中国家蚕抗菌肽ABP-CM4在E.coli中的融合表达及活性分析

参照天然抗菌肽CM4(ABP-CM4)氨基酸序列和大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,采用rPCR法获得CM4基因后重组到表达载体pET32a上,在E.coli中融合表达。表达产物以可溶性存在,经Ni2 -NTA琼脂糖亲和层析获得融合蛋白,再经甲酸切割、亲和层析和阳离子交换层析,得到纯化的重组抗菌肽。琼脂糖扩散法和液相测定法证明了纯化的抗菌肽具有抗菌活性。     

The expression of an R3 lipopolysaccharide-core by pathotypes of Escherichia coli

AIMS: To investigate the incidence of an R3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-core amplicon in a range of pathotypes of Escherichia coli, including Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 100 strains of E. coli belonging to a range of pathotypes, including 41 strains of VTEC, were screened for the genes encoding the R3 LPS-core using PCR. Fifty-four per cent produced an amplicon with the R3 primer set. Of the 41 VTEC, 66% had an R3 LPS-core with a PCR product being observed with all strains belonging to serotypes O26:H11, O111ac:H- and O145:H25. However, 46% of enteroaggregative E. coli and 50% of enteropathogenic E. coli were also shown to have an R3 LPS-core structure. CONCLUSIONS: Strains with an R3 LPS-core are widely distributed within the species E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Strains of E. coli with an R3 LPS-core structure appear not to be associated with a specific pathotype.     

Response dynamics of 26-, 34-, 39-, 54-, and 80-kDa proteases in induced cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli

Several researchers have demonstrated that the presence of a heterologous protein in recombinant Escherichia coli elicits a response similar to the heat-shock response, which includes enhanced protease expression. The present work detects, quantifies, and characterizes intracellular protease activity in E. coli that are "shocked" by the induction of a recombinant protein, CAT, which is an endogenous protein in some E. coli strains. A novel, sodium dodecyl sulfate gelatin poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-GPAGE) method is used to detect, quantify, and characterize the presence of these proteases. A hypothesis is proposed which links the amplified protease activity to a temporary depletion of specific amino acid pools, and a stringent-like stress response. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

大肠杆菌半乳糖结合凝集素的提取纯化

采用琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B（Sepharose CL-6B）亲和层析以及Sephadex G-75凝胶分子筛等对大肠杆菌（Esche-richia coli,E.coli）半乳糖凝集素进行了纯化。结果显示,目标蛋白经简单的步骤即可以得到纯化,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）及凝血实验证明纯化蛋白为E.coli半乳糖凝集素,蛋白提取回收率为11.4%。研究首次从E.coli蛋白提取液中分离得到纯的半乳糖凝集素,且此方法简单快捷,优越性明显。应用此方法将有利于微生物半乳糖凝集素的深入研究。     

Production and characterization of Escherichia coli enterohemolysin and its effects on the structure of erythrocyte membranes

Hemolysins are cell-damaging protein toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria, which are usually released into the extracellular medium. Escherichia coli enterohemolysin is an intracellular toxin produced during the log phase of growth, with a maximal intracellular accumulation in the late log phase. In the present study, we have employed electron microscopy and SDS-PAGE to assess the effects of enterohemolysin on erythocyte membranes from different species. The erythrocyte cell damage began immediately after exposure to enterohemolysin with chemically detectable changes in cell membrane permeability, and the formation of surface lesions which increased rapidly in size. This process resulted in complete cell destruction. Ring-shaped structures with a diameter of 10nm were observed by electron microscopy after treatment of horse erythrocyte membranes with enterohemolysin. The ring structures were found clustered and irregularly distributed on the surface of the membranes. Following incubation of the toxin with horse erythrocyte ghosts and detergent-solubilization, the enterohemolysin was isolated from the cytoplasm in its membrane-bound form by sucrose density gradient. SDS-PAGE and silver staining of deoxycholate-solubilized target membranes revealed heterogeneous forms of the toxin. By using SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, the molecular weight of the toxin was estimated to be 35 kDa. With respect to species specificity, horse erythrocytes showed the highest sensitivity to the enterohemolysin, followed by human and guinea pig erythrocytes. The hemolytic sensitivity correlated with the toxin binding capacity of erythrocyte membranes of different animal species. The degree of hemolysis was unaffected by temperature in the range of 4 degrees C-37 degrees C and was optimal at pH 9.0. In contrast to pore-forming cytolysins, the hemolytic activity of enterohemolysin was enhanced continuously in the presence of increasing concentrations of dextran 4 and dextran 8 within the range of 5 to 30 mM. Trypsin sensitivity of membrane-bound enterohemolysin indicates that the cell surface is the most likely target site for this toxin. Additionally, the fact that proteinase and phosphatase inhibitors failed to inhibit lysis suggests that enterohemolysin alters and disrupts cell membranes by a detergent-like mechanism.     

