The chronoinotropic effects of new regulatory input to the heart of land pulmonates

The postjunctional potentials and chronoinotropic reactions of the heart evoked by activation of multimodal neurons and/or left pallial nerve were investigated in three species of land pulmonates: Achatina fulica Ferrussac, Helix lucorum L., Arianta arbustorum L. Both spikes of giant homologous neurons (d-VLN, d-RPLN by A. fulica, command neurons of pneumostoma LPa3, RPa3 by H. lucorum) and stimulation of the peripheral end of the left pallial nerve evoked the similar biphasic inhibitory-excitatory junction potentials in the heart, in mantle muscles and in different parts of visceral complex. The positive chronoinotropic effects of this input in the hearts of whole-mount preparations were modified due to interaction with well-known neural cardioregulating network of the system of intestinal nerve.     

Changes in the composition of ionogenic groups of the wall of the lily pollen grain during germination

Changes in the composition of ionogenic groups of the polymeric matrix of the cell walls of lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) pollen grains were studied during its activation at the early stages of pollen germination. In the cell walls isolated from nonactivated and activated pollen grains, four types of ionogenic groups were identified: amino groups, carboxylic groups of uronic acids, phenolic OH-groups. and groups with pK_a 7–8. During the early stages of germination, ionization constants of each type groups remained unchanged, but the quantitative composition of ionogenic groups in the intine changed. In this matrix, a decrease in the content of phenolic groups and demethylated carboxylic groups of uronic acids was detected. It is supposed that, at early stages of germination, the intine loses some part of acid pectins and some phenolic compounds.     

兔坐骨神经火器伤模型的建立与选择

目的　建立并评价兔坐骨神经火器伤模型。方法　实验用大耳白兔 2 6只根据致伤钢珠质量和装药量随机分为 5组 ,其中A、B、C组用 0 3 8g钢珠 ,装药量分别为 0 3 5g、0 65g和 1 2 0g ;D、E组用 1 0 3g钢珠 ,装药量分别为 0 3 5g和 0 65g。致伤靶点为兔右后肢外侧坐骨神经体表投影线中点。观察指标有致伤钢珠入出口速度、传递能量、伤道入出口大小、骨折与血管伤发生情况、坐骨神经干损伤长度、坐骨神经病理变化。结果　A组 ( 62 1 6m s)和D组 ( 5 94 6m s)的致伤速度偏低 ,C组的 ( 12 99 8m s)偏高 ,B组 ( 93 9 8m s)和E组 ( 816 1m s)的较接近。A组 ( 18 7J)和D组 ( 4 4 2J)的传递能量较小 ,未合并骨折和血管伤 ,伤情较轻。C组 ( 183 2J)和E组 ( 165 2J)的传递能量较大 ,合并骨折和血管伤机率高 ,伤情较重。B组的传递能量适中 ( 80 0J) ,合并骨折和血管伤机率小。B、C、E组均可见典型坐骨神经火器伤病理改变 ,A、D组坐骨神经损伤程度较B、C、E组的轻。结论　在B组致伤条件下 ,既易造成典型的兔坐骨神经火器伤 ,也适于周围神经火器伤需长期观察的实验要求。     

Effects of the ELF-MFs on the development of spleens of preincubated chicken embryos

Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on the histopathology, histomorphometry, ultrastructural changes (transmission electron microscope, TEM), apoptosis and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the spleens of preincubated white leghorn chicken embryo were investigated. Ninety fertilized eggs were divided into six groups as control (n = 15), sham (n = 15) and four experimental groups (1–4, n = 15). Eggs of experimental groups were exposed to 1.33, 2.66, 5.52 and 7.32 mTs flux intensities established in our previous published experiments and the last intensity was used for studying apoptosis and ultrastructures (TEM) of the spleens of 19-day-old chicken embryos. Eggs of control groups remained intact. Sham groups were placed inside the coil for 24 h before incubation with no exposures, then they were incubated in the same incubator (37°C, 60% humidity) for 19 days. Spleens of chicken embryos were removed, fixed in formalin (10%), and stained with H&E for histopathological and histomorphometrical surveys; TUNEL assay indicated possible change in apoptosis and TEM and biochemical studies were also carried out. Significant decreases in the sizes of the spleens of embryos of experimental groups, hyperemia, damages in spleen parenchyma, decreases in the numbers of splenic nodules, increases in the number of polymorphonuclear cells and sinusoidal spaces of spleens, significant increase in the level of ALP activities, significant increases in the numbers of apoptotic cells, deformed nuclei and swollen mitochondria were observed in experimental groups comparing with those in control and sham groups. ELF-MF created changes which could impair the immune functions.     

MPS对白细胞减少小鼠白细胞数的影响

对分枝杆菌多糖（Ｍｙｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅｓ,ＭＰＳ）的升高白细胞作用,用环磷酰胺（Ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｍｉｄｅ,ＣＰ）所致的白细胞减少小鼠动物模型进行了试验研究。受试药组分四个ＭＰＳ剂量组（ＣＰ＋不同剂量的ＭＰＳ）,并设阴性对照组（ＣＰ＋生理盐水）,阳性药对照组（ＣＰ＋惠尔血）和正常组（未用药）,隔日取血计数白细胞数。与阴性对照组比较,ＭＰＳ４０μｇ、２０μｇ和１０μｇ剂量组白细胞数下降少（第４天,Ｐ＜０．０５）;ＭＰＳ２０μｇ和１０μｇ剂量组回升迅速（第６天,Ｐ＜０．０５）。受试药组与阳性药对照组比较,无显著性差异。本试验结果表明ＭＰＳ与惠尔血在促进白细胞生成方面有相似的作用     

An anatomic atlas of the medulla oblongata of the adult goat.

An anatomic atlas of the goat brain stem was developed for use in studies that analyze medullary neuronal groups, and factors that influence variability in the location of neuronal groups were determined. The medullas of 31 adult goats (weight, 17-88 kg) were fixed, harvested, frozen, serially sectioned, stained with 0.5% neutral red, and examined with a light microscope. Obex, the point at which the central canal opens into the fourth ventricle, was taken as the zero reference point from which the rostrocaudal and mediolateral coordinates of medullary neuronal groups were determined, whereas dorsoventral coordinates were calculated from the medullary surface. Histological variations with goat body weight were quantified, and linear regression analysis provided adjustment factors for weight in all three dimensions. Similar analysis of percentage of shrinkage on fixation and processing provided adjustment factors for precise coordinates of medullary neuronal groups. For accurate location of neuronal groups, body weight and histological procedure should be taken into account. The present study provided adjustment factors for body weight and standard histological processing to locate most major medullary neuronal groups in the adult goat.     

Investigation of Lead Mobilization from the Buckshot Residues to the Critical Organs

Lead exposure causes neurotoxicity, reproductive system dysfunction, renal failure, and blood and endocrine system disorders in human and experimental animals. In this study, we investigated lead mobilization from gunshot fragments to the critical organs (brain, heart, liver, and kidney) and its interaction with essential trace elements on experimental rat model. Thirty-five rats were randomly divided in five groups. The first group was a control and the others were subjected to buckshot implantation in their skeletal muscles (second and third groups) and abdomen (fourth and fifth groups). The control group and the second and fourth groups were sacrificed 1 month after the onset of experiment while the third and fifth groups were followed after 2 months. Blood lead levels were significantly elevated in both 2 month-followed groups and 1 month-followed intraabdominal group. There were significant increases in brain lead levels of both 2 month-followed groups. For the 1 month-followed groups, kidney lead levels were also significantly higher than those of controls. Results show that lead mobilizes from the buckshot residues in distance tissues to the critical organs and interacts with iron, copper, and zinc even though blood lead level sometimes remains unchanged. Our findings are crucial in revealing lead accumulation in critical organs of subjects carrying any gunshot fragments. These subjects and physicians should be in alert for emergence of lead-induced manifestations.     

ELV对青春期大鼠睾丸中VEGF与VEGFR2蛋白表达的影响

目的研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体2(VEGFR2)在实验性左侧精索静脉曲张大鼠睾丸中的表达和定位,探讨精索静脉曲张中VEGF和VEGFR2的可能作用。方法通过部分结扎左肾静脉建立大鼠实验性左侧精索静脉曲张模型,于术后2周和4周取材,采用免疫组化法检测VEGF、VEGFR2在睾丸上的表达变化。结果 ELV2周与4周组大鼠两侧睾丸中VEGF蛋白表达均上调,但ELV组间VEGF蛋白表达没有明显变化;ELV2周组大鼠睾丸中VEGFR2蛋白的表达与对照组比较增强,而4周组比对照组和2周组均显著增强。结论实验性左侧精索静脉曲张对VEGF、VEGFR2蛋白的表达有影响,说明它们与男性不育可能有一定的关系。     

The reactivity of the thiol groups of the adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum and their location on tryptic fragments of the molecule.

The ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) from sarcoplasmic reticulum contains 20 thiol groups/115000 daltons, measured by using either N-ethyl[(14)C]maleimide or 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) in sodium dodecyl sulphate. After reduction there were 26 thiol groups, in good agreement with 26.5 residues of cysteic acid found by amino acid analysis. The difference between this and the 20 residues measured before reduction implies the presence of three disulphide residues. The same number of disulphide residues was found by direct measurement. Three to six fewer thiol groups were found in preparations made in the absence of dithiothreitol. The missing residues were accounted for as cysteic acid. The distribution of disulphide bonds and of exposed and buried thiol groups among the tryptic fragments of the molecule was measured after labelling with N-ethyl[(14)C]-maleimide. The disulphides were confined to fragment B (mol.wt. 55000), whereas several thiol groups were present on each of the fragments (A, B, A(1) and A(2)). The kinetics of the reaction of the ATPase with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) showed that four or five of the thiol groups were unreactive in the absence of detergent and that 13 of the remainder reacted with a single first-order rate constant. In the presence of ATP and Ca(2+) the reaction rate of all but two groups of this class was uniformly decreased. In the presence or absence of ATP and Ca(2+) the rate constant for inactivation was close to the rate constant for this class, but was not identical with it. No selective protection of a specific active-site-thiol group was observed. Parallel experiments with sarcoplasmic reticulum gave similar results, except that the reaction rates were a little lower and there were two more buried groups. Solution of ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum in detergent greatly increased the reactivity of all thiol groups. The effects of low concentrations of deoxycholate were reversible. EGTA or low concentrations (0.02mm) of Ca(2+) of Mg(2+) had very little effect on the reactivity.     

Architecture of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the prostate of the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, after regrowth from short day-induced regression

The structures of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the prostate of 4 groups of Syrian hamsters were studied by a stereological approach. Groups studied were young hamsters (kept in long-day photoperiods for 4 weeks) in their first breeding season, older hamsters (kept in short-day photoperiods for 24 weeks so that their prostates had regressed and regrown) in their second breeding season, and two groups of older hamsters in an extended first breeding season (either because they were kept in long days for 24 weeks or because they were pinealectomized before being put into short-day photoperiods for 24 weeks). There were very few differences between groups, but generally dorsal prostates of older hamsters in their second breeding season closely resembled those of young hamsters in their first breeding season. More differences were noted between either of these two groups and older hamsters in an extended first breeding season than between these two groups. The differences noted generally involved increases in the amount of smooth muscle in the walls of secretory tubules in the dorsal prostates of hamsters in an extended first breeding season. This may be associated with the fact that these glands had not regressed and regrown. Ventral prostates were very similar in all 4 groups, which may reflect the fact that they normally regress very little in short days.     

双氯芬酸钠栓和索利那新片治疗TURP术后OAB的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨双氯芬酸钠栓和索利那新治疗TURP术后OAB的临床疗效及预防性用药的必要性。方法:采取随机区组单盲的临床试验设计,将入选患者随机分为预防用药组和观察用药组。预防性用药组分别别使用双氯芬酸钠栓、索利那新片单药处理及两种药物联合处理,观察用药组在出现症状后按照预防性用药组的相同方法给药。结果:观察用药组中,双氯芬酸钠栓治疗的完全缓解率为50%,索利那新为81.8%,联合用药为90.5%,显著高于双氯芬酸钠栓(P0.05),各组不良反应的发生情况比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。预防用药组中,索利那新、双氯芬酸钠栓及联合用药分别可使TURP术后OAB的发生率降低45.0%、50.9%、53.8%.,三组之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),且三组不良反应的发生情况比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:双氯芬酸钠栓和索利那新治疗TURP术后OAB均安全有效,联合用药效果更佳,且预防性用药可以显著降低TURP术后OAB症状的发生率。     

The Effects of the Porosity of a Support and of Attachment on the Mode of Action of Immobilized Endopolygalacturonase

