Effect of cold-restraint stress on the distribution of trace elements in rat tissues

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cold-restraint stress on blood and the other tissue levels of trace elements. The experiment was performed on male Swiss albino rats. The animals were divided to two groups: control and stressed groups. In the stressed group, the rats were subjected to immobilization for 4 h at 4°C. At the end of the experimental period, blood and tissue samples were collected from all of the animals. The levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, and manganese were measured using flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. In rats subjected to stress, the zinc levels of serum were increased, whereas in the duodenum and brain, zinc was found to decrease when compared to the control. The magnesium content of both the stomach and duodenum were reduced, but the manganese levels of the liver, kidneys, and brain significantly increased because of stress. In conclusion, cold-restraint stress may affect the metabolic process by changing the distributions of zinc, magnesium, and manganese in tissues.     

Mineral content of blood serum in greenland seal pups during the period of adaptation to the captivity

Results of investigation of mineral levels in the harp seal pups blood serum in connection with adaptation to the captivity are presented. The contents of copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, cobalt, manganese, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus in the first 18 day of animals keeping in the oceanarium were determined. The causes of the revealed differences in changes of the contents of single elements during the observation term, and also question on duration of fading stress alterations and stabilization of biochemical parameters of marine mammals blood are discussed.     

Comparative study of selected blood biochemical components in milk or milk-replacer fed calves during the second week of life

The experiment was carried out on 13 male Polish Black and White dairy calves of 75% share of the Holstein-Friesian (HF) breed during the second week of life. The animals were divided into two groups. One group (n=7) was fed mother's milk and the second (n=6) milk replacer. The dynamics of changes in concentration of selected blood biochemical components connected with nitrogen metabolism (plasma total protein, albumin, urea, endogenous creatinine) and with mineral metabolism (sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and plasma osmotic pressure) were analyzed in both groups. The results show that the type of ingested food influences the concentration of indicators reflecting nitrogen metabolism. Changes of these parameters in calves fed milk replacer are possibly connected with advantageous catabolic changes. Stable concentrations of main extracellular fluid electrolytes and blood plasma osmotic pressure were found in both groups of calves. Constant blood plasma calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper concentrations observed during this study might also indicate the relative maturity of mechanisms maintaining water and electrolyte balance. Nevertheless, it seemsjustifiable to monitor the copper concentrations in plasma of young calves.     

Serum concentration of zinc, copper, manganese and magnesium in patients with liver cirrhosis

The role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and its complications is still not clearly understood. Serum concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and magnesium were determined in 105 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 50 healthy subjects by means of plasma sequential spectrophotometer. Serum concentrations of zinc were significantly lower (median 0.82 vs. 11.22 micromol/L, p < 0.001) in patients with liver cirrhosis in comparison to controls. Serum concentrations of copper were significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis (median 21.56 vs. 13.09 micromol/L, p < 0.001) as well as manganese (2.50 vs. 0.02 micromol/L, p < 0.001). The concentration of magnesium was not significantly different between patients with liver cirrhosis and controls (0.94 vs. 0.88 mmol/L, p = 0.132). There were no differences in the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and magnesium between male and female patients with liver cirrhosis. Only manganese concentration was significantly different between Child-Pugh groups (p = 0.036). Zinc concentration was significantly lower in patients with hepatic encephalopathy in comparison to cirrhotic patients without encephalopathy (0.54 vs. 0.96 micromol/L, p = 0.002). The correction of trace elements concentrations might have a beneficial effect on complications and maybe progression of liver cirrhosis. It would be recommendable to provide analysis of trace elements as a routine.     

The Correlation of Serum Trace Elements and Heavy Metals with Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Changes in essential trace elements and heavy metals may affect the atherosclerotic state of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between the serum levels of some trace elements and heavy metals (iron, zinc, manganese, copper, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and copper/zinc ratio) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in HD patients. Fifty chronic HD patients without known atherosclerotic disease and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in the study. The serum levels of trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and magnesium) and heavy metals (cobalt, cadmium, and lead) were measured by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (UNICAM-929). CIMT was assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. The serum levels of iron, zinc, and manganese were lower; levels of copper, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and copper/zinc ratio were higher in HD patients compared to controls. CIMT in HD patients were higher than the control group (0.64?±?0.11 vs 0.42?±?0.05, p?相似文献   

Studies of Zn, Mg, Cu, Ca and Fe in cadmium poisoned toads before and after treatment with EDTA

Zn, Mg, Cu, Ca and Fe were determined spectrophotometrically in liver, kidneys, muscle, spleen and blood of Bufo regularis after a single i.m. injection of 6.2 mg Cd/kg (which represents the 96 hr LD50) alone or in combination with 40 mg EDTA/kg (the minimal EDTA concentration causing 100% survival over that period). Cadmium administration caused recognizable effects on the essential metals levels in different tissues and organs. In the majority of the tissues and organs studied, zinc and copper concentrations returned to their normal ranges in animals that received both cadmium and EDTA. In contrast, magnesium, calcium and iron contents not only returned back to their control values but also exceeded them.     

