对称性二甲基精氨酸(SDMA) 高效价血清抗体的制备*

目的: 制备高效价SDMA血清多克隆抗体。方法: 先由鸟氨酸合成乙胺基丙胺,再与SDMA合成SDMA半抗原,再用戊二醛法将SDMA半抗原与载体蛋白BSA(或OVA)偶联,合成SDMA完全抗原。完全抗原用弗氏佐剂乳化,免疫2只新西兰大耳白兔,隔两周免疫一次,第五次免疫一周后,心脏取血,分离血清,ELISA法检测血清中抗体的滴度,用竞争ELISA法检测小分子的抑制作用。结果: 两只兔免疫获得的抗SDMA抗体血清滴度分别为1∶128 000和1∶56 000;小分子竞争后两只兔血清吸光度值均接近阴性血清吸光度值,说明小分子抑制作用均良好。结论: 血清中抗体滴度达1∶10⁴以上,小分子抑制作用良好,初步说明SDMA兔血清抗体制备成功。     

蝙蝠血清IgG的纯化及兔抗蝙蝠IgG酶标抗体的制备

目的纯化蝙蝠血清IgG,制备兔抗蝙蝠IgG酶标抗体。方法采用亲和层析纯化法纯化蝙蝠血清IgG,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定蝙蝠IgG纯度。免疫大白兔制备兔抗蝙蝠IgG抗血清,免疫双扩散法测定抗血清效价,亲和层析纯化法纯化抗血清IgG。用改良过碘酸钠标记法制备兔抗蝙蝠IgG酶标抗体,直接ELISA和Western blot法对兔抗蝙蝠IgG酶标抗体进行工作浓度测定。结果纯化的蝙蝠血清IgG,其SDS-PAGE测定纯度大于95%;免疫大白兔所制备的抗血清免疫双扩散效价为1∶64;用改良过碘酸钠标记法制备兔抗蝙蝠IgG酶标抗体,其直接ELISA和Western blot工作浓度分别为1∶12800和大于1∶2000。结论制备了蝙蝠血清IgG的抗血清和酶标抗体,为蝙蝠的血清学检测体系提供了技术和资源储备。     

兔抗金黄地鼠酶标抗体的制备及应用

目的 纯化金黄地鼠血清IgG,制备兔抗金黄地鼠酶标抗体(IgG-HRP),开展金黄地鼠仙台病毒的初步检测.方法 采用亲和层析纯化法纯化金黄地鼠IgG,用SDS- PAGE电泳测定IgG纯度并制备兔抗金黄地鼠IgG抗体(second antibody,Ab2);用免疫双扩散法检测抗血清效价后,再用亲和层析纯化抗血清IgG( Ab2);采用改良过碘酸钠标记法制备兔抗金黄地鼠酶标抗体( rabbit anti-hamster IgG-HRP);用直接ELISA和Western-blot法对兔抗金黄地鼠IgG酶标抗体进行工作浓度测定;应用金黄地鼠酶标抗体对金黄地鼠仙台病毒进行酶免检测(IEA).结果 金黄地鼠血清IgG纯度达95％;兔抗金黄地鼠IgG抗体(Ab2)免疫双扩散效价为1(:)64;兔抗金黄地鼠IgG -HRP经直接ELISA和Western-Blot测定工作浓度分别为1∶5000和1∶2000;酶免(IEA)效价为1:2000.结论 高效快速纯化了金黄地鼠IgG,制备了金黄地鼠IgG-HRP,为金黄地鼠病原微生物的血清学检测提供了条件.     

树鼩IgE高亲和力受体α亚基的原核表达、抗体制备及鉴定

目的:原核表达树鼩IgE高亲和力受体α亚基(FcεR1α)并制备抗体,为研究树鼩过敏反应动物模型奠定基础。方法:提取树鼩肝脏及脾脏组织RNA,用巢式PCR法扩增树鼩FcεR1α基因,连接至pMD-19T载体后进行DNA测序,将测序正确的目的片段与表达载体pET30a(+)连接,构建重组表达质粒,转入表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,Ni-NTA树脂柱亲和层析纯化;将纯化的蛋白作为免疫原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备多克隆抗体;Western印迹检测多克隆抗体的特异性,ELISA检测多克隆抗体的效价。结果:调取了树鼩FCεRIα基因,并将该序列去信号肽的胞外结构(第26～213氨基酸)构建到pET30a(+)载体上,通过IPTG诱导表达并纯化了FCεRIα蛋白,蛋白纯度在90%以上。ELISA效价检测结果表明免疫动物制备的多克隆抗体效价为100 000,且该抗体能够检测到真核细胞表达的树鼩IgE FCεRIα蛋白。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化获得树鼩FcεRIα,免疫动物制备了多克隆抗体。     

