转录因子E2相关因子(Nrf2)信号通路对子宫内膜癌细胞生长、转移及耐药的影响。方法:选择代表I型子宫内膜癌细胞的KLE细胞株和代表II型子宫内膜癌的ARK2细胞株,采用real-time PCR和Western blot法测定两细胞株Keap1和Nrf2基因m RNA、蛋白表达,MTT法检测两细胞株对顺铂耐药性。对Keap1表达更低、耐药性更强的ARK2细胞株的Keap1基因过表达。Real-time PCR、Western blot、平板克隆实验、MTT法、Transwell迁徙、侵袭实验等方法研究ARK2细胞中Keap1过表达对Nrf2及下游靶基因表达、细胞生长、侵袭、耐药的影响。结果:在ARK2和KLE细胞中Nrf2基因m RNA表达无明显差异,ARK2细胞中Keap1基因表达无论是m RNA还是蛋白水平在的表达均要低于KLE细胞株,而Nrf2蛋白水平的表达在ARK2细胞株中则要明显高于KLE细胞株。Keap1表达较低的ARK2细胞较Keap1高表达的KLE细胞耐药性更高。ARK2细胞株中Keap1过表达能够明显下调Nrf2蛋白及下游基因ABCC2、γ-GCS表达;MTT实验和平板克隆实验表明Keap1过表达能够降低ARK2细胞增殖能力;Keap1过表达能够降低ARK2细胞迁徙和侵袭能力;Keap1过表达能够显著提高ARK2细胞对顺铂的敏感性。结论:Keap-Nrf2信号通路在子宫内膜浆液性癌细胞株ARK2中活化程度显著高于子宫内膜样癌细胞株KLE,Keap1对Nrf2蛋白表达调控是基于转录后的,且低表达的Keap1及高表达的Nrf2蛋白和肿瘤细胞的高耐药性有关。在子宫内膜浆液性癌细胞株ARK2中上调Keap1基因表达能够有效的下调Nrf2蛋白及其下游基因的表达,并降低肿瘤细胞的生长、迁徙、侵袭能力,且能提高肿瘤细胞对顺铂的敏感性。     

miR-494-3p通过下调胰岛素受体底物-1促糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞胰岛素抵抗

越来越多的证据表明microRNA广泛参与调控心血管功能。我们预实验结果显示糖尿病大鼠心肌miR-494-3p增加,且有研究表明miR-494-3p与肥胖等代谢异常有关。因此,本研究旨在探讨miR-494-3p在糖尿病心肌胰岛素敏感性改变中的作用及其机制。利用高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,提取心肌组织RNA进行qPCR检测,结果显示糖尿病大鼠的心肌miR-494-3p表达水平与正常大鼠相比明显上调(P 0.05)。体外高糖高脂诱导H9c2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,qPCR结果显示细胞中miR-494-3p水平明显升高(P 0.01),并随高脂程度加重而增加;抑制miR-494-3p表达可以增加胰岛素刺激下细胞对葡萄糖的摄取(P 0.01),并提高胰岛素刺激后Akt磷酸化水平(P 0.05);单纯过表达H9c2细胞中的miR-494-3p可以抑制胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取,并降低Akt磷酸化水平(P 0.01)。生物信息学联合蛋白免疫印迹实验证实胰岛素受体底物-1 (insulin receptor substrate 1, IRS1)是miR-494-3p负性调节胰岛素信号转导的靶分子之一。上述结果提示,miR-494-3p通过下调IRS1促进糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的形成。     

siRNA沉默KLF4表达促进HeLa细胞迁移与增殖

目的:研究Krüppel样因子4(KLF4)的表达下调对HeLa细胞迁移与增殖的影响。方法:设计合成针对KLF4的si RNA和阴性对照si RNA,并转染至HeLa细胞中。使用含有10 ng/m L TGF-β1和10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液诱导HeLa细胞发生上皮间质转化,对照组使用不含TGF-β1的培养液。通过Transwell迁移实验和划痕实验观察HeLa细胞迁移变化;通过细胞增殖实验和流式细胞术观察HeLa细胞增殖状况和细胞周期分布。结果:转染了si RNA的HeLa细胞经TGF-β1诱导后,其细胞迁移能力较其他各组显著提高;与转染了阴性对照si RNA和空白对照的细胞相比,转染si RNA的HeLa细胞增殖能力明显提高;TGF-β1可以使HeLa细胞周期发生G1期阻滞,但是采用si RNA干扰KLF4的表达对此过程无明显影响。结论:使用si RNA下调KLF4的表达可以促进HeLa细胞的迁移与增殖。     