猪源大肠杆菌(ETEC、STEC、AEEC)毒力基因及其与O抗原型的关系

[目的]揭示从我国部分地区仔猪腹泻或水肿病病猪体内分离到的300个大肠杆菌分离株所属病原型(pathotype)、毒力基因及其与O血清型的关系.[方法]O血清型采用常规的凝集试验进行测定,毒力基因采用PCR方法检测.[结果]通过对这300个分离株的O血清型及其毒素、紧密素和黏附素基因进行鉴定,结果显示除50株未定型、17株自凝外,测定出233个分离株的血清型,这些分离株覆盖了45个血清型,其中以0149、0107、0139、093和091为主,共133株,占定型菌株的57.1%;拥有est Ⅰ、estⅡ、elt、stx2e和eae A基因的菌株分别为102(34.0%)、190(63.3%)、81(27.0%)、57(19.0%)和54(18.0%)株;分离株中有51株K88基因阳性(其中菌毛表达率为100%),75株F18基因阳性(其中菌毛表达率为50.7%),在K88菌株中,0149血清型与est Ⅰ或estⅡ elt密切相关,在F18菌株中,0107血清型与est Ⅰ或estⅡ、0139血清型与stx2e紧密相关.依其毒力特征可将这些分离株分为以下6种类型:ETEC、STEC、AEEC、ETEC/STEC、AEEC/ETEC和AEEC/ETEC/STEC,分别拥有190、24、36、32、17和1个菌株,占分离株的63.3%、8.0%、12.0%、10.7%、5.7%和0.3%.通过分析这些分离株的O血清型、毒素类型和黏附素型之间的相关性:猪源ETEC以0149、0107、093和098等血清型为主,0149:K88菌株主要与estⅡ或estⅡ elt肠毒素相关,0107:F18菌株主要与estⅡ相关,093和098血清型菌株主要与estⅡ肠毒素相关;STEC菌株以0139:F18血清型为主,拥有stx2e;AEEC菌株拥有紧密素,无明显优势血清型;ETEC/STEC菌株以0107:F18和0116:F18血清型为主,主要与est Ⅰ stx2e或estⅡ stx2e密切相关,ETEC/AEEC菌株以091和0107血清型为主,全部拥有肠毒素est Ⅰ和紧密素基因.[结论]我国至少存在6种病原型的猪肠道致病性大肠杆菌,其中ETEC为我国部分地区猪大肠杆菌病的主要病原,同时其病原型日益复杂.     

大肠埃希菌Mn-SOD基因的克隆、表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的实现Mn-SOD基因在大肠埃希菌中的高可溶性表达,制备Mn-SOD的多克隆抗体。方法用PCR方法从一株野生型大肠埃希菌（E.coli）基因组中扩增Mn-SOD基因编码区．将它克隆到原核表达载体上进行大量表达和纯化,再用纯化的蛋白对新西兰大白兔进行背部多点注射,40d后取其血清,用Western-blot印迹实验测定抗体效果。结果SDS-PAGE分析表明SOD的表达量约为细菌总蛋白的50％;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定表达蛋白活性,结果表明每毫克菌体可溶性总蛋白中表达产物酶比活为3921．77U／mg,是对照BL21的276．77倍;并制备了高效价的多克隆抗体。结论该研究成功地构建了大肠埃希菌Mn-SOD基因高效原核表达系统,所表达的Mn-SOD具有良好的免疫原性和免疫反应性。     

大肠埃希菌临床分离株CTX—M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因型研究

目的了解我院临床分离大肠埃希菌产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的基因型分布情况。方法收集我院临床分离大肠埃希菌200株,按美国临床和实验室标准协会2006年制订的标准确定ESBLs表型。PCR扩增CTX—M耐药基因,扩增产物测序,测序结果与GenBank比对,确定CTX．M基因型。结果200株大肠埃希菌中有94株ESBLs阳性,其中92株CTX-M基因扩增阳性。测序结果表明,大肠埃希菌CTX．M基因型以CTX．M14为主,占67．4％,同时CTX—M3占27．2％,5株未分型。结论大肠埃希菌中产CTX．M型ESBLs的检出率较高,其基因型以CTX．M14和CTX．M3型为主。     

