Periods of organogenesis in mono- and bicyclic annual shoots of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)

The organogenetic cycle of shoots on main branches of 4-year-old Juglans regia trees was studied. Mono- and bicyclic floriferous and vegetative annual shoots were analysed. Five parent annual shoot types were sampled between October 1992 and August 1993. Organogenesis of summer growth units was monitored between 16 Jun. and 3 Aug. 1993. Variations over time in the number of nodes, cataphylls and embryonic green leaves of terminal buds were studied. The number of nodes of parent shoot buds was compared with the number of nodes of shoots derived from parent shoot buds. The spring growth units of mono- and bicyclic shoots consist exclusively of preformed leaves which were differentiated, respectively, during the spring flush of growth (mid-April until mid-May) or the summer flush of growth (mid-June until early August) in the previous growing season. Thus, winter buds may consist of flower and leaf primordia differentiated in two different periods during annual shoot extension. The summer growth units of bicyclic shoots consist of preformed leaves that were differentiated in spring buds during the spring flush of growth in the current growing season. Bud morphology is compared between spring and summer shoots.     

The relationship between phenology of pistillate flower organogenesis and mode of heterodichogamy in Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)

 We investigated the degree of organogenesis completed at the end of the growing season in pistillate flowers of heterodichogamous Juglans regia, English or Persian walnut. Terminal buds from paired cultivars, one each protandrous and protogynous, chosen to represent early, midseason and late leafing walnuts, were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that pistillate floral primordia in protandrous individuals had not progressed beyond involucre initiation during the season prior to bloom. In protogynous individuals, floral differentiation had progressed to the initiation of perianth primordia. These observations are compared with an earlier report on staminate flower differentiation in the same cultivars where a comparable, but opposite, relationship exists. We conclude that the degree of differentiation in both staminate and pistillate flowers that must be completed between the time growth resumes in the spring and anthesis is a developmental determinant of the mode of heterodichogamy in walnut. Received: 15 June 1996 / Revision accepted: 25 October 1996     

Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a heterodichogamous tree, Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae)

Mating patterns in heterodichogamous species are generally considered to be disassortative between flowering morphs, but this hypothesis has hitherto not been vigorously tested. Here, mating patterns and pollen dispersal were studied in Juglans mandshurica, a heterodichogamous wind-pollinated species that is widely distributed in northern and north-eastern China. Paternity analyses carried out on 11 microsatellite loci were used to estimate morph-specific rates of outcrossing and disassortative mating. Pollen dispersal and genetic structure were also investigated in the population under study. The mating pattern of J. mandshurica was highly outcrossing and disassortative. Pairwise values of intramorph relatedness were much higher than those of intermorph relatedness, and a low level of biparental inbreeding was detected. There was no significant difference in outcrossing and disassortative mating rates between the two morphs. The effective pollen dispersal distribution showed an excess of near-neighbor matings, and most offspring of individual trees were sired by one or two nearby trees. These results corroborate the previous suggestion that mating in heterodichogamous plant species is mainly disassortative between morphs, which not only prevents selfing but also effectively reduces intramorph inbreeding.     

Species composition,trend of biodiversity variation and conservation of the fish in Lijiang River (in China)

In the present study, diversity investigations were conducted for fish species in Lijiang River main stream and its four tributaries for four times seasonally during the period from April 2013 to January 2015. Based upon the 19763 fish samples collected, a total of 91 species and subspecies belonging to five orders, 17 families and 65 genera, had been recorded. According to the method of inland water fishery natural resource investigation, by means of mathematics statistics and species diversity index to analyze data, studied the fish biodiversity characteristics and trend of biodiversity variation. On the basis, we found the reasons of exhaustion of fish resources and provided the scientific basis to protect and repair the aquatic ecosystem of Lijiang River. The research demonstrated that the diversity index of fish species in Lijiang River was at a high level, but due to the superposition of various risk factors, including overexploitation, water pollution, habitat alteration, etc., increasing exhaustion of fish stocks and decreasing significant of fish species diversity. It was urgent to take measures to protect and restore the aquatic ecosystem of Lijiang River.     

The trichomes of pericarp in Juglans (Juglandaceae): scanning microscopy, fluorescent microscopy amd histochemistry

Four types of glandular and non-glandular trichomes of pericarp in four Juglans species (J. ailanthifolia, J. cordiformis, J. mandshurica and J. regia) from Juglandaceae were studied by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent light microscopy and histochemistry. The capitate trichomes on short stalk, the capitate trichomes on long stalk and the peltate trichomes belong to glandular trichomes; the simple hairs concern to non-glandular trichomes. The investigated species differ one from another in dimensions and distribution oftrichomes as well as the chemical content and the mechanism of secretion. The fluorescent markers and histochemical tests show the presence of flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols in trichomes on short and long stalk. In peltate trichomes the flavonoids and tannins were found in lesser quantity and the polyphenols are absent. In simple hairs the phenolic substances have not been recognized. It has been come out with the suggestion about a functional role of each type of trichomes.     

