精神分裂症相关miRNA筛选及miR-320a调控ITGB1机制研究

该文研究了精神分裂症(schizophrenia,Sz)患者血清中微小RNA(micro RNA,mi RNA)水平的变化,寻找其作用靶点并进行机制探索。通过mi RNA基因芯片分析4例患者、3例治愈患者及3例健康成年人血清中mi RNA表达的差异。使用荧光定量PCR对59例患者及60例对照血清进行验证。通过生物信息学分析寻找靶点,并在血清样本中检测;最后,在细胞水平进行mi RNA调控靶点的功能研究。芯片筛选发现,mi R-320a及mi R-320b在初诊患者中呈低表达,较治愈患者和健康人有显著性差异,并在59例初诊患者和60例健康人对照血清中得到验证。生物信息学分析发现,整合素β1(integrinβ1,ITGB1)可能是mi R-320a的作用靶点。ELISA结果发现,患者血清中ITGB1的浓度比健康成年人血清中的浓度呈显著升高。细胞水平的研究发现,mi R-320a模拟物可以下调ITGB1表达,mi R-320a抑制剂可以上调ITGB1表达。荧光素酶实验证实,mi R-320a可能通过结合于ITGB1m RNA 3′UTR的特异性位点,促使m RNA降解,从而调控其表达。结果表明,mi R-320a调控ITGB1的表达可能是Sz发病过程中的重要机制,这一发现有可能为Sz的早期诊断和治疗提供新的候选靶点。     

miR-345靶向调控 TGM1抑制膀胱癌的初步研究

目的:探讨mi R-345调控TGM1表达影响膀胱癌的分子生物学机制。方法:首先,采用RT-qPCR检测T24和RT4细胞中mi R-345、TGM1的表达;再采用mi RNA-NC、mi R-345 mimic、NC inhibitor、mi R-345 inhibitor、control si RNA、si TGM1和pc-DNA3.1/TGM1等转染膀胱癌细胞;然后,采用MTT实验检测细胞增殖,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,双荧光报告酶检测mi R-345的靶基因;最后,采用Western blot检测TGM1在细胞中的表达。结果:mi R-345在T24和RT4细胞中表达低于正常细胞(P0.05)。mi R-345过表达时,T24和RT4细胞的增殖侵袭能力减弱,细胞凋亡率上升;mi R-345表达沉默时,细胞增殖和侵袭能力增强,细胞凋亡率下降。双荧光报告基因检测结果显示TGM1为mi R-345的靶基因,mi R-345过表达抑制TGM1的表达(P0.05);mi R-345表达沉默时则表达上调(P0.05)。当TGM1表达沉默时,T24和RT4细胞的增殖和侵袭能力减弱,细胞凋亡率上升;TGM1过表达时该细胞的增殖和侵袭能力增强,细胞凋亡率下降。结论:mi R-345通过下调靶基因TGM1的表达,抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖、侵袭并促进细胞凋亡。     

miR-183家族在肿瘤中作用机理的最新进展

micro RNA是真核生物中一类长约18~25个核苷酸的小分子非编码RNA,它们可以与m RNA的3′-UTR结合在转录后水平调控基因的表达。很多报道表明,mi RNA参与了肿瘤的发生发展调控。mi R-183家族的三个成员mi R-183、mi R-96和mi R-182都与肿瘤密切相关。研究发现,在前列腺癌、肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤中mi R-183家族表达异常,其机制是通过调控多种靶基因参与其中。本文综述了mi R-183家族在常见高发肿瘤中的研究现状。     

miR-10a对类风湿性关节炎滑膜细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响及机制

目的:以类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者滑膜细胞为研究对象,明确mi R-10a对滑膜细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响及机制。方法:首先用q RT-PCR对筛选得到的异常表达mi RNA进行验证,进而利用生物信息学分析结合报告基因、Western印迹方法,明确mi R-10a的靶基因,最后采用Transwell、划痕实验考察mi R-10a对RA成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(FLS细胞)侵袭能力的影响。结果:mi R-10a在RA患者滑膜组织及细胞中低表达;TAK1和BTRC是mi R-10a的靶基因;mi R-10a可促进IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子的表达;mi R-10a可促进FLS细胞的侵袭、迁移。结论:mi R-10a可通过调节NF-κB的活性影响RA FLS细胞的侵袭、迁移。     