过量表达苹果酸酶对E.coli FMJ39厌氧混合酸发酵的影响

为了考察苹果酸酶对厌氧混合酸发酵影响,从E.coli DH5α中PCR扩增苹果酸酶（NAD+-dependent, E.C1.1.1.38）基因sfcA,插入质粒pTrc99a构建了表达质粒pTrc99a-sfcA,有氧和厌氧的条件下,IPTG诱导在E.coli FMJ39（ldh,pfl）中均获得大量表达,从而构建和加强了一条在厌氧混合酸发酵中微弱的代谢途径。厌氧发酵结果表明,过量表达苹果酸酶会影响混合酸发酵中甲酸、乙酸、丁二酸途径。重组FMJ39甲酸和乙酸的量分别比FMJ39提高了17.58%和15.27%,丁二酸的量降低了26.87%,柠檬酸的量变化不大。证实即使pfl基因缺陷,高浓度的L-Thr和L-Ser也会诱导Tdc 操纵元把丙酮酸转化为甲酸和乙酸。实验结果为进一步改造和利用FMJ39奠定了基础。     

Methanogenesis from acetate: Physiology of a thermophilic, acetate-utilizing methanogenic bacterium

Abstract The biosynthesis of K88, K99 and F41 fibrillae by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains was shown to be dependent on the growth phase of the cultures. An increase in adhesin production was observed, during exponential growth reaching its maximum at the end of this phase; thereafter adhesin production was arrested.
A simple and rapid purification procedure was developed for adhesins isolated from exponentially growing cells.     

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains may carry virulence properties of diarrhoeagenic E. coli

To analyze whether Escherichia coli strains that cause urinary tract infections (UPEC) share virulence characteristics with the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes and to recognize their genetic diversity, 225 UPEC strains were examined for the presence of various properties of DEC and UPEC (type of interaction with HeLa cells, serogroups and presence of 30 virulence genes). No correlation between adherence patterns and serogroups was observed. Forty-five serogroups were found, but 64% of the strains belonged to one of the 12 serogroups (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O14, O15, O18, O21, O25, O75, and O175) and carried UPEC virulence genes (pap, hly, aer, sfa, cnf). The DEC genes found were: aap, aatA, aggC, agg3C, aggR, astA, eae, ehly, iha, irp2, lpfA(O113), pet, pic, pilS, and shf. Sixteen strains presented aggregative adherence and/or the aatA sequence, which are characteristics of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), one of the DEC pathotypes. In summary, certain UPEC strains may carry DEC virulence properties, mostly associated to the EAEC pathotype. This finding raises the possibility that at least some faecal EAEC strains might represent potential uropathogens. Alternatively, certain UPEC strains may have acquired EAEC properties, becoming a potential cause of diarrhoea.     

The detection of non-O157 E. coli in food by immunomagnetic separation

AIMS: To compare immunomagnetic separation (IMS) protocols (enrichment media and temperature) for the isolation of Escherichia coli serotypes O26 and O111 from four different foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Foods (minced beef, cheese, apple juice and pepperoni) spiked with low numbers (<100 g(-1)) of stressed nalidixic mutant E. coli serotypes O26 and O111 were enriched in media based on buffered peptone water (BPW), tryptone soya and EC broths incubated at temperatures of 37 and 42 degrees C to optimize the IMS technique. BPW enrichments gave increased recoveries of both serotypes compared with tryptone soya and EC broths. Elevated temperatures of incubation at 42 degrees C were superior to 37 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Positive detection of low numbers of stressed target pathogens in all replicate tests was only possible using BPW enrichments. The majority of tests from alternative enrichments resulted in zero or single colonies recovered post-IMS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The optimum IMS protocol would improve isolation rates of E. coli O26 and O111 from foods and lead to increased safety for the consumer. Sub-optimal IMS protocols could lead to foods being incorrectly labelled free from these pathogens.     