貉血清IgG纯化及抗血清的制备

目的 制备高纯度貉血清IgG和兔抗貉IgG抗血清,作为建立多种动物抗体检测技术的储备。方法 采用Hitrap Protein A亲和层析及盐析再沉淀法纯化貉血清IgG,通过PAGE电泳和Western-Blot免疫印迹法对IgG作纯度及免疫活性检测;常规免疫法制备兔抗貉IgG血清。结果 貉血清IgG与Protein G虽有较强的结合力,但同时也结合血清中其他杂蛋白;用二步纯化法可从5 mL貉血清中纯化IgG约7 mg,电泳和免疫印迹测定显示,IgG纯度大于95%,常规免疫法制备抗血清免疫双扩散效价达1∶32。结论 建立了可行的貉血清IgG的纯化方法和高效价的兔抗貉血清IgG抗血清,为貉血清IgG二级抗体酶联物的制备储备了资源。     

十七种哺乳动物二级抗体的制备和辣根过氧化物酶标记

目的制备兔抗17种哺乳动物的二级抗体,并进行辣根过氧化物酶标记,为哺乳血清学检测系统的建立提供工具。方法利用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法粗纯抗体后,再利用protein A或protein G亲和层析的方法进一步纯化哺乳动物的IgG,免疫大耳白兔制备抗血清,利用免疫双扩散来检测抗血清的效价,并用Protein A亲和层析的方法来纯化兔抗哺乳动物的二级抗体,采用简易过碘酸钠法对纯化的兔抗哺乳动物的二级抗体进行辣根过氧化物酶标记,通过ELISA方法测定标记抗体的效价,并利用Western blot方法考察标记抗体的特异性。结果纯化了恒河猴、东北虎、布氏田鼠、黑线姬鼠、斑羚、原驼、果子狸、食蟹猴、梅花鹿、长爪沙鼠、马鹿、骆驼、大仓鼠、豚鹿、熊猴、大耳羊和雪貂等17种哺乳动物的血清IgG,分别免疫大耳白兔制备了这17种哺乳动物的兔抗血清,免疫双扩散法测定兔抗这17种哺乳动物的抗血清效价均达到1∶32,并对纯化的兔抗恒河猴IgG、兔抗东北虎IgG、兔抗布氏田鼠IgG、兔抗黑线姬鼠IgG、兔抗斑羚IgG、兔抗原驼IgG、兔抗果子狸IgG、兔抗食蟹猴IgG、兔抗梅花鹿IgG、兔抗长爪沙鼠IgG、兔抗马鹿IgG、兔抗骆驼IgG、兔抗大仓鼠IgG、兔抗豚鹿IgG、兔抗熊猴IgG、兔抗大耳羊IgG和兔抗雪貂IgG等17种哺乳动物的二级抗体进行了辣根过氧化物酶标记,ELISA测定标记抗体的效价达到1∶（2000～60000）左右,Western blots显示标记抗体具有很好的特异性。结论成功制备了HRP标记的兔抗17种哺乳动物的二级抗体,为哺乳动物血清学检测体系的建立提供了工具。     

双峰驼血清IgG亚型的分离纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

双峰驼IgG亚型包含IgG1、IgG2和IgG3,其中IgG2和IgG3为重链抗体,在结构上与IgG1存在显著差异。为获取双峰驼血清中的IgG1、IgG2和IgG3,并分析其抗原特异性和抗体特异性,本文交替使用Protein A和Protein G亲和层析柱,对其分离纯化,并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行鉴定;之后分别制备兔抗双峰驼IgG1、IgG2和IgG3的多克隆抗体,通过ELISA对制备的多克隆抗体的效价进行测定;最后应用Western blot评估这三个亚型多克隆抗体的特异性,进而对双峰驼血清中IgG1、IgG2和IgG3的抗原特异性进行分析。结果表明,应用Protein A和Protein G亲和层析柱成功分离纯化出双峰驼血清中的IgG1、IgG2和IgG3;并制备兔抗双峰驼IgG1、IgG2和IgG3的多克隆抗体效价均在1∶10000以上,并且所获得的多克隆抗体分别与IgG1、IgG2和IgG3之间均存在交叉反应,但兔抗双峰驼IgG1多克隆抗体较其它两个亚型多克隆抗体特异性低。结果证明,双峰驼IgG1、IgG2和IgG3均具有良好的免疫原性,三者结构虽存在显著差异,但其抗原特性类似。     

