过氧化氢预处理对H9c2心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的：活性氧介导的氧化损伤是缺血再灌注损伤的重要机制,本研究通过观察H2O2预处理对氧化损伤的H9c2心肌细胞存活率和细胞凋亡的影响,探讨其保护H9c2心肌细胞的作用机制。方法：体外培养H9c2心肌细胞,取对数生长期细胞用于实验研究。建立H2O2预处理抵抗高浓度H：O：诱导的细胞氧化损伤模型,实验分组如下：（1）正常对照组（CTL）;（2）损伤组（INJURY）;（3）预处理组十损伤组（PC）。应用CCK8法检测细胞存活率;试剂盒检测胞内MDA水平和T．sOD活性;Hoechst33258染色观察凋亡形态;Annexin-V／PI双染与流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。结果：25vLmol／L的H202预处理90rain能明显地保护H9c2心肌细胞抵抗400μmol／LH2O2诱导的氧化损伤,提高细胞存活率,下调MDA水平,上调SOD活性,抑制细胞凋亡,降低细胞凋亡率。结论：低浓度H2O2预处理能减轻H9c2心肌细胞的氧化损伤,抑制氧化损伤诱导的心肌细胞凋亡,具有很好的抗氧化损伤和抗心肌细胞凋亡的保护作用,其作用机制可能与细胞SOD活性上调有关。H2O2预处理为临床治疗心肌缺血／再灌注损伤提供了一项新策略。     

二苯乙烯苷对氧化诱导内皮细胞凋亡及Caspase-3和PARP表达的影响

为研究二苯乙烯苷对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响并初步探讨二苯乙烯苷抗凋亡的可能机制,采用不同浓度H2O2和二苯乙烯苷处理内皮细胞24 h,以MTT法检测细胞生长活力、Hoechst33258染色观察细胞形态、流式细胞仪检测凋亡率等方法筛选造模内皮细胞凋亡的H2O2浓度和二苯乙烯苷最佳的抗内皮细胞凋亡作用浓度.RT-PCR、Western-blot分别检测Caspase-3、PARP mRNA及蛋白质的表达.结果发现,与空白对照组相比,300μmol/L H2O2作用后,内皮细胞增殖明显受到抑制,Hoechst33258染色可见大量凋亡细胞,细胞凋亡率显著增加,流式细胞仪检测出明显的凋亡峰,Caspase-3和多聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖基聚合酶(PARP)的表达量显著增加.经二苯乙烯苷处理后,随着二苯乙烯苷浓度增加,细胞的增殖率随之增加,凋亡细胞数减少,凋亡率逐渐降低,与H2O2组比较,10μmol/L的二苯乙烯苷能够显著提高细胞增殖率,降低细胞凋亡率,并显著减少Caspase-3和PARP表达.以上结果表明,二苯乙烯苷能够抑制由H2O2诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡,增加细胞生长活性,降低细胞凋亡率,其作用机制可能与下调Caspase-3和多聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖基聚合酶(PARP)的表达有关.     

过氧化氢预处理对抗氧化应激诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

氧化应激可明显地诱导细胞凋亡。本研究旨在探讨H2O2预处理能否对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞凋亡生产保护作用及ATP敏感性K^ （ATP-sensitive potassinm,KATP）通道在其中的作用。采用PI染色流式细胞仪（flow cytometry, FCM）检测PC12细胞凋亡。结果表明,经10μmol/L H2O2预处理90min的PC12细胞,分别在20、30、50和100μmol/L H2O2作用24h后,其细胞凋亡率明显下降,与未经H2O2的预处理的PC12细胞相比,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,表明H2O2预处理对H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡具有保护作用。用10μmol/L的KATP通道激动齐pinacidil(Pin)可显著减少30和50μmol/L H2O2诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,10μmol/L的KATP通道拮抗齐glybenclamide（Gly）则可显著地抑制甚至取消KATP通道激动剂Pin对H2O3诱导PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用,但并不影响H2O2预处理对H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用;然而,当联合应用H2O2预处理与Pin时,对PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用显大于各自的细胞凋亡作用。提示KATP通道开放不仅对H2O2诱导PC12细胞凋亡具有保护作用,而且与H2O2预处理一起产生抗PC12细胞凋亡的协同作用。但KATP通道开放可能不参与H2O2预处理的适应性保护作用。     