Levels of trace elements in the liver and diet of free-living koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss)

The mean liver concentrations of copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt were 0.25, 0.20, 2.97 mmol/kg and 2.81 mumol/kg respectively in free-living koalas in Victoria, Australia. The mean plasma copper concentration was 9.2 mmol/liter which was somewhat below the level in other hindgut fermenters. The mean concentrations of copper, manganese and zinc in their diet (Eucalyptus spp.) were 0.08, 4.46 and 0.27 mmol/kg respectively. Analysis of the data established a significant correlation between the age of the koalas and the inverse of the concentration of the copper (r = -0.67, P less than 0.001) in the liver. There were no such correlations apparent for manganese, zinc or cobalt. The concentrations of trace metals in the Eucalyptus diet for the koala were comparable to those recommended in the diets for other hindgut fermenters such as horse, rabbits and rats. However there was evidence for suboptimal plasma copper levels (mean 9.2 mmol/liter) in some koalas, and reduced liver copper levels in older koalas. Liver histology revealed the presence of brown intracytoplasmic granules in hepatocytes. The size and number of these granules per cell was noted to increase with increasing age of the koala but the chemical nature and the role of the granules was not determined by the histochemical techniques used.     

Effect of motor activity of different intensity upon the blood composition and respiratory function in domestic animals during their first months of life

Responses of the blood content, breathing function and gaseous metabolism to changes of motional activity level in calves in the first 30 days of a postnatal period were investigated. Keeping of calves in conditions natural for mature animals at different motor activity levels as compared with the locomotion limitation leads to a lesser reduction of hemoglobin content, haematocrit ratio, red cells and reticulocytes count in blood of calves during first 30 days of life. In comparison with calves with additional motor activity, 10-day old calves with natural motor activity and locomotion limitation showed an increase of the protein level and reduction of glucose and cholesterol in the blood. Locomotion limitation of calves during the first 30 days of postnatal period caused reduction of the blood oxygen carrying capacity (erythrocytes and reticulocytes count) with simultaneous decrease of breathing function and gaseous metabolism efficiency (breathing output, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake).     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on some hair trace elements

This study was performed in order to analyze the relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on hair copper, zinc, manganese, and iron content in four groups of seven animals each which were pair-fed during 8 wk with (1) a nutritionally adequate diet, (2) a 36% (as energy) ethanol-containing isocaloric diet, (3) a 2% protein, isocaloric diet, and (4) a 36% ethanol, 2% protein isocaloric diet, respectively, following the Lieber-DeCarli model, and to analyze the relationship between hair copper, zinc, manganese, and iron content, and the liver and muscle content of these elements. Although there was a trend to higher levels of all the elements analyzed in the the hair of the low-protein fed animals, differences were statistically significant regarding copper and manganese, effects being solely attributable to the low protein diet, not to ethanol. Moreover, hair copper was significantly, inversely related with final weight and weight loss. There were significant relationship between liver zinc and muscle zinc (r=0.57, p=0.002), but not between liver or muscle zinc and hair zinc; no correlations were observed between muscle copper and hair copper, nor between liver manganese and hair manganese. An inverse, statistically significant correlation was observed between liver copper and hair copper (r=−0.39, p<0.05).     

Lower strontium in two different body matrices in neurodevelopmental disorders: A preliminary report

BackgroundEnvironmental factors, including elemental homeostasis, have not been studied sufficiently in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This study aims to compare the status of 13 elements in blood and deciduous teeth dentine of children having an autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with typically developing controls.MethodsElements including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, mercury, lead, cadmium, molybdenum, and strontium in both deciduous teeth and blood were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsStrontium levels in both blood and teeth samples were found to be significantly lower in the NDD group. Additionally, blood cadmium and mercury levels, and copper/zinc ratio were higher in the NDD group.ConclusionsOur results warrant further investigation in a large series of NDD examining symptom levels and genetic variations associated with elemental homeostasis.     