Numerical taxonomy of Palaeocarya (Juglandaceae) from the Mangbang Formation of West Yunnan, China

Specimens of Palaeocarya (Juglandaceae) were collected from the upper Pliocene of western Yunnan Province, which is a new geographical and age range record of engelhardioid winged fruits in China. A numerical taxonomic investigation based on 14 morphological characters of fossil and extant specimens of engelhardioid winged fruits in China was conducted using multivariate methods. Phenetic clustering shows that there are four morphotypical groups which we assign to four species. Two groups are assigned to the previously described fossil species, Palaeocarya guangxiensis Li Hao-Min et Chen Yun-Fa, 2003 and Palaeocarya koreanica (Oishi) Manchester, 1987. Two new species are recognized, Palaeocarya yunnanensis and Palaeocarya longialata. These Neogene Engelhardieae fruits provide fossil data for understanding the origin and evolution of the Engelhardia species that now inhabit South China.     

中国劳弗蛛属1新种记述(蜘蛛目:跳蛛科)

记述了中国劳弗蛛属1新种：剑突劳弗蛛Laufeia sicussp．nov．。     

中国伪遁蛛属Pseudopoda 2新种记述（蜘蛛目：异足蛛科）

报道了采白云南的伪遁蛛属Pseudopoda蜘蛛2新种：镇康伪遁蛛,新种Pseudopoda zhenkangensis sp．nov．和蝶形伪遁蛛,新种Prhopalocera sp．nov．．模式标本保存于大理学院生命科学与化学学院和中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所。文中测量单位为mm。     

云南狭蚱属二新种(直翅目:短翼蚱科)

记述采自云南省普洱市南屏镇的直翅目Orthoptera、短翼蚱科Metrodoridae、狭蚱属Xistra Bolivar2新种:小叶狭蚱Xistra foliolata Liang,sp.nov.及小狭蚱Xistra parvula Liang,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中山大学生物博物馆。     

A New Species of the Genus Tor from Yunnan, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

A new species of the subfamily Barbinae, Tor yingjiangensis, is recognized from Yunnan province, China. It can be distinguished from other Tor species by the following combination of characters: last simple dorsal-fin ray osseous and non-serrated; no forward directed predorsal procumbent spine; head length considerably longer than body depth; no tubercles on the snout or sides of the face; 18–20 gill rakers on the outside of first gill arch; 24–26 lateral line scales; median lobe of lower lip short, its posterior margin truncate, not extending to the vertical across the inner corners of the mouth; and the condition of the lower lip consistent in individuals of different sizes. The new species has been misidentified previously as Tor putitora (Hamilton, F. 1822. An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its Branches. Edinburgh & London. 405 pp), which occurs in the Ganges and Indus River basins. The new species can easily be distinguished from T. putitora by having 3–3.5 (vs. 2.5) scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin, shorter caudal peduncle length (13.0% vs. 17.2% of standard length), lesser body depth (26.4% vs. 24.0% of standard length) and longer caudal peduncle depth (12.0% vs. 10.9% of standard length), no longitudinal stripe present along side of body, and eyes visible in ventral view of head.     

云南枝背蚱科一新属一新种(直翅目:蚱总科)

记述采自云南省绿春县牛孔乡的直翅目蚱总科枝背蚱科1新属:盾蚱属Aspiditettix gen.nov.及1新种--云南盾蚱Aspiditettix yunnanensis,sp.nov..模式标本保存于中山大学生物博物馆昆虫标本室.     

滇东南假卫矛属一新种

麻栗坡假卫矛　新种　 (聚伞圆锥组 )ＭｉｃｒｏｔｒｏｐｉｓｍａｌｉｐｏｅｎｓｉｓＹ .Ｍ .Ｓｈｕｉ＆Ｗ .Ｈ .Ｃｈｅｎ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .　 [Ｓｅｃｔ.Ｃｙｍｏｓｏ ｐａｎｉｃｕｌａｔａ (Ｍｅｒｒ.ｅｔＦｒｅｅｍ .)Ｃ .Ｙ .ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＴ .Ｃ .Ｋａｏ]ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＭｉｃｒｏｔｒｏｐｉｓｓｃｏｔｉｉＰａｒｋｉｎｓａｒｃｔｅａｆｆｉｎｉｓ ,ｓｅｄｆｏｌｉｉｓ 19- 2 4ｃｍｌｏｎｇｉｓ ,ｃｙｍｉｓｑｕａｒｔｅｒｖｅｌｑｕｉｎｑｕｉｅｓｒａｍｏｓｉｓ ,ｓｅｐａｌｉｓｉｎｖｏｌｕｔｉｓ (ｎｅｃｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｓ)ｄｉｆ…     