Endopolygalacturonase of Aspergillus sp. was immobilized by three different methods; viz. (a) via amino groups, (b) via carboxyl groups and (c) by means of epoxy groups to a nonporous microparticular silicon dioxide (Cabosil), functionalized by 3-(amino)-propyl groups and 3-(2′,3′-epoxypropoxy)-propyl groups, respectively. The conjugates were compared in their mode of action with corresponding immobilized preparations based on microporous ceramics. The binding via amino groups and via carboxyl groups lead, by itself, to changes in the mode of action of the enzyme, consisting of a decrease in randomness of glycosidic linkage splitting. The changes were greater in microporous support conjugates due to additional size-exclusion effects. The action pattern of endopolygalacturonase bound by means of epoxy groups was modulated exclusively by the porosity of the support, whereas the binding alone did not play any role.     

葵粕多肽抗皮肤光老化作用的研究

本文以昆明小鼠为研究对象,研究了用葵粕分离蛋白加工的多肽,即葵粕多肽(SMP)对紫外线诱导的小鼠光老化皮肤的保护作用。试验动物分为五组,基础对照组不进行紫外线照射,模型组紫外线照射并涂抹蒸馏水,阳性对照组照射并涂抹Vc,大小剂量组照射并涂抹多肽样品,样品浓度分别为15%和30%。通过对小鼠皮肤组织形态的观察和皮肤生化指标分析,发现模型组小鼠皮肤表面有明显红斑,皮肤粗糙,有粗深的皱纹,葵粕多肽大剂量组小鼠皮肤皱纹已不明显,接近正常组小鼠皮肤;多肽大剂量组可降低皮肤组织中丙二醛的含量和增加羟脯氨酸的含量,差异极显著(P0.01)。研究表明:葵粕多肽有抗氧化和抗皮肤光老化的作用。     

The Effects of the Porosity of a Support and of Attachment on the Mode of Action of Immobilized Endopolygalacturonase

Endopolygalacturonase of Aspergillus sp. was immobilized by three different methods; viz. (a) via amino groups, (b) via carboxyl groups and (c) by means of epoxy groups to a nonporous microparticular silicon dioxide (Cabosil), functionalized by 3-(amino)-propyl groups and 3-(2',3'-epoxypropoxy)-propyl groups, respectively. The conjugates were compared in their mode of action with corresponding immobilized preparations based on microporous ceramics. The binding via amino groups and via carboxyl groups lead, by itself, to changes in the mode of action of the enzyme, consisting of a decrease in randomness of glycosidic linkage splitting. The changes were greater in microporous support conjugates due to additional size-exclusion effects. The action pattern of endopolygalacturonase bound by means of epoxy groups was modulated exclusively by the porosity of the support, whereas the binding alone did not play any role.     

Influence of the Dietary Protein Deficiency on the Activities of Ribosomes and Polysome Patterns in Muscle and Liver of Rats

A group of rats weighing about 120 g were killed at the beginning of the experiment and after 10 days on the 20% casein diet (C-0 and C-10 groups), and another group of rats were killed after 1, 2 and 10 days on the protein-free diet (PF-1, PF-2 and PF-10 groups). From muscle and the liver of each group ribosomes were prepared, and the protein synthesis activity and the polysome patterns were investigated. The activity of polysome fractionated into each size was also measured.

Muscle ribosome activity in PF-1, PF-2 and PF-10 groups decreased to about 60%, 40% and 40% of that in C groups, respectively, and this decrease was due to a fall in activity of polysome itself rather than disaggregation of polysome. Liver ribosome activity in PF-1, PF-2 and PF-10 groups were reduced to about 95%, 90% and 65% of that in C groups, respectively. These alterations in PF-1 and PF-2 groups seemed to be in part related to changes in polysome pattern, whereas ribosome activity in PF-10 group was reduced without changes in polysome pattern.     

Features of the personality component of the psycho-physiological potential of different social and professional groups

This study was conducted to develop the concept of population psychophysiological potential of society by revealing the personality traits most universal for the different social and professional groups. Fourteen groups were interviewed with the Kettle’s 16-factor questionnaire, and the results obtained were summarized. Personality qualities such as activity, aptitude for cooperation, aspiration for advances, audacity, independence, and flexibility were found to be the most important for the population potential of society as a whole. Moreover, different social and professional groups were shown to have typical sets of personality properties that dominated in a given population as the components of rather specific psycho-physiological potentials of the groups.     