复合疲劳对大鼠不同组织矿物质代谢影响研究

目的:研究复合疲劳大鼠血液、肌肉、肝脏和脑中矿物元素代谢变化的影响。方法:将30只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、食物限制组和复合疲劳组。经过5天的实验干预后,提取动物的血液、腓肠肌、肝脏和脑,并利用原子吸收分光光度法测量各组织中的钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)。结果:相对正常对照组和食物限制组,复合疲劳大鼠的肌肉、肝脏和脑中的K(P<0.01)和肝脏中的Fe(P<005)明显升高,血液中的Cu(与正常对照组比较P<0.01,与食物限制组比较P<0.05)明显下降;与对照组相比,复合疲劳大鼠的血液中的K明显升高(P<0.05),血液中的Mg和Zn(P<0.05),肌肉中的Ca、Mg和Zn(PCa<0.05,PMg<0.05,PZn<0.01),肝脏中的Ca和Zn(PCa<0.01,PZn<0.05),以及脑中的Fe、Mg和Zn(PFe<0.05,PMg<0.05,PZn<0.01)明显降低。结论:在复合疲劳状态下,大鼠血液、肌肉、肝脏和脑中的K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu代谢发生变化,可能在疲劳的发生与缓解中发挥作用。     

Effect of age and dietary protein level on tissue mineral levels in female rats

Mineral (phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese) concentrations were measured in plasma, and several tissues from female Wistar rats (young: 3-wk-old; mature: 6-mo-old) were fed on a dietary regimen designed to study the combined or singular effects of age and dietary protein on mineral status. Three diets, respectively, contained 5, 15, and 20% of bovine milk casein. Nephrocalcinosis chemically diagnosed by increased calcium and phosphorus in kidney was prevented in rats fed a 5% protein diet. Renal calcium and phosphorus were more accumulated in young rats than mature rats. A 5% protein diet decreased hemoglobin and blood iron. The hepatic and splenic iron was increased by a 5% protein diet in mature rats but was not altered in young rats. Mature rats had higher iron in brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, and tibia than young rats. A 5% protein diet decreased zinc in plasma and liver. Zinc in tibia was increased with dietary protein level in young rats but was not changed in mature rats. A 5% protein diet decreased copper concentration in plasma of young rats but not in mature rats. Mature rats had higher copper in plasma, blood, brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney than young rats. With age, manganese concentration was increased in brain but decreased in lung, heart, liver, kidney, and muscle. These results suggest that the response to dietary protein regarding mineral status varies with age.     

Peripheral plasma levels of certain mineral elements in primitive African goats

Changes in blood plasma calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, sodium and potassium concentrations over a 3-year period were investigated in primitive goats. Blood plasma mineral concentrations were determined by atomic absorption and a colorimetric method. Changes in Zn and Ca concentrations are season dependent, potassium levels show only a long-term change tendency, and magnesium and inorganic phosphorus had constant levels throughout the investigation period. Iron, copper and sodium showed both long-term change tendencies and more or less marked season related changes.     

Plasma Levels of Zinc,Copper, Copper/Zinc Ratio,and Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase in Equine Piroplasmosis

We have determined the plasma concentrations of copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio, and carbonic anhydrase activity in horses infected with Babesia equi. The study was conducted in 14 horses with the disease and 10 healthy animals that served as controls. The infection was confirmed by the clinical manifestations of the disease and by Giemsa staining of thin blood smears showing the parasites inside red blood cells. The horses with piroplasmosis had lower plasma levels of zinc, elevated copper, and increased activity of carbonic anhydrase. Consequently, the copper/zinc ratio was also higher than in the healthy controls.     

Levels and distribution of zinc,copper, magnesium,and calcium in rats fed different levels of dietary zinc

Effects of altered dietary zinc on levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium in organ and peripheral tissues were studied. When rats fed a zinc-deficient diet (1.3 μg Zn/g) for 28 d were compared with rats fed a control diet (37.5 μg Zn/g), levels of zinc were slightly lower in plasma, hair, and skin and 50% lower in femur and pancreas, whereas the levels of copper were higher in all tissue except plasma. Magnesium levels were higher than controls in the heart and lower in the spleen, whereas the calcium levels were lower in plasma, lung, spleen, kidney, and skin and strikingly higher in brain, hair, and femur. When rats fed a zinc-supplemented diet (1.0 mg Zn/g) were compared to the same conrols, levels of zinc in these were higher in all organs and peripheral tissues studied, except heart, lung, and liver; copper levels were higher in liver, kidney, and spleen; magnesium levels were significantly higher in the spleen, but were little affected in other tissues, although calcium levels were higher in pancreas, spleen, kidney, and skin and lower in plasma and hair. These data indicate that overall copper organ and peripheral tissue levels are affected inversely, and zinc and calcium levels directly, by zinc nutriture.     