不同佐剂对人乳头瘤病毒16型L2E7E6蛋白免疫效果的影响

目的:研究CpG佐剂、弗氏佐剂、聚肌胞苷酸佐剂及左旋咪唑、西米替丁作为佐剂对人乳头瘤病毒16型L2E7E6融合蛋白在小鼠体内产生的免疫效果的影响。方法:以单独蛋白组、蛋白加各佐剂组分别肌肉注射免疫C57BL/6小鼠,检测不同佐剂诱发小鼠产生的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答水平,并观察其对小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用。结果:各免疫组均能检测到高滴度的抗L2、E7、E6蛋白IgG抗体(以IgG1为主),其中弗氏佐剂能显著提高E6蛋白的IgG和IgG1抗体水平和E7蛋白的IgG1抗体水平(P<0.05),CpG佐剂明显提高了E7蛋白的IgG2a抗体水平(P<0.01);而西米替丁佐剂则降低了E7抗原的IgG抗体水平(P<0.05);同时可以检测到CpG佐剂组能诱发小鼠产生针对E7、E6较强的细胞免疫反应,且能抑制70%的荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长;此外弗氏佐剂与聚肌胞苷酸佐剂可产生较弱的针对E7肽的细胞免疫反应,能延缓荷瘤小鼠肿瘤形成时间,与单纯蛋白组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:CpG佐剂、弗氏佐剂和聚肌胞苷酸佐剂都能提高人乳头瘤病毒16型L2E7E6融合蛋白的细胞免疫反应水平和抑制肿瘤生长能力,其中CpG佐剂效果较好,为促进该蛋白作为疫苗的研发提供了实验依据。     

兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体的制备

目的制备辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的兔抗麻雀IgY抗体,为禽类血清学检测体系的建立提供技术储备。方法硫酸铵盐析法粗提麻雀血清IgY,进一步在SDS-PAGE上分离后,切下带有目的条带的凝胶作为免疫原,免疫实验兔制备抗血清,Protein-A柱亲和纯化兔抗IgY血清IgG,,使用改良过碘酸钠法制备酶结合物。ELISA检测酶标抗体的工作浓度,western blotting检测酶标抗体的特异性。结果硫酸铵盐析法粗提IgY,可去除部分杂蛋白,SDS-PAGE上分离后切下带有目的条带的凝胶,可以得到足够纯度的抗原,将带有IgY的凝胶作为抗原免疫后获得的抗血清经Protein-A纯化后,二抗在SDS-PAGE上鉴定,纯度达到99%以上。改良的过碘酸钠法标记获得的抗体浓度为1.008 mg/mL,ELISA检测酶标抗体效价为1∶1000。Western blotting鉴定抗体具有特异性。结论获得了优质可靠的兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体。     

七种常见宠物二级抗体的制备和HRP标记

目的制备兔抗7种中国家庭中常见宠物的二级抗体,并进行辣根过氧化酶标记,为宠物血清学检测系统的建立提供工具。方法利用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法粗纯抗体后,再利用protein A 或protein G亲和层析的方法进一步纯化宠物的IgG,免疫大耳白兔制备抗血清,利用免疫双扩散来检测抗血清的效价,并用Protein A亲和层析的方法来纯化兔抗宠物的二级抗体,采用简易过碘酸钠法对纯化的兔抗宠物的二级抗体进行HRP标记,通过ELISA方法测定标记抗体的效价,并利用Western blotting考察标记抗体的特异性。结果纯化了狗、家猫、豚鼠、金仓鼠、松鼠、花鼠和龙猫7种宠物的血清IgG,免疫双扩散法测定兔抗这7种宠物的抗血清效价均达到1：32,并对纯化的兔抗7种宠物的二级抗体进行了HRP标记,ELISA测定标记抗体的效价达到1：（2000～15000）左右,Western blots显示标记抗体具有很好的特异性。结论成功制备了HRP标记的兔抗7种中国家庭中常见宠物的二级抗体,为宠物血清学检测体系的建立提供了工具。     

Purification of antibody Fab and F(ab')2 fragments using Gradiflow technology

The Gradiflow, a preparative electrophoresis instrument designed to separate molecules on the basis of their size and charge, was used to purify antibody Fab and F(ab')2 fragments. The method described is charge based, utilizing the difference in the pI between the antibody Fab/F(ab')2 fragments and antibody Fc fragments that occur after enzyme digestion of whole antibody molecules. This method of purification was successful across a range of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In particular, F(ab')2 fragments were purified from a number of mouse monoclonal antibodies (both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes) and Fab fragments were purified from egg yolk IgY polyclonal antibodies. This is a rapid purification method which has advantages over alternative methods that usually comprise ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. This method may be applicable to most antibody digest preparations.     

Mimetic ligand-based affinity purification of immune complexes and immunoconjugates

We developed a simple purification method to purify alkaline phosphatase/anti-alkaline phosphatase IgG as immune complexes using mimetic affinity chromatography wherein the antibody was either a monospecific antibody, a bispecific antibody or a commercial polyclonal IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (AP–IgG) covalently. The immune complexes or conjugates were efficiently bound on the mimetic Blue A6XL column and eluted under mild conditions (5–20 mM phosphate buffer). A similar strategy of purifying peroxidase/anti-peroxidase antibody complexes was also successfully demonstrated using the mimetic Red 3 column. Mimetic affinity chromatography thus appears to be a simple method to purify the desired monospecific or bispecific antibodies from the respective hybridomas and quadromas.     

金黄色葡萄球菌LDH多克隆抗体制备及其交叉反应性

目的:在原核载体中表达、纯化金黄色葡萄球菌乳酸脱氢酶,免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体,使用多克隆抗体分析与其它菌种的交叉反应性。方法:复苏p ET28a-ldh/Bl21重组菌,IPTG诱导重组融合蛋白表达、以抗HIS标签的单克隆抗体进行western-blot鉴定重组蛋白。使用纯化的重组蛋白以及相应的佐剂免疫小鼠,利用ELISA测定血清抗体效价,并使用小鼠抗血清进行免疫印迹法鉴定重组蛋白的反应原性及其与金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌的交叉反应性。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳在39 KDa处可见目的条带,免疫印迹法验证了重组LDH的表达,纯化后获得2.8 mg重组蛋白。纯化蛋白免疫小鼠能诱导产生特异性体液免疫应答,ELISA检测特异性Ig G效价为1:50000,western-blot鉴定显示所制备的多克隆抗血清能分别识别金黄色葡萄球菌重组及天然乳酸脱氢酶,但不识别表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、大肠埃希菌中天然乳酸脱氢酶。结论:纯化的LDH具有良好的免疫活性,免疫小鼠获得高滴度的多克隆抗体。使用多克隆抗体western-blot显示与其它菌种LDH不存在交叉反应性,为后续使用该重组蛋白进行金黄色葡萄球菌感染的诊断研究奠定基础。     

Specificity of anti-human IgG antibodies in antiglobulin (Coombs) sera.

The agglutination test with latex particles coated with aggregated human IgG was introduced into the evaluation of Coombs serum as an additional test for anti-IgG antibody activity. In Coombs sera prepared by the conventional immunization method employing Freund's adjuvant, latex agglutination titers were found much lower than those of anti-D-coated red cell agglutination. On the other hand, in sera prepared by other immunization methods, such as the one according to Haynes and Chaplin (1971), anti-IgG antibody response was readily observed by IgG-coated latex agglutination. Specificity of anti-IgG antibodies in the latter sera seems to be predominantly directed to aggregated human IgG.     