MiRNA-155通过调控β-catenin促进结肠癌SW480细胞的侵袭

目的:探讨micro RNA-155(miR-155)对结肠癌细胞SW480侵袭能力的影响及其可能机制。方法:采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定结肠癌组织与邻近正常结肠组织中miR-155的表达。将miR-155 mimic和β-catenin特异性的siRNA(β-catenin si RNA)分别通过脂质体转染法转染入结肠癌SW480细胞,应用RT-PCR检测细胞中miR-155和β-catenin m RNA的表达,采用蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot)检测β-catenin蛋白表达,采用Transwell侵袭实验检测miR-155 mimic及β-catenin si RNA对SW480细胞侵袭能力的影响。结果:结肠癌组织中的miR-155的表达较邻近正常结肠组织明显升高(P0.05);miR-155 mimic可使β-catenin的m RNA和蛋白表达均显著升高(P0.05),同时可显著增强SW480细胞的侵袭能力(P0.05),而转染miR-155 mimic和β-catenin si RNA的SW480细胞侵袭能力较仅转染miR-155 mimic的SW480细胞显著减弱(P0.05)。结论:结肠癌组织中miR-155的表达上调,可能通过激活B-catenin信号通路促进肿瘤细胞的远处侵袭转移。     

成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)-21改善胰岛素抵抗肝细胞对葡萄糖的吸收和肝糖原的合成

在体外建立胰岛素抵抗肝细胞模型,探讨在胰岛素抵抗状态下成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)-21对模型细胞糖代谢的影响及机制．将HepG2细胞置于10^-7 mol/L 的胰岛素培养基中培养24 h,建立胰岛素抵抗细胞模型．分别用不同浓度的胰岛素和FGF-21处理模型细胞,采用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶(GOD-POD)法检测细胞对葡萄糖的摄取情况,并检查胰岛素与FGF-21的协同作用．利用实时荧光定量PCR检测FGF-21对模型细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)mRNA表达的影响,蒽酮法检测模型细胞糖原合成量,探讨FGF-21对胰岛素抵抗细胞模型葡萄糖摄取的影响及机制．结果发现,用高浓度胰岛素处理HepG2细胞24 h后,细胞对胰岛素的敏感性显著降低,说明成功建立了胰岛素抵抗细胞模型,抵抗状态可维持48 h,未发现细胞形态学变化．FGF-21能改善胰岛素抵抗模型细胞的葡萄糖摄取,参与肝糖原的合成,并与胰岛素产生协同作用．实时荧光定量PCR结果发现,FGF-21作用模型细胞后,细胞的GLUT1 mRNA表达量显著增加,说明FGF-21促进模型细胞摄取葡萄糖的作用机制与其增加GLUT1的表达有关．     

卵巢癌组织中UHRF1蛋白的表达及其与卵巢癌细胞增殖和侵袭的关系

目的:研究卵巢癌组织中泛素样含PHD和环指域1(Ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1,UHRF1)蛋白的表达及UHRF1对卵巢癌细胞增殖、侵袭的影响。方法:选取卵巢癌组织和癌旁正常组织,采用蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测其UHRF1的蛋白表达。体外培养卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞株,分别转染UHRF1的si RNA和阴性对照si RNA,采用CCK-8检测细胞活力,Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力,荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法(FQ-PCR)检测Cyclin D1、CDK6、MMP2和MMP9的m RNA表达。结果:卵巢癌组织中UHRF1蛋白表达水平显著高于癌旁正常组织(P0.05);与转染阴性对照si RNA的SKOV-3细胞相比,转染UHRF1的si RNA的SKOV-3细胞活力明显降低、侵袭细胞数目明显减少(P0.05),且细胞中Cyclin D1、CDK6、MMP2和MMP9基因的m RNA表达水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论:UHRF1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中呈高表达状态,且可促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖和侵袭。     

Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a new anti-episialin monoclonal antibody 139H2 in ovarian-cancer-bearing nude mice

Summary The new murine anti-episialin monoclonal antibody (mAb) 139H2 has been selected for its strong reactivity with a series of human ovarian cancer xenografts. In the present report we describe the characteristics of mAb 139H2 investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. Scatchard plot analysis using the human ovarian cancer cell line NIH:OVCAR-3 showed an affinity constant of 1 × 10⁸ M^–1 and the expression of 7 × 10⁶ antigenic sites/cell. Reactivity with OVCAR-3 xenograft tissue was intense, localized at the cell membrane, heterogeneously distributed, and mainly detectable at the apical site of the cell. Administration of radiolabelled mAb 139H2 to nude mice bearing s.c. OVCAR-3 xenografts showed specific uptake in the tumour up to 9% of the injected dose/g. The maximum uptake in the tumour was retained for 3.5 days and mAb 139H2 cleared from the tumour with a half-life of 5.5 days. The half-life in blood was 50 h and no antibody-antigen complex formation could be detected. Poor uptake and no retention in episialin-negative WiDr colon cancer xenografts demonstrated specificity. Administration of an excess of an unlabelled irrelevant mAb did not influence the uptake in the OVCAR-3 xenografts or in other tissues. In contrast, tumour uptake decreased after addition of 300 µg or more unlabelled mAb 139H2 to a tracer dose of radiolabelled mAb 139H2. The uptake of mAb 139H2 in OVCAR-3 xenografts appeared inversely related to the tumour size.Supported by the Dutch Cancer Society     

外泌体介导长链非编码RNA H19促进肝癌细胞增殖与转移

外泌体是由细胞分泌的直径为30～150 nm的小囊泡,含有丰富的mRNA、microRNA和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)。目前,大多数外泌体研究都集中在mRNA和microRNA,而对lncRNA的生物学功能并不十分清楚。研究表明,肿瘤细胞外泌体 lncRNA H19在肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭中发挥了重要作用。本研究将筛选到的lncRNA H19高表达的肝癌细胞HCCLM3,分别收集其高表达lncRNA H19的外泌体和其下调lncRNA H19表达后的外泌体。然后,将收集到的外泌体分别添加到lncRNA H19低表达的肝癌细胞Hep3B和HepG2孵育液中。孵育24 h后,检测其对肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。结果显示,肝癌细胞HCCLM3可分泌大量的外泌体,且能被其他肿瘤细胞大量摄取;与下调lncRNA H19表达的外泌体相比,lncRNA H19高表达的外泌体能显著增强Hep3B和HepG2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。而这一作用可通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路实现。上述结果表明,lncRNA H19高表达的肝癌细胞以外泌体方式,增强邻近肝癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,促进肝癌的发生与发展。     

LncRNA H2k2促进高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞增殖的研究

该研究主要探讨lncRNA H2k2对高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响,采用qRTPCR检测lncH2k2在正常及糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏组织中的表达,以及高低糖培养的系膜细胞中的表达;FISH与qRT-PCR检测lncH2k2的亚细胞定位;qRT-PCR检测lncH2k2过表达质粒及siRNA的转染效率;EdU检测转染lncH2k2过表达质粒或siRNA后系膜细胞增殖的变化。结果表明,lncH2k2在糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏组织及高糖培养的系膜细胞中的表达升高,且lncH2k2主要分布于系膜细胞的细胞质中。在低糖培养的系膜细胞中转染lncH2k2过表达质粒后,与低糖培养的系膜细胞相比,过表达lncH2k2的低糖培养的系膜细胞增殖能力显著提高,并且将qRT-PCR检测筛选出的一条lncH2k2 siRNA转染到高糖培养的系膜细胞内,与高糖培养的系膜细胞相比,敲低lncH2k2后系膜细胞增殖能力显著降低。研究结果揭示,lncRNA H2k2在糖尿病肾病小鼠肾脏组织及系膜细胞中表达显著,lncRNA H2k2促进了系膜细胞增殖,这些结果表明,lncRNA H2k2可能参与了糖尿病肾病的发生发展。     