New Species of Genus Hedotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Yunnan Province, China

A study on three new species of the genus Hedotettix Bolivar (namely,Hedotettix grossivalva sp.nov.,Hedotettix brachynota sp.nov.,and Hedotettix xueshanensis sp.nov.) from Yunnan Province,China,was performed.All their specimens are deposited in the insect specimen laboratory of the Department of Resources,Southwest Forestry College (Kunming,China).The appendix presents a catalog of subcategories of Hedotettix Bolivar from China.     

云南蠓科昆虫二新种记述(双翅目:蠓科)

记述采自云南芒市(24.4°N, 98.5°E)的蠓科昆虫2新种,分别命名为叉茎裸蠓Atrichopogon diandrous sp. nov. 和芒市毛蠓Dasyhelea mangshi sp.nov.,并予描述和绘制了形态特征图,所有模式标本都保存于医学昆虫标本馆.     

云南微翅蚱属一新种记述(直翅目:蚱总科:蚱科)

记述采自云南丘北地区微翅蚱属1新种,即褐胫微翅蚱Alulatettix ochrotibis Deng and Zheng,sp.nov,.模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室. 该新种近似于秦岭微翅蚱Alulatettix qinlingensis Deng,Zheng et Wei 2006,主要区别为:颜面降起在侧单眼之间不凹陷;颜面隆起纵沟的宽度略宽于触角基节的宽度;触角中段一节的长为宽的2.0～2.5倍;侧面观背板上缘略波状;沟前区侧隆线向后收缩.其与断隆微翅蚱Alulatettix interrupta Deng,Zheng et Wei 2006也相似,但头顶的宽度宽于一眼宽的1.6倍,前胸背板中隆线全长完整;沟前区侧隆线向后收缩;肩部之间不具1对短纵隆线. 正模:♂,云南丘北(锦屏),1 400 m,2006-Ⅷ-05,邓维安采;副模:1♂,同正模.     

滇东南黄连山秋海棠属一新种

树生秋海棠　新种　 (秋海棠组 )图 1Ｂｅｇｏｎｉａａｒｂｏｒｅｔａ　Ｙ .Ｍ .Ｓｈｕｉ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .[Ｓｅｃｔ.Ｄｉｐｌｏｃｌｉｕｍ (Ｗｉｇｈｔ)Ａ .ＤＣ .]Ｆｉｇ .1ＨａｂｉｔｕＢ ｇａｒｒｅｔｉｉＣｒａｉｂ .ｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ ,ｓｅｄｐｌａｎｔａａｃａｕｌｉｓ ,ｆｏｌｉｏ 1ｂａｓａｌｉ,ｃａｐｓｕｌｉｓｏｂｏｖｏｉｄｅｉｓ ,ａｌｉｓｏｂｏｖａｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｔ.Ｈｅｒｂａｐｅｒｅｎｎｉｓ,ｄｅｃｉｄｕａ ,ｂａｓｉｔｕｂｅｒｉｆｅｒａ ,ｔｕｂｅｒｉｂｕｓｓｕｂｇｌｏｂｏｓｉｓ,1ｃｍｄｉａｍ .Ｓｔｉｐｕｌａｅ…     

Conservation Genetic Resources for Effective Species Survival (ConGRESS): Bridging the divide between conservation research and practice

Policy makers and managers are increasingly called upon to assess the state of biodiversity, and make decisions regarding potential interventions. Genetic tools are well-recognised in the research community as a powerful approach to evaluate species and population status, reveal ecological and demographic processes, and inform nature conservation decisions. The wealth of genetic data and power of genetic methods are rapidly growing, but the consideration of genetic information and concerns in policy and management is limited by the currently low capacity of decision-makers to access and apply genetic resources. Here we describe a freely available, user-friendly online resource for decision-makers at local and national levels (http://congressgenetics.eu), which increases access to current knowledge, facilitates implementation of studies and interpretation of available data, and fosters collaboration between researchers and practitioners. This resource was created in partnership with conservation practitioners across the European Union, and includes a spectrum of taxa, ecosystems and conservation issues. Our goals here are to (1) introduce the rationale and context, (2) describe the specific tools (knowledge summaries, publications database, decision making tool, project planning tool, forum, community directory), and the challenges they help solve, and (3) summarise lessons learned. This article provides an outlook and model for similar efforts to build policy and management capacity.