miR-106b-93-25簇对子宫内膜癌细胞的调控作用研究

目的:检测mi R-106b-93-25基因簇对子宫内膜癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法:q RT-PCR检测临床子宫内膜癌标本及癌旁正常组织中mi R-106b、mi R-93和mi R-25及其宿主基因MCM7的表达情况。将micro RNA及其拮抗剂转染ECC-1细胞后,MTT实验检测ECC-1细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测ECC-1细胞周期及细胞凋亡情况。荧光素酶报告系统验证mi R-106b和mi R-25分别直接调控p21和Bim。结果:临床标本子宫内膜癌组织与癌旁正常组织相比mi R-106b-93-25簇及其宿主基因MCM7的表达明显增高。mi R-106b-93-25簇能够促进ECC-1细胞增殖,减少凋亡。转染mi R-106b和mi R-93的细胞出现明显的S期阻滞,过表达mi R-25的细胞凋亡明显减少。mi R-106b-93-25簇通过抑制靶基因p21和Bim的表达,引起促增殖、抗凋亡作用。结论:mi R-106b-93-25簇能够促进子宫内膜癌细胞增殖,抑制凋亡,并使细胞发生S期阻滞。mi R-106b-93-25簇在子宫内膜癌的发生与发展中具有重要的作用。     

子宫肌瘤差异表达microRNA的定量分析及靶基因鉴定

Micro RNA(mi RNA)是一类非编码单链小分子RNA,广泛参与人类各种生理、病理过程。最新研究提示,mi RNA在子宫肌瘤中起着重要调控作用,该研究试图对子宫肌瘤组织中差异表达mi RNAs进行表达验证及靶基因鉴定,结果发现,与瘤旁组织相比,mi R-363、mi R-490、mi R-135b等的表达水平在肌瘤组织中有着4~6倍的上调,而mi R-217、mi R-590、mi R-451则下调3~5倍。通过软件预测结合表达定量分析,发现其中mi R-363的靶基因为卵泡激素相互作用蛋白1基因(folliculin interacting protein 1,FNIP1)和溶质载体家族蛋白12成员5(solute carrier family 12 member5,SLC12A5)。mi R-135b的靶基因核受体亚科3 C组,成员2(nuclear receptor subfamily 3,group C,member 2,NR3C2)在肌瘤组织中表达有显著下降,而mi R-590的靶基因锌指蛋白367基因(zinc fi nger protein 367,ZFN367)和去泛素水解酶1基因(yeast OTU deubiquinating enzyme 1 homolog,YOD1)在肌瘤组织中的表达水平显著上升。进一步的报告基因分析发现,其中FNIP1、NR3C2、ZNF367的3′UTR能够与相应的mi RNA结合。分析相同肌瘤样品中表达水平的关系发现,这三个靶基因表达均与相应的mi RNA呈显著的负相关。该研究的发现为子宫肌瘤的分子机制研究和诊治提供了新的参考。     

小鼠精子发生早期microRNA的表达谱和调控模式——miRNA在小鼠精子发生中的作用

精子发生是一个依赖于精原干细胞自我更新和精原细胞分化的精确而又复杂的调控过程,目前对这一过程知之甚少.mi RNA作为转录和转录后基因沉默的关键调节子,参与很多生物的多种发育过程.本研究采用高通量小RNA测序系统研究了mi RNA在小鼠B型精原细胞(BSc)和初级精母细胞(PSc)中的表达谱.结果显示,在这2种细胞类型中let-7mi RNA家族的表达水平都相当高.并且在BSc向PSc的转化过程中,mi R-21,mi R-140-3p,mi R-103,mi R-30a,mi R-101b和mi R-99b的表达水平明显降低.这些mi RNA参与调控与细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和分化、连接组装和细胞周期调控相关的诸多基因的表达.上述结果表明,mi RNAs在精子发生过程中发挥着不可替代的作用.     

miR-17-92、自噬在肿瘤中的研究进展

micro RNA(mi RNA)是一类在转录后水平调控目的基因表达的功能性小RNA分子。mi R-17-92基因簇是一个高度保守的基因簇,编码6个mi RNAs,分别为:mi R-17、mi R-18a、mi R-19a、mi R-19b-1、mi R-20a和mi R-92a。细胞自噬(autophagy)是将细胞内受损、变性或衰老的蛋白质以及细胞器运输到溶酶体进行消化降解的过程。mi RNA的异常表达可影响自噬水平,从而影响肿瘤的发生发展。研究证明mi R-17-92基因簇与细胞自噬及肿瘤的发生密切相关,有望成为具有潜在价值的肿瘤标志物或肿瘤治疗的新靶点。现对mi R-17-92基因簇与细胞自噬和肿瘤的关系进行综述。     