Mip1对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡基因Bid转录调控作用的初探

目的:研究转录因子Mip1对大鼠心肌细胞H9C2凋亡相关基因Bid的转录调控作用.方法:以H9C2细胞基因组DNA为模板,扩增Bid核心启动子片段,将其克隆入荧光素酶报告基因质粒PGL3-Basic中,构建重组载体,并采用双酶切法、PCR法及基因测序对其进行鉴定.用脂质体转染法将该载体转入Mip1不同程度过表达的H9C2细胞,检测该细胞Bid基因启动子区的转录活性.结果:成功克隆Bid基因启动子区,双酶切、PCR和基因测序均显示PGL3-Basic-Bid promoter重组载体构建成功.荧光素酶相对活性检测显示在H9C2细胞中,随着Mip1转入的增多,Bid启动子区转录活性逐渐下降.结论:Mip1作为一个新的转录抑制因子,可以下调凋亡基因Bid的转录.     

PARP15在肺腺癌中的表达及其对肺腺癌细胞生长、凋亡的影响

该文研究了PARP15过表达在肺腺癌中的临床意义及其对肺腺癌细胞生长、凋亡的影响。利用UALCAN和GEPIA数据库比对PARP15基因在肺腺癌组织和正常组织中的表达水平,利用GEPIA数据库分析PARP15基因对肺腺癌患者预后生存的影响。构建核心质粒pCDH-PARP15,通过慢病毒包装及感染的方法在人肺腺癌细胞系A549和H1299中获得PARP15过表达稳定株,用Western blot鉴定PARP15过表达情况。采用CCK-8、克隆形成实验检测过表达PARP15对A549和H1299细胞生长的影响,流式细胞仪检测PARP15对A549和H1299细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响。PARP15基因在肺腺癌组织中的表达水平均低于正常组织(P<0.05),且PARP15基因的表达水平与肺腺癌患者的良好预后呈正相关(P=0.003 6)。过表达PARP15抑制肺腺癌细胞的生长(P<0.05),并诱导细胞凋亡(P<0.05),但对细胞周期没有显著影响。PARP15可通过诱导肺腺癌细胞凋亡从而发挥抑制其生长的作用。     

槲皮素对过氧化氢所致PC-12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究槲皮素(quercetin)是否对过氧化氢所致PC-12细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用,以及可能的保护机制。方法:用PC-12细胞建立H2O2氧化损伤模型;测定SOD、T-AOC生化指标判断细胞抗氧化能力;半定量RT-PCR法检测糖皮质激素受体(GR)基因转录水平。结果:①MTT结果:H2O2能使细胞活力显著降低(P0.01),槲皮素的预孵处理能够明显减轻H2O2对PC-12细胞的氧化损伤(P0.050.01)。②SOD活性结果:H2O2作为氧化损伤因素使得细胞SOD活性应激上升(P0.01),Qu组细胞SOD活性维持在较低水平(P0.01)。③T-AOC结果:槲皮素能够显著提高PC-12细胞的总抗氧化能力(P0.01)。④半定量RT-PCR结果:H2O2使PC-12细胞GR基因转录水平显著降低,槲皮素能够减轻其转录所受影响(P0.01)。结论:槲皮素与PC-12细胞的共孵育,提高了细胞整体的抗氧化能力,维持了GR基因的转录水平,继而保护细胞免受后续H2O2的氧化损伤和炎症反应,维持细胞生化环境的稳态。     

金樱子总黄酮体外抗氧化活性的研究

本文研究了金樱子总黄酮(RLTF)体外清除自由基的能力,并观察其对过氧化氢诱导损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)抗氧化作用的影响。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸法、DPPH法分别测定RLTF对超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)、羟自由基(·OH)、二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的清除率;Hoechst染色法分析各组细胞凋亡情况;MTT法测定细胞活力;分光光度法检测各组细胞中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性。结果显示,在20~200μg范围内,随着样品加入量增大,RLTF对·OH和DPPH·的清除率逐渐增大,而对O-·2的清除率则是先增大后减少;RLTF对O-·2的清除作用偏低,对·OH的清除率与芦丁相当,对DPPH·的清除能力则强于芦丁而弱于Vc。Hoechst染色观察结果表明RLTF预处理细胞后,能明显提高细胞的抗凋亡作用。与H2O2损伤组比较,不同浓度RLTF预处理组的细胞活力均显著升高(P0.01);不同浓度RLTF预处理组细胞中的SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性均明显增加(P0.01),且呈剂量依赖性。上述结果表明,RLTF具有较强的自由基体外清除能力,能有效提高氧化损伤HUVEC细胞中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的酶活性,其可能通过清除细胞内自由基和提高细胞抗氧化酶活性来提高细胞的抗氧化活性。     

L-茶氨酸对H_2O_2致L02细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

研究L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。利用H2O2诱导的L02肝细胞损伤模型,分别用MTT法检测细胞存活率、测定LDH、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、Western blot法检测Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达及Bax/Bcl-2比值的变化,评价L-茶氨酸是否能保护H2O2诱导的肝细胞损伤。结果表明,L-茶氨酸能提高H2O2损伤的L02细胞存活率,减少LDH的渗漏,降低肝细胞凋亡,且L-茶氨酸通过抑制Caspase-3的激活和PARP的切割及Bax/Bcl-2比值的升高而发挥抗凋亡的作用。L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤有一定的治疗和保护作用。     

L-茶氨酸对H2O2致L02细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

研究L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。利用H2O2诱导的LO2肝细胞损伤模型,分别用MTT法检测细胞存活率、测定LDH、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、Western blot法检测Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达7LBax／Bcl-2比值的变化,评价L-茶氨酸是否能保护H2O2诱导的肝细胞损伤。结果表明,L-茶氨酸能提高H2O2损伤的L02细胞存活率,减少LDH的渗漏,降低肝细胞凋亡,且L-茶氨酸通过抑制caspase-3的激活和PARP的切割及Bax／Bcl-2比值的升高而发挥抗凋亡的作用。L-茶氨酸对肝细胞损伤有一定的治疗和保护作用。     

白藜芦醇减轻神经元氧化应激损伤的作用机制研究

目的:观察白藜芦醇(RSV)对过氧化氢(H2O2)所致的海马神经元HT22细胞损伤的保护作用,并探讨超氧化物歧化酶2(Mn-SOD)在其中的作用。方法:采用体外培养HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞系,H2O2作为损伤因素模拟氧化应激损伤。将细胞分为5组,分别为正常培养组(Control)、150μM H2O2损伤组(H2O2)、25μM白藜芦醇保护组(RSV+H2O2)、SOD2-si RNA干扰组(SOD2-si RNA+RSV+H2O2)和乱序RNA组(SC-si RNA+RSV+H2O2),药物暴露24 h后,应用MTT法检测HT22细胞活力、比色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)释放量、相差显微镜观测细胞形态。结果:与对照组相比,H2O2组的活力显著下降(P0.05),LDH释放量明显增加(P0.05),细胞形态明显破坏;25μM的RSV显著恢复了HT22细胞的活力、减少了LDH释放、改善了细胞形态,而SOD2-si RNA显著逆转了RSV引起的上述保护作用,乱序RNA(SC-si RNA)未对上述保护作用产生明显影响。结论:白藜芦醇可能通过上调SOD2减轻H2O2对HT22细胞的氧化应激损伤。     

Characterization of a ceramide kinase-like protein

Ceramide is a key player governing cell fate, and its conversion to ceramide-1-phosphate by ceramide kinase (CERK) is emerging as an important mean to regulate apoptosis and inflammatory processes. We identified a new ceramide kinase homolog, designated CERK-like protein (CERKL) and we compared it to the known CERK. Real time-PCR analysis of human tissues revealed a restricted pattern of expression for CERKL mRNA. Surprisingly, various ceramides, known substrates for CERK, were not phosphorylated by CERKL in vitro. Upon 32P(i)-pulse labeling of COS-1 cells transiently expressing CERKL, or incubation with NBD-C6-ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate was not detected. After recombinant expression in COS-1 cells, CERKL was partially recovered in the soluble fraction, as a phosphorylated protein. Live cell imaging indicated localization of GFP-tagged CERKL to many cell compartments, including specific association with nucleoli. Two splice variants of CERKL did not localize to nucleoli nor did a CERKL variant with a point mutation in the putative ATP binding site. We also studied a naturally occurring CERKL mutant (R257X), recently linked to the pathology of retinitis pigmentosa. It accumulated in the nucleus but was not associated with nucleoli. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 led to clearing of CERKL from nucleoli, but had no effect on the R257X CERKL mutant. Collectively, although kinase activity of CERKL remains to be proven, these findings suggest a functional link between CERKL and its nucleolar localization. Furthermore, we propose that the cause for retinitis pigmentosa in patients bearing the CERKL R257X mutation might be the accumulation of a truncated CERKL protein in the nucleus.     

Identification of a nuclear localization signal in the retinitis pigmentosa-mutated RP26 protein, ceramide kinase-like protein

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by degeneration of the retina. A mutation in a new ceramide kinase (CERK) homologous gene, named CERK-like protein (CERKL), was found to cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP26). Here, we show a point mutation of one of two putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences inhibited the nuclear localization of the protein. Furthermore, the tetra-GFP-tagged NLS, which cannot passively enter the nucleus, was observed not only in the nucleus but also in the nucleolus. Our results provide the first evidence of the active nuclear import of CERKL and suggest that the identified NLS might be responsible for nucleolar retention of the protein. As recent studies have shown other RP-related proteins are localized in the nucleus or the nucleolus, our identification of NLS in CERKL suggests that CERKL likely plays important roles for retinal functions in the nucleus and the nucleolus.     

衰老对AhR 及其血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的:探讨芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,Ah R)在过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)衰老模型中表达的变化情况及其对血管生成相关因子表达的影响。方法:采用不同浓度的H_2O_2(100μM,200μM,300μM)处理HUVECs诱导内皮细胞衰老,通过β-半乳糖苷酶染色观察细胞衰老情况,Western blot检测HUVECs中Ah R蛋白以及血管生成相关因子低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)蛋白表达,ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的变化。结果:与对照组相比,经过不同浓度H_2O_2处理后,HUVECs均出现细胞衰老表现,Ah R蛋白表达显著增加,HIF-1α以及VEGF蛋白表达明显减少,且均呈现出剂量依赖性,以300μM H_2O_2处理组最为显著。结论:在过氧化氢诱导衰老的人脐静脉内皮细胞中Ah R蛋白表达明显增加,HIF-1α和VEGF等促血管生成因子明显减少。     

CERKL interacts with mitochondrial TRX2 and protects retinal cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis

Mutations in the ceramide kinase-like gene (CERKL) are associated with severe retinal degeneration. However, the exact function of the encoded protein (CERKL) remains unknown. Here we show that CERKL interacts with mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) and maintains TRX2 in the reduced redox state. Overexpression of CERKL protects cells from apoptosis under oxidative stress, whereas suppressing CERKL renders cells more sensitive to oxidative stress. In zebrafish, CERKL protein prominently locates in the outer segment and inner segment of the photoreceptor of the retina. Knockdown of CERKL in the zebrafish leads to an increase of retinal cell death, including cone and rod photoreceptor degeneration. Signs of oxidative damage to macromolecules were also detected in CERKL deficient zebrafish retina. Our results show that CERKL interacts with TRX2 and plays a novel key role in the regulation of the TRX2 antioxidant pathway and, for the first time, provides an explanation of how mutations in CERKL may lead to retinal cell death.     

Identification of human-pathogenic strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from food by a combination of serotyping and molecular typing of Shiga toxin genes

We examined 219 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains from meat, milk, and cheese samples collected in Germany between 2005 and 2006. All strains were investigated for their serotypes and for genetic variants of Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2). stx(1) or variant genes were detected in 88 (40.2%) strains and stx(2) and variants in 177 (80.8%) strains. Typing of stx genes was performed by stx-specific PCRs and by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of PCR products. Major genotypes of the Stx1 (stx(1), stx(1c), and stx(1d)) and the Stx2 (stx(2), stx(2d), stx(2-O118), stx(2e), and stx(2g)) families were detected, and multiple types of stx genes coexisted frequently in STEC strains. Only 1.8% of the STEC strains from food belonged to the classical enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) types O26:H11, O103:H2, and O157:H7, and only 5.0% of the STEC strains from food were positive for the eae gene, which is a virulence trait of classical EHEC. In contrast, 95 (43.4%) of the food-borne STEC strains carried stx(2) and/or mucus-activatable stx(2d) genes, an indicator for potential high virulence of STEC for humans. Most of these strains belonged to serotypes associated with severe illness in humans, such as O22:H8, O91:H21, O113:H21, O174:H2, and O174:H21. stx(2) and stx(2d) STEC strains were found frequently in milk and beef products. Other stx types were associated more frequently with pork (stx(2e)), lamb, and wildlife meat (stx(1c)). The combination of serotyping and stx genotyping was found useful for identification and for assignment of food-borne STEC to groups with potential lower and higher levels of virulence for humans.