抗欧亚活血丹凝集素特异性多克隆抗体的制备

欧亚活血丹外源凝集素(Gleheda)是分离自欧亚活血丹 (Glechoma hederacea) 叶片中的一种糖基化植物新蛋白. 如同其他糖基化蛋白,通过免疫学方法探测 Gleheda 的过程中通常受到一些不相干糖蛋白的妨碍,为此制定了抗 Gleheda 特异性多克隆抗体的纯化方案. 免疫血清蛋白经硫酸铵选择性沉淀后,分别以 Gleheda 和刺槐外源凝集蛋白 (RPA) 结合在 Sepharose 4B作为亲和配体,采用亲和层析法连续纯化 2 次,然后进一步采用离子交换层析 Q Fast Flow 提纯. 经每一步骤提纯得到的抗体组分对 Gleheda 的特异性,均同时采用双向免疫扩散检验和 Western blot 分析. 结果表明,以 Gleheda 为配体,亲和纯化制备得到的抗体组分对叶片粗提物中的许多植物 (糖) 蛋白仍然表现交叉反应. 为除去由植物糖蛋白中的聚糖所引起这些非特异性交叉反应抗体,接着以 RPA 为配体再次进行亲和纯化,Western blot 分析显示,抗体的特异性得到提高但并非除去了所有非特异性交叉反应的抗体. 最后进一步采用离子交换层析制备得到仅抗 Gleheda 蛋白的特异性抗体组分,此抗体组分适用于免疫探测研究. 该抗体纯化制备程序简易而高效,而且不需要昂贵的设备.     

Induction of humoral antibody response by soluble polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans

Mice were immunized with purifiedCryptococcus neoformans soluble polysaccharide, or with the polysaccharide coupled to methylated bovine serum albumin or methylated bovine gamma globulin. The polysaccharide-methylated protein complexes were no more immunogenic than the purified polysaccharide when used without Freund's incomplete adjuvant; however, the methylated protein complexes induced higher levels of antibody than purified polysaccharide when emulsified in the adjuvant. Sera from mice were titrated by passive hemagglutination, and maximum antibody titers were observed 14 to 21 days after immunization. Antibody titers declined rapidly after 14 to 21 days in mice immunized with antigen alone; whereas, animals immunized with cryptococcal antigen emulsified in adjuvant remained at peak levels throughout a six week experimental period. All antigens were immunogenic over a wider dosage range when contained in adjuvant. Individual mice immunized with an adjuvant emulsion of purified polysaccharide varied widely in the amount of antibody produced, with some of the animals producing no detectable antibody.     

重组酶Exo的纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的:纯化Exo重组酶融合蛋白并制备相应抗体。方法:用阴离子交换柱对蛋白进行初步纯化,然后用Ni-NTA介质填充的层析柱分离纯化含His标签的融合蛋白,用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖4B介质填充的层析柱分离纯化GST融合蛋白;二次纯化的蛋白利用硝酸纤维素膜结合法制备抗原蛋白并免疫实验动物。结果:ELISA结果显示血清抗体效价可达到1∶12 800,说明通过Western免疫印迹自制的多克隆抗体能特异地与Exo重组蛋白相互作用。结论:该蛋白纯化方法操作简单,制备的抗原纯度高,多克隆抗体特异性好。     

Liposomes as a Mucosal Adjuvant System: An Intranasal Liposomal Influenza Subunit Vaccine and the Role of IgA in Nasal Anti-Influenza Immunity

Abstract

Liposomes exhibit potent immunoadjuvant activity in a variety of experimental vaccine formulations. We have investigated the mucosal adjuvant activity of liposomes in an influenza subunit vaccine. Mice were immunized intranasally (I.N.) with the major surface antigen of influenza virus, hemagglutinin (HA), mixed with negatively charged liposomes. Inclusion of the liposomes in the vaccine resulted in a marked stimulation of the serum IgG response against the antigen. In addition, the liposomal preparation, but not the antigen alone, induced a significant secretory IgA (s-IgA) response, not only in the lungs and nasal cavity, but also at the mucosa of the urogenital tract. The adjuvant activity of the liposomes appeared to be independent of a physical association of the antigen with the liposomes: Stimulation of antibody responses was observed even when liposomes and antigen were administered separately in time. Serum IgG and local s-IgA responses to I.N. immunization with the liposomal vaccine were comparable to the corresponding responses induced by an influenza infection. Mice immunized with the liposomal vaccine or mice recovered from an influenza infection were completely protected from (re)infection. Protection from nasal infection was abrogated by treatment of the mice with an anti-IgA antiserum, while anti-IgG had no effect, indicating that s-IgA plays an essential role in nasal anti-influenza immunity.