抑癌因子miR-10a抑制Tiam1表达对胃癌细胞凋亡和迁移的影响

目的:探讨miR-10a抑制Tiam1表达对胃癌细胞凋亡和侵袭的影响。方法:获取胃上皮组织细胞及胃癌组织细胞,利用q PCR及Western blot实验检测两种细胞中mi R-10a表达与Tiam1的m RNA及蛋白表达水平,同时检测胃癌细胞S746T及正常胃粘膜细胞RGM-1和NGEC中mi R-10a表达与Tiam1蛋白表达水平。通过将mi R-10a mimic和mi R-10a inhibitor转染HS746T细胞,利用流式细胞术检测HS746T的细胞周期和细胞凋亡,TranswellTM实验检测HS746T细胞的侵袭能力,qPCR及Western blot实验检测凋亡相关蛋白caspase3、caspase9和Bax以及周期相关蛋白P21表达水平;荧光素酶活性分析实验检测Tiam1是mi R-10a的作用靶点。已构建的Tiam1高表达的Tiam1-pcDNA3.1质粒和敲除Tiam1基因的PX458质粒分别转染HS746T细胞,通过流式细胞术及TranswellTM实验检测HS746T细胞的凋亡及侵袭能力。结果:与胃上皮组织细胞相比,早期胃癌临床组织细胞中mi R-10a表达降低,Tiam1的m RNA及蛋白表达升高;mi R-10a的表达与早期胃癌患者的肿瘤转移密切相关,与年龄、性别和肿瘤分期无关;与正常胃粘膜细胞RGM-1和NGEC相比,胃癌细胞HS746T中的mi R-10a表达降低,而Tiam1蛋白表达升高;mi R-10a可抑制HS746T细胞侵袭,促进细胞凋亡,使其停滞于G0/G1期;mi R-10a靶向作用于Tiam1基因的3'非翻译区(3'UTR),减少Tiam1的蛋白表达;Tiam1可抑制HS746T细胞凋亡,促进HS746T细胞侵袭。结论:mi R-10a靶向作用于Tiam1基因的3'UTR,抑制HS746T细胞的增殖及侵袭,促进HS746T细胞凋亡。     

高糖诱导内皮细胞损伤microRNA表达紊乱的体外研究

目的:研究高糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的表达变化。方法:常规培养的人冠状动脉内皮细胞,利用不同浓度D-葡萄糖溶液(0 mmol/L、5 mmol/L、15 mmol/L和25 mmol/L),诱导刺激24 h后分别用CCK-8法和流式细胞术检测其生长活力和凋亡水平。收集细胞总RNA,利用实时定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,q RT-PCR)检测miRNA的表达变化,同时利用TargetScan、PicTar等生物信息学预测软件预测可能的靶基因。结果:高糖溶液(25 mmol/L)刺激内皮细胞后,细胞生长活力明显降低,为对照组的67.5%(P0.01),凋亡水平为对照组的4.5倍(P0.01)。QRT-PCR结果显示miRNA的表达出现了明显的紊乱,其中miR-451、miR-504、miR-302d、miR-18b*、miR-198、miR-328和miR-517c明显下调,miR-29c、miR-100*、miR-137、miR-660和miR-217明显上调(P0.05)。靶基因预测发现miR-217和miR-451可能调控内皮细胞功能相关的多个基因的表达。结论:在高糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤中,miRNA表达紊乱提示其可能参与内皮细胞功能。     

miR-23b-3p regulates apoptosis and autophagy via suppressing SIRT1 in lens epithelial cells

Age-related cataract is one of the prior causes of blindness and the incidence rates of cataract are even rising. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cataracts. Under oxidative stress, lens epithelial cell (LEC cell) apoptosis is activated, which might lead to the opacity of the lens and accelerate the progression of cataract development. Meanwhile, autophagy is also active to face oxidative stress. miRNAs have been reported to involve cataract. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of miR23b-3p on apoptosis and autophagy in LEC cells under oxidative stress. The expression levels of miR-23b-3p were examined in age-related cataract tissues and LEC cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, showing that miR23b-3p expression levels were upregulated. Knockdown of miR23b-3p expression in LEC cells brought about apoptosis significantly decreased while autophagy significantly increased during hydrogen peroxide. We predicted microRNA miRNA-23b-3p might participate in regulating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by bioinformatics database of TargetScan. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miRNA-23b-p could suppress SIRT1 expression by binding its 3′UTR. In addition, overexpression or knockdown of miR-23b-3p could decrease or increase SIRT1 expression, which indicated that Mir-23b-3p could suppress SIRT1 expression. In addition, enhanced SIRT1 could attenuate the regulation of cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by overexpression of miR-23b-3p. Taken together, our findings revealed that miR-23b-3p regulated apoptosis and autophagy via suppressing SIRT1 in LEC cell under oxidative stress, which could provide new ideas for clinical treatment of cataract.     