Chemotherapy and trace element levels in blood and tissue of rats implanted with prostate tumor cells

Male Copenhagen rats with transplanted prostatic adeno-carcinoma were treated with different polyamine synthesis inhibitors, such as methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) combined with 9-β-d-arabin-ofuranosyl-adenine (ARA-A), α-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO), and some of their combinations. Levels of the essential trace elements—copper, zinc, magnesium, iron, selenium, and manganese —have been determined in blood, tumor, kidney, and liver of these animals and are discussed in terms of efficiency of the treatment. MGBG had the strongest effect on trace element levels in tissues of treated animals. MGBG combined with DFMO exhibited the highest antitumor activity of all treatment protocols. Selenium given as selenite with drinking water was used as an adjuvant with the most toxic combination, (ARA-A/EHNA, MGBG). Selenite reduced the toxicity of these therapeutic agents.     

Galvanized caging as a potential factor in the development of the "fading infant" or "white monkey" syndrome.

Four rhesus females and their infants were kept in galvanized enclosures, and three were kept in stainless steel caging. All four offspring in the galvanized enclosures developed achromotrichia, alopecia, and weakness that varied from modererate to severe while the three infants in stainless steel cages were clinically normal. Plasma copper, zinc, and iron values as well as liver copper and zinc values of the infants were compared for the two types of caging. Plasma copper values were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the animals housed in galvanized cages. Plasma zinc and liver zinc levels were significantly elevated in these same animals (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Significant differences were not detected in liver copper values in the two groups of infants. Copper and zinc levels in the dams' plasma and milk were not statistically different between the two groups.     

Effect of lithium on hepatic and serum elemental status under different dietary protein regimens

Lithium carbonate at the dose level of 1.1 g/kg was administered in diet to normal (18% protein), low-protein-(LP; 8%) and highprotein (HP; 30% diet)-fed rats for a period of 1 mo. The LP diet resulted in a significant decrease in the hepatic levels of zinc, iron, copper, manganese, calcium, and serum levels of calcium and sodium. The HP diet caused a marked decrease in copper and calcium levels in liver, but an increase in potassium levels in serum was observed. Lithium treatment to normal rats led to a significant reduction in the hepatic contents of zinc, copper, potassium, calcium, and serum contents of potassium and sodium, whereas an elevation in serum contents of calcium was noticed. Administration of lithium to protein-deficient rats increased the hepatic concentration of manganese and serum concentration of calcium and the levels almost reached the normal limits. On the other hand, there was a marked depression in potassium contents in the serum of LP-as well as HP-fed rats following lithium treatment when compared to LP and HP groups, respectively.     

Effect of dietary selenium, zinc and allopurinol supplements on plasma and tissue manganese levels in rats with thiocetamide-induced liver cirrhosis

The effect of thiocetamide-induced liver cirrhosis on plasma and tissuemanganese levels and the protective role of selenium, zinc and allopurinolsupplements was investigated in rats. Control plasma and liver manganese(Mn) levels were found to be (mean ± SD): 8.4 ± 2.4 mg/L and5.7 ± 1.5 mg/g wet weight respectively. Plasma manganese levels weresignificantly increased (p < 0.001) whereas liver manganese levels weresignificantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the cirrhotic rats. Treatment withselenium, zinc and allopurinol reversed this trend and restored themanganese levels close to the normal values. Lung, spleen, and kidneymanganese levels under control conditions were considerably lower than thatof the liver tissue. However, these levels registered a significant increase(p < 0.05) in cirrhotic rats and this change was normalized after selenium,zinc and allopurinol treatment. There were no significant differences in thecomparative efficacy of each of these protective agents. Zinc supplementconsiderably increased the plasma zinc levels and plasma Zn/Mn ratio had agood correlation with plasma zinc concentration. This ratio wassignificantly reduced in cirrhotic rats, but returned to the control levelafter zinc, selenium and allopurinol treatment. The results of this studyindicate that the trace element, manganese, plays an important role instabilizing cell structure and that this effect is mediated possibly bypreserving the antioxidant activity of the tissues.     

Analysis of Trace and Major Elements in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Mycoplasma Bronchopneumonia in Calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of direct determination of trace and major element concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from Holstein calves with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 20). The samples were obtained during bronchoscopy using a standard examination method. A total of 18 elements (aluminum, bromine, calcium, chlorine, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorous, sulfur, silicon, strontium, titanium, and zinc) were detected by particle-induced X-ray emission. The average bromine, iron, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous concentrations were higher in calves with bronchopneumonia than in controls (p < 0.05). They were found to have higher amounts of calcium and zinc, and a higher zinc–copper ratio than that in healthy calves (p < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristics curves, we propose a diagnostic cutoff point for zinc–copper ratio for identification of Mycoplasma pneumonia of 8.676. Our results indicate that assessment of the elemental composition of broncholaveolar lavage fluid is a promising diagnostic tool for Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia.