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1.
Phelan S Wyatt H Nassery S Dibello J Fava JL Hill JO Wing RR 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(10):2470-2477
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long‐term weight loss and eating and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers who lost weight using a low‐carbohydrate diet. Research Methods and Procedures: This study examined 3‐year changes in weight, diet, and physical activity in 891 subjects (96 low‐carbohydrate dieters and 795 others) who enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry between 1998 and 2001 and reported ≥30‐lb weight loss and ≥1 year weight loss maintenance. Results: Only 10.8% of participants reported losing weight after a low‐carbohydrate diet. At entry into the study, low‐carbohydrate diet users reported consuming more kcal/d (mean ± SD, 1895 ± 452 vs. 1398 ± 574); fewer calories in weekly physical activity (1595 ± 2499 vs. 2542 ± 2301); more calories from fat (64.0 ± 7.9% vs. 30.9 ± 13.1%), saturated fat (23.8 ± 4.1 vs. 10.5 ± 5.2), monounsaturated fat (24.4 ± 3.7 vs. 11.0 ± 5.1), and polyunsaturated fat (8.6 ± 2.7 vs. 5.5 ± 2.9); and less dietary restraint (10.8 ± 2.9 vs. 14.9 ± 3.9) compared with other Registry members. These differences persisted over time. No differences in 3‐year weight regain were observed between low‐carbohydrate dieters and other Registry members in intent‐to‐treat analyses (7.0 ± 7.1 vs. 5.7 ± 8.7 kg). Discussion: It is possible to achieve and maintain long‐term weight loss using a low‐carbohydrate diet. The long‐term health effects of weight loss associated with a high‐fat diet and low activity level merits further investigation. 相似文献
2.
Graffagnino CL Falko JM La Londe M Schaumburg J Hyek MF Shaffer LE Snow R Caulin-Glaser T 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2006,14(2):280-288
Objective: The purpose of our retrospective database analysis was to describe and evaluate the outcomes of a weight loss intervention in a community medical wellness center. Research Methods and Procedures: Four hundred eighteen overweight and obese adults entered the program between 2001 and 2004. Forty‐seven percent completed the 6‐month program designed using standards and recommendations established by the NIH, the American Dietetic Association, and the American Academy of Sports Medicine. Data analysis was limited to 198 participants (142 women, 56 men) completing the program. Results: Individuals completing the 6‐month program averaged a weight loss of 7.3% in men and 4.7% in women. Fasting lipids and blood glucose improved in both genders regardless of age. Outcomes including BMI and lipids improved in women regardless of menopausal status or hormone replacement therapy. There was a significant correlation between percentage weight loss and number of weekly counseling sessions attended and number of visits to the wellness center for exercise. Discussion: Participants who complete a structured community‐based weight management program can achieve significant weight loss and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors regardless of age, gender, or menopausal status. Our analysis suggests that national treatment guidelines/recommendations for weight management can be effectively implemented in a community medical wellness center. The relatively high drop‐out rate associated with this program suggests the need to identify strategies and techniques to enhance adherence and completion of programs. 相似文献
3.
Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine whether the diet and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers entering the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) have changed between 1995 and 2003. Research Method and Procedures : Participants (N = 2708) were members of the NWCR who enrolled in intermittent years since 1995. Participants had lost an average of 33.1 kg and maintained a 13.6‐kg loss for 5.8 years before enrollment. Evaluations of diet and physical activity were conducted at entry into the NWCR and prospectively over 1 year. Results : From 1995 to 2003, the daily percentage of calories from fat increased from 23.8% to 29.4%, saturated fat intake increased from 12.3 to 154.0 g/d, and calories from carbohydrate decreased from 56.0% to 49.3% (p < 0.0001). The proportion consuming <90 grams of carbohydrate (considered a low‐carbohydrate diet) increased from 5.9% to 17.1% (p = 0.0001). Physical activity was elevated in 1995 (mean = 3316 kcal/wk) but comparable in all other years (mean = 2620 kcal/wk). Stepwise regression collapsing across cohorts indicated that weight regain over 1 year was related to higher levels of caloric intake, fast food consumption, and fat intake and lower levels of physical activity (p < 0.03). Discussion : The macronutrient composition of the diet of NWCR members has shifted over the past decade. Still, only a minority consumes a low‐carbohydrate diet. Despite changes in the diet over time, the variables associated with long‐term maintenance of weight loss were the same: continued consumption of a low‐calorie diet with moderate fat intake, limited fast food, and high levels of physical activity. 相似文献
4.
James M. Rippe Janet M. Price Stacey A. Hess Greg Kline Kimberly A. DeMers Susanne Damitz Imad Kreidieh Patty Freedson 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1998,6(3):208-218
Objective : To study the effects of a 12-week weight loss strategy involving increased physical activity, self-selected hypocaloric diet, and group support on psychological well-being, quality of life, and health practices in moderately obese women. Methods; Eighty women aged 20–49 years weighing between 20–50% above 1983 Metropolitan Life Insurance Tables were randomly assigned to a weight loss intervention (6279 kJ/week of physical activity, 33,258-41,462 kJ/week diet and weekly meetings) or served as controls. Subjects were tested pre and post 12-weeks. Results : The intervention group lost significant (p<0.001) body weight (kg) and body fat (%) compared to controls (-6.07 ± 4.01 kg vs. 1.31 ± 1.28 kg; 36.8%-32.5% vs. 36.2%-36.0%). Intervention subjects vs. controls achieved significant improvements (p<0.001) in body cathexis (X Change 18.6 ± 16.7 vs. 0.7 ± 8.6) and estimation of ability to achieve physical fitness (X Change 8.1 ± 7.1 vs. 0.9 ± 5.9). Various quality of life indices also improved (p<0.01) in the intervention group compared to controls (physical function: X Change 13.5.2 ± 16.7 vs. 1.4 ± 9.5; vitality: X change 21.7 ± 17.9 vs. 2.9 20.8; mental health: X change 10.4 ± 16.0 vs. 2.3 ± 10.1). Similarly, physical activity levels also improved significantly (p<0.0001) in the intervention group (4.4 ± 2.3 vs. 0.6 ± 1.3; on NASA 0–7 scale). Conclusions : Practical weight loss practices such as increased activity, self-selected hypocaloric diet, and group support are effective for weight loss and yield significant health and psychological benefits in moderately obese females. 相似文献
5.
Angelo Tremblay Eric Doucet Pascal Imbeault Pascale Maurige Jean-Pierre Desprs Denis Richard 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1999,7(6):556-563
TREMBLAY, ANGELO, ERIC DOUCET, PASCAL IMBEAULT, PASCALE MAURIÈGE, JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS, AND DENIS RICHARD. Metabolic fitness in active reduced-obese individuals. Obes Res. Objective: To verify whether a physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up could normalize the metabolic risk profile of reduced-obese men and women having undergone considerable weight loss through energy restriction and drug therapy. Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty obese individuals (12 men, 8 women) participated in a weight-reducing program that included two phases. In the first phase, a non-macronutrient-specific dietary restriction of about 700 kcal/day was prescribed to induce weight loss over 15 weeks, with either fenfluramine or placebo. The second phase consisted of a physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up that was maintained as long as subjects did not experience resistance to further body weight and fat loss. Resistance to lose fat occurred after a mean cumulative fat loss of 14 and 8 kg in men and women, respectively. Results: Despite this substantial decrease in body fat, subjects' adiposity remained much higher at the end of this protocol than values observed in lean control subjects. However, fasting plasma levels of insulin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglyceride as well as the response of insulin and glucose to oral glucose were normalized at the end of the physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up. Discussion: These results indicate that further weight and fat losses may not be justified when a moderate body weight loss resulting in a highly favorable improvement of metabolic risk profile is achieved in patients who would have still been diagnosed as overweight or obese on the basis of criteria currently promoted by public health agencies. 相似文献
6.
Hanne Bendixen Jesper Madsen Dorthe Bay‐Hansen Ulrik Boesen Lars F. Ovesen Else Marie Bartels Arne Astrup 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(9):911-922
Objective: To elucidate how frequent weight‐loss attempts are made, the methods used to achieve weight loss, and the extent to which the outcome is positive. Research Methods and Procedures: Two independent interviews were conducted in 1992 and in 1998, each with 1200 randomly selected adult subjects. Each survey was designed to ensure an equal distribution of age, gender, and geographical regions in Denmark. Results: The proportion of subjects having attempted weight loss did not change from 1992 to 1998, although the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 1992 (overweight, 30%; obesity, 6%) to 1998 (overweight, 35%; obesity, 8%). Almost twice as many women (61%) than men (32%) had attempted weight loss (p < 0.0001). Slimming occurred more often in subjects <50 years (51%) than >50 years (39%) (p < 0.0001), although overweight and obesity were more frequent in the elderly. Over‐the‐counter diet pills or meal replacements were associated with a negative outcome of slimming treatment (p < 0.0001). Discussion: Approximately half of all adult Danes have attempted weight loss, particularly women and individuals <50 years. This finding is inconsistent with the fact that overweight and obesity are more prevalent in men and in individuals >50 years. Changes in habitual diet and increased physical activity are the most prevalent modes of slimming, whereas the use of over‐the‐counter diet pills or meal replacements has decreased from 1992 to 1998. This development may have a positive impact on future body‐ weight‐management strategies. 相似文献
7.
Objective: To evaluate the long‐term weight loss maintenance after 2 to 4 years in severely obese subjects after a lifestyle intervention at a weight loss camp in Denmark. Research Methods and Procedures: In a retrospective follow‐up study, we assessed weight loss after 21 weeks of treatment at a weight loss camp, weight loss maintenance after 2 to 4 years, and numbers of subjects with a weight loss maintenance of ≥10% of a total number of 435 severely obese adults participating in an intensive lifestyle intervention with a primary focus on physical activity. Results: We obtained follow‐up data of 249 subjects (180 women and 69 men) with an initial body weight of 142 ± 32 kg. After 21 weeks at the camp, the subjects had reduced their body weight with a mean of 21.9 ± 13 kg (corresponding to a 15% weight loss). The average weight loss maintenance was 5.3% at a follow‐up after 2 to 4 years, and 28.3% had maintained a weight loss above 10% after 4 years of follow‐up. Discussion: Weight loss camps are a relatively new commercial approach in treating severely obese subjects. However, the results demonstrate that even with a multidisciplinary intensive setting with focus on diet, exercise, and psychological counseling, only 28% had maintained a weight loss above 10% after 4 years. This emphasizes that obesity is a chronic condition that needs additional strategies after a weight loss intervention in the efforts to maintain a sufficient weight loss. 相似文献
8.
Maureen T. McGuire Rena R. Wing Mary L. Klem James O. Hillf 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1999,7(4):334-341
MCGUIRE, MAUREEN T., RENA R. WING, MARY L. KLEM, AND JAMES O. HILL. Behavioral strategies of individuals who have maintained long-term weight losses. Obes Res. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the behaviors of individuals who have achieved long-term weight loss maintenance with those of regainers and weight-stable controls. Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects for the present study were participants in a random-digit dial telephone survey that used a representative sample of the U. S. adult population. Eating, exercise, self-weighing, and dietary restraint characteristics were compared among weight-loss maintainers: individuals who had intentionally lost ≥10% of their weight and maintained it for ≥1 year (n = 69), weight-loss regainers: individuals who intentionally lost ≥10% of their weight but had not maintained it (n = 56), and weight-stable controls: individuals who had never lost ≥10% of their maximum weight and had maintained their current weight (±10 pounds) within the past 5 years (n= 113). Results: Weight-loss maintainers had lost an average of 37 pounds and maintained it for over 7 years. These individuals reported that they currently used more behavioral strategies to control dietary fat intake, have higher levels of physical activity (especially strenuous activity), and greater frequency of self-weighing than either the weight-loss regainers or weight-stable controls. Maintainers and regainers did not differ in reported levels of dietary restraint, but both had higher levels of restraint than the weight-stable controls. Discussion: These results suggest that weight-loss maintainers use more behavioral strategies to control their weight than either regainers or weight-stable controls. It would thus appear that long-term weight maintenance requires ongoing adherence to a low-fat diet and an exercise regimen in addition to continued attention to body weight. 相似文献
9.
Objective: To examine behavioral characteristics associated with being lean and weight stable during adulthood. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants included 165 white married couples who were part of a larger longitudinal study. Participants’ height and weight were measured on three occasions at 2‐year intervals. Men and women were classified as being lean and weight stable (the target group) if they had a BMI < 25 at baseline and maintained their weight within 5% of baseline at 2nd and 4th year follow‐up. Individuals not fulfilling these criteria were included in the comparison group. Group differences in background characteristics including childhood weight status, BMI at each occasion, dieting history, and mental and physical health history were examined. In addition, multiple measures of dietary intake and physical activity were obtained and used to predict the likelihood of being in the target group. Results: Men (N = 22) and women (N = 36) in the target group had lower mean BMI scores at each occasion, were less overweight during childhood, were less likely to have dieted in the past year, and rated themselves as being more healthy than men and women in the comparison group. No differences were identified in mental health. Relative to the comparison group, women in the target group reported higher levels of physical activity and higher levels of physical activity among their spouses, and men in the target group reported healthier dietary patterns. Discussion: Results from this study suggest that being lean and weight stable in adulthood is linked to childhood weight status in combination with dietary and activity patterns during adulthood. 相似文献
10.
Arne Astrup Ian Caterson Pierre Zelissen Bernard Guy‐Grand Michele Carruba Brian Levy Xiang Sun Martin Fitchet 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2004,12(10):1658-1669
Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of topiramate (TPM) for maintaining weight following a low‐calorie diet. Research Methods and Procedures: Obese subjects (30 ≤ BMI < 50 kg/m2) 18 to 75 years old received a low‐calorie diet for 8 weeks. Those who lost ≥8% of their initial weight received TPM (96 or 192 mg/d) or placebo; all were on a lifestyle modification plan. Sixty weeks of medication were planned. Sponsor ended study early to develop a new controlled‐release formulation with the potential to enhance tolerability and simplify dosing in this patient population. Efficacy was analyzed in subjects who completed 44 weeks of treatment before study termination. Results: Of the 701 subjects enrolled, 80% lost ≥8% of their initial body weight and were randomized; 293 were analyzed for efficacy. Most withdrawals were due to premature termination of the study. Subjects receiving TPM lost 15.4% (96 mg/d) and 16.5% (192 mg/d) of their enrollment weight by week 44, compared with 8.9% in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Subjects on TPM continued to lose weight after the run‐in, whereas those on placebo regained weight. Significantly more TPM subjects lost 5%, 10%, or 15% of their randomization weight than placebo. Most adverse events were related to the central nervous system. Discussion: During a treatment period of 44 weeks, TPM was generally well tolerated, and subjects maintained weight loss initially achieved by a low‐calorie diet—and produced additional clinically significant weight loss beyond that achieved by a low‐calorie diet. 相似文献
11.
Hollie A. Raynor Robert W. Jeffery Suzanne Phelan James O. Hill Rena R. Wing 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2005,13(5):883-890
Objective: Decreases in variety of foods consumed within high‐fat‐dense food groups and increases in variety of foods consumed within low‐fat‐dense food groups are associated with lower energy intake and greater weight loss during obesity treatment and may assist with weight loss maintenance. This study examined food group variety in 2237 weight loss maintainers in the National Weight Control Registry, who had lost 32.2 ± 18.0 kg (70.9 ± 39.5 lbs) and maintained a weight loss of at least 13.6 kg (30 lbs) for 6.1 ± 7.7 years. Research Methods and Procedures: At entry into the registry, registry members completed a food frequency questionnaire from which amount of variety consumed from different food groups was assessed. To provide a context for interpreting the level of variety occurring in the diet of registry participants, food group variety was compared between registry participants and 96 individuals who had recently participated in a behavioral weight loss program and had lost at least 7% of initial body weight. Results: Registry members reported consuming a diet with very low variety in all food groups, especially in those food groups higher in fat density. Registry participants consumed significantly (p < 0.001) less variety within all food groups, except fruit and combination foods, than recent weight losers after 6 months of weight loss treatment. Discussion: These results suggest that successful weight loss maintainers consume a diet with limited variety in all food groups. Restricting variety within all food groups may help with consuming a low‐energy diet and maintaining long‐term weight loss. 相似文献
12.
Objective: The objective was to assess the effect of a low‐fat, vegan diet compared with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) diet on weight loss maintenance at 1 and 2 years. Research Methods and Procedures: Sixty‐four overweight, postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to a vegan or NCEP diet for 14 weeks, and 62 women began the study. The study was done in two replications. Participants in the first replication (N = 28) received no follow‐up support after the 14 weeks, and those in the second replication (N = 34) were offered group support meetings for 1 year. Weight and diet adherence were measured at 1 and 2 years for all participants. Weight loss is reported as median (interquartile range) and is the difference from baseline weight at years 1 and 2. Results: Individuals in the vegan group lost more weight than those in the NCEP group at 1 year [?4.9 (?0.5, ?8.0) kg vs. ?1.8 (0.8, ?4.3); p < 0.05] and at 2 years [?3.1 (0.0, ?6.0) kg vs. ?0.8 (3.1, ?4.2) kg; p < 0.05]. Those participants offered group support lost more weight at 1 year (p < 0.01) and 2 years (p < 0.05) than those without support. Attendance at meetings was associated with improved weight loss at 1 year (p < 0.001) and 2 years (p < 0.01). Discussion: A vegan diet was associated with significantly greater weight loss than the NCEP diet at 1 and 2 years. Both group support and meeting attendance were associated with significant weight loss at follow‐up. 相似文献
13.
McTiernan A Sorensen B Irwin ML Morgan A Yasui Y Rudolph RE Surawicz C Lampe JW Lampe PD Ayub K Potter JD 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(6):1496-1512
Objectives: The effect of national exercise recommendations on adiposity is unknown and may differ by sex. We examined long‐term effects of aerobic exercise on adiposity in women and men. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a 12‐month randomized, controlled clinical trial testing exercise effect on weight and body composition in men (N = 102) and women (N = 100). Sedentary/unfit persons, 40 to 75 years old, were recruited through physician practices and media. The intervention was facility‐ and home‐based moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity aerobic activity, 60 min/d, 6 days/wk vs. controls (no intervention). Results: Exercisers exercised a mean 370 min/wk (men) and 295 min/wk (women), and seven dropped the intervention. Exercisers lost weight (women, ?1.4 vs. +0.7 kg in controls, p = 0.008; men, ?1.8 vs. ?0.1 kg in controls, p = 0.03), BMI (women, ?0.6 vs. +0.3 kg/m2 in controls, p = 0.006; men, ?0.5 kg/m2 vs. no change in controls, p = 0.03), waist circumference (women, ?1.4 vs. +2.2 cm in controls, p < 0.001; men, ?3.3 vs. ?0.4 cm in controls, p = 0.003), and total fat mass (women, ?1.9 vs. +0.2 kg in controls, p = 0.001; men, ?3.0 vs. +0.2 kg in controls, p < 0.001). Exercisers with greater increases in pedometer‐measured steps per day had greater decreases in weight, BMI, body fat, and intra‐abdominal fat (all p trend < 0.05 in both men and women). Similar trends were observed for increased minutes per day of exercise and for increases in maximal oxygen consumption. Discussion: These data support the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Institute of Medicine guidelines of 60 min/d of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. 相似文献
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15.
Maureen T. McGuire Rena R. Wing Mary L. Klem James O. Hill 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1999,7(5):485-490
MCGUIRE, MAUREEN T., RENA R. WING, MARY L. KLEM, AND JAMES O. HILL. The behavioral characteristics of individuals who lose weight unintentionally. Obes Res. Objective: To determine whether individuals who unintentionally lost weight differ from individuals who intentionally lost weight in behavioral characteristics related to chronic disease risk factors. Design: A random-digit dial telephone survey was conducted among a representative sample of American adults (n = 500). Subjects: Of the 500 individuals sampled, 139 were currently ≥10% below their lifetime maximum weight. These individuals were asked whether their weight loss was unintentional or intentional. Unintentional (n = 49) and intentional (n = 89) weight losers were compared on measures of dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, drinking, and self-reported health status. Results: Unintentional weight losers had higher levels of smoking and drinking, were less physically active, and were less concerned about their diet and fat intake. Unintentional weight losers did not report having higher levels of disease such as high blood pressure or diabetes. However, unintentional weight losers who reported having such diseases were more likely to report that their weight loss had no effect or had worsened their disorder. Discussion: Compared to intentional weight losers, those who lost their weight unintentionally reported engaging in more negative health behaviors that are related to disease morbidity and mortality. These data suggest that unintentional weight loss may be part of a cluster of behaviors that have a negative health impact. 相似文献
16.
The present study prospectively examined changes in dietary intake, physical activity and weight associated with self-reported efforts to lose weight in a cohort of 3671 men and women sampled from the general population. Dieting efforts, dietary intake, physical activity and weight were measured at two points in time, 24 months apart. At baseline, current dieters reported consuming fewer dairy products, sweets, meat, soft drinks and fried potatoes (all p's < .0001), and engaging more frequently in high-intensity physical activity (p < .0001) than those not currently dieting. At follow-up, current dieters reported consuming fewer sweets (p < .0001) and fried potatoes (p < .0008), and engaging more frequently in moderate-intensity physical activity (p < .02) than those not currently dieting. Prospectively, those who initiated weight-loss diets showed the largest decrease in consumption of sweets (p < .0001), soft drinks (p < .0001), and fried potatoes (p < .01), and increase in frequency of high-intensity physical activity (p < .0001) and moderate-intensity physical activity (p < .007). Those initiating weight-loss diets were the only group to lose weight (1 lb.). Those dieting at baseline but not at follow-up gained the most weight (4 lbs.). Self-reports of current dieting correspond to reported changes in dietary intake and physical activity, and to measured changes in weight over the same time period. Individuals who report dieting to lose weight have healthier eating and exercise patterns than those who do not report dieting. 相似文献
17.
Objective: Little is known about behaviors associated with successful weight loss during adolescence. The first objective of the current study was to identify meaningful weight loss, weight maintenance, and weight gain in male and female adolescents. The second objective of this study was to apply these methods to U.S. adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1999 to 2002 data and to identify factors associated with these weight change outcomes. Research Methods and Procedures: The current analyses include 1726 (female, 836; male, 890) 16‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescents who completed the questionnaire components and interview for either the 1999–2000 or the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Survey study. Dietary intake, physical activity, and dieting attitudes were compared across the weight loss (L), maintain (M), and gain (G) groups in the entire sample and in a subset of adolescents who are overweight and at‐risk‐for‐overweight (≥85th percentile). Results: The tested method for identifying weight L, M, and G groups has both theoretical and statistical validity and, when applied to the sample, showed the expected direction of changes in weight. Results suggest that more overall physical activity, more vigorous exercise, and less sedentary activity are associated with being in the L group in both the full sample and the overweight and at‐risk‐for‐overweight sample. In addition, fewer teens in the L groups endorsed efforts at trying to lose weight, compared with the M and G groups. Discussion: This study provides a method to determine successful adolescent weight loss for researchers and provides useful concrete information about successful weight loss for clinicians and others who work with adolescents. 相似文献
18.
Mary L. Klem Rena R. Wing Wei Lang Maureen T. McGuire James O. Hill 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2000,8(6):438-444
Objective: Studies of health‐related behaviors, including weight loss, have shown that risk of relapse decreases over time, although reasons for this relationship are unclear. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine if subjects who have maintained weight losses for varying periods of time report different strategies for weight loss maintenance or differences in the effort and pleasure associated with weight maintenance behaviors. Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 758 women and 173 men who had maintained losses of at least 30 lb (mean = 60 lb) for 2 years or longer (mean = 6.8 ± 7.0 years). Self‐administered questionnaires assessed subjects’ use of weight maintenance strategies in the past year and their perceptions of the effort, attention, and pleasure associated with weight maintenance. Results: Subjects who had maintained weight losses longer used fewer weight maintenance strategies and reported that less effort was required to diet and maintain weight and that less attention was required to maintain weight. The pleasure derived from exercise, low‐fat eating, and maintaining weight was unrelated to duration of weight loss maintenance. Discussion: As duration increases, a shift in the balance between the effort and pleasure of weight maintenance may occur. This shift may increase the likelihood of continued maintenance. 相似文献
19.
《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2004,12(9):1426-1434
Objective: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of diabetes by 58%. This paper examines demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors related to achieving weight loss and physical activity goals in the DPP lifestyle participants. Research Methods and Procedures: Lifestyle participants (n = 1079; mean age = 50.6, BMI = 33.9, 68% female, and 46% from minority groups) had goals of 7% weight loss and 150 min/wk of physical activity. Goal achievement was assessed at the end of the 16‐session core curriculum (approximately week 24) and the final intervention visit (mean = 3.2 years) as a function of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables. Results: Forty‐nine percent met the weight loss goal and 74% met the activity goal initially, while 37% and 67%, respectively, met these goals long‐term. Men and those with lower initial BMI were more likely to meet activity but not weight loss goals. Hispanic, Asian, and Native Americans were more likely to meet the long‐term activity goals, and whites were more likely to meet the initial weight loss goal. In multivariate analyses, meeting the long‐term weight loss goal and both activity goals increased with age, while psychosocial and depression measures were unrelated to goal achievement. Dietary self‐monitoring was positively related to meeting both weight loss and activity goals, and meeting the activity goal was positively related to meeting the weight loss goal. Participants who met initial goals were 1.5 to 3.0 times more likely to meet these goals long‐term. Discussion: Success at meeting the weight loss and activity goals increased with age. Initial success predicted long‐term success. Self‐monitoring and meeting activity goals were related to achieving and sustaining weight loss. 相似文献
20.
Catherine A. Okoro Jennifer M. Hootman Tara W. Strine Lina S. Balluz Ali H. Mokdad 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2004,12(5):854-861
Objectives : To examine the association between body weight and disability among persons with and without self‐reported arthritis. Research Methods and Procedures : Data were analyzed for noninstitutionalized adults, 45 years or older, in states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Self‐reported BMI (kilograms per meter squared) was used to categorize participants into six BMI‐defined groups: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5 to <25), overweight (25 to <30), obese, class 1 (30 to <35), obese, class 2 (35 to <40), and obese, class 3 (≥40). Results : Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40) was significantly associated with disability among participants both with and without self‐reported arthritis. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for disability in participants with class 3 obesity was 2.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.22 to 3.40] among those with self‐reported arthritis and 1.77 (95% CI = 1.20 to 2.62) among those without self‐reported arthritis compared with those of normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25). Persons with self‐reported arthritis who were obese, class 2 (BMI 35 to <40) and obese, class 1 (BMI 30 to <35) and women with self‐reported arthritis who were overweight (BMI 25 to <30) also had higher odds of disability compared with those of normal weight [AOR = 1.72 (95% CI = 1.47 to 2.00), AOR = 1.30 (95% CI = 1.17 to 1.44), and AOR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.32), respectively]. Discussion : Our findings reveal that obesity is associated with disability. Preventing and controlling obesity may improve the quality of life for persons with and without self‐reported arthritis. 相似文献