大肠杆菌对体外培养的THP-1细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨大肠杆菌(E.coli)感染与THP-1细胞凋亡的关系.方法以THP-1细胞作为E.coli感染的体外细胞模型,当细胞与细菌浓度比分别为1:5,1:10,1:20,1:50及1:100时,用荧光染色技术、Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞仪检测分析等方法检测细胞凋亡率.结果细胞与细菌浓度比较低时(1:5)即可引起部分THP-1细胞发生凋亡,THP-1细胞凋亡百分率随E.coli感染剂量的增加而增加.Hoechst33258荧光染色及流式细胞仪二种方法所得结果一致.结论 E.coli以剂量依赖方式诱导THP-1细胞凋亡.     

3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因的质粒载体构建和表达

目的 实现3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因在大肠埃希菌中的高可溶性表达.方法 从土壤中分离睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌,提取其基因组DNA,PCR扩增3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3α-HSD)基因,将它克隆到原核表达载体上进行诱导表达.提取细菌总蛋白进行SDS-PAGE分析并测定酶活性.结果 经核苷酸序列测定和酶切鉴定结果表明,成功地构建了重组质粒,IPTG诱导表达后,获得融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE初步测定目的蛋白的相对分子量约为29kDa,与预期理论值一致;酶活性测定结果表明菌体可溶性总蛋白HSD酶比活性为142.81 U/mg,是对照BL21的12.97倍.结论 该研究成功地构建了3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因高效原核表达系统,为利用基因工程手段大量制备3α-HSD的工作奠定了基础.     

天花粉蛋白突变基因TCSA-S在大肠杆菌BL21中的表达

天花粉蛋白是具有N-糖苷酶活性的一种植物Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白,本研究用PCR方法获得了天花粉蛋白的突变基因TCSA-S,构建了表达载体pET-30a( )-TCSA-S,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),并在30℃条件下诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,重组的突变体基因TCSA-S表达产物主要存在于包含体中。     

健康人与慢性腹泻患者粪便中B/E比值的差异及其用于判断肠菌群失调的可能性

本文对37名健康人和27名腹泻患者的双歧杆菌(B)与大肠杆菌(E)的比值作了比较,结果表明两组B/E值有显著差异。认为B/E比值有可能作为判断早期肠道菌群失调的指标。     

小鼠Nanog基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

按照nanog基因编码序列设计合成引物,利用RT-PCB从小鼠的囊胚期胚胎中扩增得到该 基因,并将该基因克隆到pET-28b(+)载体上,获得pET-28b(+)-nanog原核表达重组质粒,限制 性酶分析和DNA序列测定均证实该克隆插入片段为nanog基因编码序列。重组质粒转化大肠杆 菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,在大肠杆菌表达系统中获得了高效表达,western杂交证实该 蛋白具有6-His抗原活性,从而证实目的蛋白为Nanog蛋白。     

基因重组Echistatin发酵工艺的优化

目的:利用基因工程方法对一种蛇毒锯鳞蝰素蛋白的发酵纯化工艺进行优化,以提高目的蛋白的产量和纯度。方法:对工程菌进行发酵培养并诱导表达,研究不同的培养基、不同补料方式、溶解氧浓度、培养和诱导时间对工程菌产量和目的蛋白表达量的影响,利用几丁质亲和层析纯化Ecs融合蛋白,通过合适温度和pH裂解融合蛋白得到Ecs纯品,并鉴定和检测Ecs活性。结果:经过高密度发酵优化后,菌体湿重可达110g/L,目的蛋白表达量约占总蛋白的40%;亲和层析纯化后,得到Ecs单体,得率为68mg/L发酵液。生物学活性分析显示,重组Ecs能有效抑制血小板的聚集,其活性与天然Ecs相似。结论:通过发酵和纯化工艺优化,大大提高了目的蛋白产量,为进一步规模化研究和生产奠定了基础。     

重组大肠杆菌碱裂解方法的改进

为了降低质粒DNA的生产成本,对经典碱裂解法中的溶液III进行了改进,以表达溶菌酶基因的pcDNKLYZ重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌DH5α为指示菌,用标准碱裂解和改进碱裂解法提取质粒pcDNKLYZ,以提取的质粒产量和质量为指标,判断优化碱性裂解法的性价比,结果显示,用改进后的碱裂解法裂解重组菌,提取的pcDNKLYZ质粒产量和质量等指标与标准方法接近,而成本仅为标准方法的1/4,可用于重组质粒的大规模制备。