Deep-sequencing of endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia reveals the complexity of known and novel microRNAs

In order to understand the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in vascular physiopathology, we took advantage of deep-sequencing techniques to accurately and comprehensively profile the entire miRNA population expressed by endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia. SOLiD sequencing of small RNAs derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to 1% O₂ or normoxia for 24 h yielded more than 22 million reads per library. A customized bioinformatic pipeline identified more than 400 annotated microRNA/microRNA* species with a broad abundance range: miR-21 and miR-126 totaled almost 40% of all miRNAs. A complex repertoire of isomiRs was found, displaying also 5′ variations, potentially affecting target recognition. High-stringency bioinformatic analysis identified microRNA candidates, whose predicted pre-miRNAs folded into a stable hairpin. Validation of a subset by qPCR identified 18 high-confidence novel miRNAs as detectable in independent HUVEC cultures and associated to the RISC complex. The expression of two novel miRNAs was significantly down-modulated by hypoxia, while miR-210 was significantly induced. Gene ontology analysis of their predicted targets revealed a significant association to hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Overexpression of the novel miRNAs in hypoxic endothelial cells affected cell growth and confirmed the biological relevance of their down-modulation. In conclusion, deep-sequencing accurately profiled known, variant, and novel microRNAs expressed by endothelial cells in normoxia and hypoxia.     

miR-200c is upregulated by oxidative stress and induces endothelial cell apoptosis and senescence via ZEB1 inhibition

We examined the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression in endothelial cells in vitro, and in mouse skeletal muscle following acute hindlimb ischemia. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to 200 μM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for 8 to 24 h; miRNAs profiling showed that miR-200c and the co-transcribed miR-141 increased more than eightfold. The other miR-200 gene family members were also induced, albeit to a lower level. Furthermore, miR-200c upregulation was not endothelium restricted, and occurred also on exposure to an oxidative stress-inducing drug: 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1nitrosourea (BCNU). miR-200c overexpression induced HUVEC growth arrest, apoptosis and senescence; these phenomena were also induced by H₂O₂ and were partially rescued by miR-200c inhibition. Moreover, miR-200c target ZEB1 messenger RNA and protein were downmodulated by H₂O₂ and by miR-200c overexpression. ZEB1 knockdown recapitulated miR-200c-induced responses, and expression of a ZEB1 allele non-targeted by miR-200c, prevented miR-200c phenotype. The mechanism of H₂O₂-mediated miR-200c upregulation involves p53 and retinoblastoma proteins. Acute hindlimb ischemia enhanced miR-200c in wild-type mice skeletal muscle, whereas in p66^{ShcA −/−} mice, which display lower levels of oxidative stress after ischemia, upregulation of miR-200c was markedly inhibited. In conclusion, ROS induce miR-200c and other miR-200 family members; the ensuing downmodulation of ZEB1 has a key role in ROS-induced apoptosis and senescence.     

EpCAM Knockdown Alters MicroRNA Expression in Retinoblastoma- Functional Implication of EpCAM Regulated MiRNA in Tumor Progression

The co-ordinated regulation of oncogenes along with miRNAs play crucial role in carcinogenesis. In retinoblastoma (RB), several miRNAs are known to be differentially expressed. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) gene is involved in many epithelial cancers including, retinoblastoma (RB) tumorigenesis. EpCAM silencing effectively reduces the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster. In order to investigate whether EpCAM has wider effect as an inducer or silencer of miRNAs, we performed a global microRNA expression profile in EpCAM siRNA knockdown Y79 cells. MicroRNA profiling in EpCAM silenced Y79 cells showed seventy-three significantly up regulated and thirty-six down regulated miRNAs. A subset of these miRNAs was also validated in tumors. Functional studies on Y79 and WERI-Rb-1 cells transfected with antagomirs against two miRNAs of miR-181c and miR-130b showed striking changes in tumor cell properties in RB cells. Treatment with anti-miR-181c and miR-130b showed significant decrease in cell viability and cell invasion. Increase in caspase-3 level was noticed in antagomir transfected cell lines indicating the induction of apoptosis. Possible genes altered by EpCAM influenced microRNAs were predicted by bioinformatic tools. Many of these belong to pathways implicated in cancer. The study shows significant influence of EpCAM on global microRNA expression. EpCAM regulated miR-181c and miR-130b may play significant roles in RB progression. EpCAM based targeted therapies may reduce carcinogenesis through several miRNAs and target genes.     

MicroRNA-663 upregulated by oscillatory shear stress plays a role in inflammatory response of endothelial cells

The mechanisms by which oscillatory shear stress (OS) induces, while high laminar shear stress (LS) prevents, atherosclerosis are still unclear. Here, we examined the hypothesis that OS induces inflammatory response, a critical atherogenic event, in endothelial cells by a microRNA (miRNA)-dependent mechanism. By miRNA microarray analysis using total RNA from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were exposed to OS or LS for 24 h, we identified 21 miRNAs that were differentially expressed. Of the 21 miRNAs, 13 were further examined by quantitative PCR, which validated the result for 10 miRNAs. Treatment of HUVECs with the miR-663 antagonist (miR-663-locked nucleic acids) blocked OS-induced monocyte adhesion, but not apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of miR-663 increased monocyte adhesion in LS-exposed cells. Subsequent mRNA expression microarray study using HUVECs treated with miR-663-locked nucleic acids and OS revealed 32 up- and 3 downregulated genes, 6 of which are known to be involved in inflammatory response. In summary, we identified 10 OS-sensitive miRNAs, including miR-663, which plays a key role in OS-induced inflammatory responses by mediating the expression of inflammatory gene network in HUVECs. These OS-sensitive miRNAs may mediate atherosclerosis induced by disturbed flow.     

Dependence of Intracellular and Exosomal microRNAs on Viral E6/E7 Oncogene Expression in HPV-positive Tumor Cells

Specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancers exhibit aberrant cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. By genome-wide analyses, we investigate whether the intracellular and exosomal miRNA compositions of HPV-positive cancer cells are dependent on endogenous E6/E7 oncogene expression. Deep sequencing studies combined with qRT-PCR analyses show that E6/E7 silencing significantly affects ten of the 52 most abundant intracellular miRNAs in HPV18-positive HeLa cells, downregulating miR-17-5p, miR-186-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-378f, miR-629-5p and miR-7-5p, and upregulating miR-143-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p and miR-27b-3p. The effects of E6/E7 silencing on miRNA levels are mainly not dependent on p53 and similarly observed in HPV16-positive SiHa cells. The E6/E7-regulated miRNAs are enriched for species involved in the control of cell proliferation, senescence and apoptosis, suggesting that they contribute to the growth of HPV-positive cancer cells. Consistently, we show that sustained E6/E7 expression is required to maintain the intracellular levels of members of the miR-17~92 cluster, which reduce expression of the anti-proliferative p21 gene in HPV-positive cancer cells. In exosomes secreted by HeLa cells, a distinct seven-miRNA-signature was identified among the most abundant miRNAs, with significant downregulation of let-7d-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-423-3p, miR-7-5p, miR-92a-3p and upregulation of miR-21-5p, upon E6/E7 silencing. Several of the E6/E7-dependent exosomal miRNAs have also been linked to the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study represents the first global analysis of intracellular and exosomal miRNAs and shows that viral oncogene expression affects the abundance of multiple miRNAs likely contributing to the E6/E7-dependent growth of HPV-positive cancer cells.     

MiR-124 protects human hepatic L02 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by targeting Rab38 gene

Background

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable clinical problem for liver surgeons. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in various hepatic pathophysiological processes, this study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of miR-124 in hepatic IRI.

Methods

A liver IRI model was established in rats. The differential expression of miRNAs was detected using microarrays, and the expression of miR-124 was measured by qRT-PCR. A hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress apoptosis model was also established. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and viability was detected by CCK8. The expression of Rab38 was detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, and a luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the expression of the miR-124 target gene.

Results

The miRNA spectrum changes dramatically after hepatic IRI in rats, and miR-124 is significantly down-regulated after liver IRI. MiR-124 decreases the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis of human hepatic L02 cells by up-regulating the activation of the AKT pathway. Rab38 is a target gene of miR-124 and is involved in H₂O₂-induced apoptosis. Interference with the expression of the Rab38 gene can protect hepatic L02 from H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by increasing the phosphorylation of AKT. These protective effects of miR-124 are attenuated by over-expression of Rab38.

Conclusions

Many miRNAs are involved in hepatic IRI in rats, and miR-124 is significantly decreased in this model. MiR-124 significantly decreases the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis of human hepatic L02 cells by targeting the Rab38 gene and activating the AKT pathway.