缬沙坦联合吲达帕胺治疗高血压的效果观察

目的:探讨缬沙坦和吲达帕胺治疗高血压的临床效果,为临床治疗提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2012年4月-2014年1月在我院接受治疗的87例高血压患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同将所选患者分为缬沙坦组、吲达帕胺组和联合用药组,每组27例。缬沙坦组患者采用口服缬沙坦单药治疗,吲达帕胺组患者采用口服吲达帕胺单药治疗,联合用药组采用缬沙坦+吲达帕胺缓释片治疗。观察三组患者治疗前后的血压变化、治疗总有效率及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,三组患者的血压均不同程度降低(P0.05);联合用药组患者血压下降幅度明显高于缬沙坦单药治疗组和吲达帕胺单药治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合用药组患者治疗的总有效率明显高于缬沙坦单药治疗组和吲达帕胺单药治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者不良反应的发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:缬沙坦胶囊与吲哒帕胺缓释片联合应用治疗高血压具有显著的临床意义,能够有效的控制患者的血压,值得推广采用。     

A note on the failure of vitamin A to influence the epidermis of the brown trout, Salmo trutta L.

Three groups of hatchery–reared brown trout were fed for 32 weeks with synthetic diets containing 0, 18 and 100 i.u. vitamin A palmitate g⁻¹. Vitamin A levels in the liver of the fish at the end of the experiment were 3,50 and 300 i.u. g⁻¹ respectively. The growth rate was not significantly different between any of the three groups of fish. At all times during the investigation epidermal thickness andgoblet cell concentration were similar in the three groups but there were significant changes in goblet cell concentration within each group during the experimental period. Sexually mature males in all three groups offish contained significantly fewer epidermal goblet cells than immature fish of either sex.     

UU1、UU3和UU4致昆明小鼠下生殖道致病性的研究

目的：研究解脲脲原体（Ureaplasma Urealyticum,UU）的第1血清型（UU1）、第3血清型（UU3）和第4血清型（UU4）对昆明小鼠下生殖道的致病性。方法：将100只昆明小鼠随机分为5组：空白组、雌二醇组、UU1组、UU3组和UU4组,每组20只;空白组和雌二醇组为对照组,UU1组、UU3组和UU4组为实验组;雌二醇组和实验组雌二醇化后1周,将UU1、UU3和UU4分别接种至UU1、UU3和UU4组小鼠泌尿生殖道,将液体培养基接种至空白组和雌激素组。2周后检测各组小鼠泌尿生殖道的IL-8、SIgA、TNF-α并取小鼠子宫组织行病理检查。结果：实验组小鼠UU接种都获得成功。IL-8、SIgA、TNF-α检测结果显示：实验组和对照组比较有显著性差异;UU4组和UU1组及UU3组比较有显著性差异;空白组和雌二醇组比较无显著性差异;UU1组和UU3组比较无显著性差异。病理显示：UU1、UU3和UU4组昆明小鼠子宫组织有炎细胞浸润,UU4组小鼠宫颈病变更明显。对照组小鼠子宫未见明显改变。结论：UU1、UU3和UU4可能导致昆明小鼠下生殖道产生病理反应;UU4可能短期致病力更强。     

Investigation of the effect of metal ions on the reactivity of thiol groups in human 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase.

The reaction of human 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) results in the release of 4 molar equivalents of 5-mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid (Nbs) per subunit. Two of the thiol groups reacted very rapidly (groups I and II), and their rate constants were determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry; the other two thiol groups (groups III and IV) were observed by conventional spectroscopy. Titration of the enzyme with a 1 molar equivalent concentration of Nbs2 resulted in the release of 2 molar equivalents of Nbs and the concomitant formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond between groups I and II. Removal of zinc from the holoenzyme increased the reactivity of groups I and II without significantly affecting the rate of reaction of the other groups. The reactions of the thiol groups in both the holoenzyme and apoenzyme were little affected by the presence of Pb2+ ions at concentrations that strongly inhibit the enzyme, suggesting that Zn2+ and Pb2+ ions may have independent binding sites. Protein fluorescence studies with Pb2+ and Zn2+ have shown that the binding of both metal ions results in perturbation of the protein fluorescence.