Ligustrazine inhibits the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells via regulating miR-211

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a commonly diagnosed female cancer. Ligustrazine (LSZ), a natural compound, has been reported to exert anti-cancer activity, although the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects are not clear. The present study investigated the impact of LSZ on cell proliferation and migration by regulating microRNA-211 (miR-211) expression using the human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines. OC cells were treated with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM LSZ, and quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to measure miR-211 levels in SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells with different treatment. Moreover, to further confirm the roles of miR-211 in LSZ induced anti-tumor effects, miR-211 expression was inhibited by transfection of miR-211 inhibitors in SK-OV-3 cells. Cell proliferation of transfected cells was evaluated using the CCK-8 and colony formation assay. The scratch assay was employed to assess cell migration and transwell assay was performed for evaluating the cell invasion. Protein levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by Western blotting. We found that LSZ inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, LSZ could significantly increase the expression of miR-211 in both SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3, and knockdown of miR-211 in SK-OV-3 cells partially abrogated the anti-tumor behavior of LSZ by promoting the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of SK-OV-3 cells. Thus, we found that LSZ can inhibit the proliferation and migration of OC cells via regulating miR-211. Our study suggests that LSZ might be a potential and effective treatment for OC.     

Involvement of transforming growth factor-beta 1 signaling in hypoxia-induced tolerance to glucose starvation

Because survival and growth of human hepatoma cells are maintained by nutrient, especially glucose, glucose starvation induces acute cell death. The cell death is markedly suppressed by hypoxia, and we have reported involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPK-alpha), Akt, and ARK5 in hypoxia-induced tolerance. In the current study we investigated the mechanism of hypoxia-induced tolerance in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. ARK5 expression was induced in HepG2 cells when they were subjected to glucose starvation, and we found that glucose starvation transiently induced Akt and AMPK-alpha phosphorylation and that hypoxia prolonged phosphorylation of both protein kinases. We also found that hypoxia-induced tolerance was partially abrogated by blocking the Akt/ARK5 system or by suppressing AMPK-alpha expression and that suppression of both completely abolished the tolerance, suggesting that AMPK-alpha activation signaling and the Akt/ARK5 system play independent essential roles in hypoxia-induced tolerance. By using chemical compounds that specifically inhibit kinase activity of type I-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor, we showed an involvement of TGF-beta in hypoxia-induced tolerance. TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was induced by hypoxia in an hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha-independent manner, and addition of recombinant TGF-beta suppressed cell death during glucose starvation even under normoxic condition. AMPK-alpha, Akt, and ARK5 were activated by TGF-beta1, and Akt and AMPK-alpha phosphorylation, which was prolonged by hypoxia, was suppressed by an inhibitor of type I TGF-beta receptor. Based on these findings, we propose that hypoxia-induced tumor cell tolerance to glucose starvation is caused by hypoxia-induced TGF-beta1 through AMPK-alpha activation and the Akt/ARK5 system.     

Molecular profile of breast versus ovarian cancer cells in response to treatment with the anticancer drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide and taxol

We assessed changes in the apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX, BCL2L12, FAS and CASPASE-3 in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells and BT-20 human breast cancer cells to provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of these cells to treatment with anticancer drugs and to assess their value as potential biomarkers of chemotherapy response in breast and ovarian cancer. Cells were treated with different chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide and taxol) and assessed for changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes at the mRNA level. Total RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed into cDNA and amplified by PCR using gene-specific primers. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping gene. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Both cancer cell lines responded differentially at the molecular level to the drug treatments. OVCAR-3 cells showed more pronounced sensitivity and changes compared to BT-20 cells at the mRNA level for different apoptosis-related genes, leading to cell and cancer type dependence in conjunction with drug dependence.