紫竹梅、吊竹梅和鸭跖草气孔分布与比较

用无色指甲油印痕法对鸭跖草科的紫竹梅、吊竹梅和鸭跖草的幼茎、成熟茎、成熟叶鞘的外表皮和幼叶、成熟叶和上、下表皮的气孔分布进行观察。并借助于计算机对三种植物的各器官各部分的气孔分布进行差异性检验和总体比较。结果表明：三种植物的幼茎、成熟茎和成熟叶鞘外表皮的上部、中部、基部的气孔分布均无显著性差异,而幼叶和成熟叶的上、中、下部的气孔分布存在着显著性差异或极显著差异。三种植物的总体比较,只有幼茎无显著性差异。同科不同属的三种植物不同器官的气孔分布存在差异与其遗传和生境条件有关。在植物不同的器官中,叶表面的气孔分布特征可以作为植物分类的佐证。     

三种常见且学名混乱的鸭跖草科栽培植物及其用途

在研究鸭跖草料植物的基础上,对三种常见栽培植物——吊竹梅、紫竹梅和紫万年青的学名作了修正,并介绍了其用途。     

植物气孔的类型、分布特点和发育

植物气孔控制着植物蒸腾和光合两个基本生命过程,影响着陆生植物的生产和生命.气孔不仅是植物形态学上的重要特征,而且在研究植物间的亲缘关系、系统进化和分类、染色体倍性鉴定、估价植物的抗病性和生存环境以及生理等方面均具有重要的意义.对植物气孔的分类、气孔的分布特点、气孔的发育过程以及其影响因素进行了综述.     

青藏高原和内蒙古高原典型草地植物叶片肾型和哑铃型气孔器气孔特征及其与环境的关系

该研究利用植物制片技术,以中国青藏高原和内蒙古高原典型草地常见种或优势种植物的叶片为研究对象,通过比较分析叶片哑铃型气孔器和肾型气孔器的特征及其与环境因子的关系,揭示植物叶片两类气孔器对环境因子的响应策略。结果表明:(1)叶片哑铃型气孔器气孔指标的变异系数小于肾型气孔器。(2)叶片哑铃型气孔器气孔指标与环境气候指标的关系弱于肾型气孔器。(3)叶片哑铃型气孔器气孔特征与环境关系在叶片上下表面之间存在显著差异,而肾型气孔器气孔特征与环境因子的关系在叶片上下表面之间无显著差异。(4)叶片哑铃型气孔器的气孔特征与降水关系密切,而肾型气孔器气孔特征与温度关系密切。(5)同一种气孔器的气孔特征在两个地区(青藏高原和内蒙古高原)间存在显著差异。研究认为,肾型气孔器和哑铃型气孔器的气孔特征及其与环境之间的关系存在差异,在分析气孔特征时有必要将肾形与哑铃形保卫细胞形成的气孔器加以区分,该研究结果有助于进一步理解中国草地植物叶气孔特征对气候变化的响应与适应策略。     

增温与放牧对矮嵩草草甸4种植物气孔密度和气孔长度的影响

设计增温和放牧耦合试验研究增温和放牧对高寒植物气孔密度和气孔长度的影响,选择矮嵩草（Kobresia humilis）、高山唐松草（Thalictrum aplinum）、垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb.）和麻花艽（Gentiana straminea）作为试验材料。结果表明增温与放牧分别影响这4个物种气孔形态参数的不同方面：温度使4个物种气孔长度一致性地变小（P<005）,放牧使气孔密度和潜在气孔导度指数（PCI）一致性地上升（P<0.05）。气孔密度对增温的响应趋势和气孔长度对放牧的响应趋势在不同物种间存在差异。气孔长度减小可能是对增温引起的水分胁迫的响应,气孔密度和潜在气孔导度指数上升反映出四种植物在本研究相应的放牧强度下存在补偿性生长的可能。     

干旱和CO_2浓度升高对干旱区春小麦气孔密度及分布的影响

通过对不同土壤水分状况、不同 CO2 浓度条件下春小麦叶片气孔的观测结果表明 :干旱和 CO2 浓度升高不仅影响叶片气孔密度 ,而且也影响其分布。随干旱程度的加剧 ,气孔密度有明显的上升趋势 ,气孔在叶片上的分布趋向均匀 ;随 CO2 浓度的升高 ,气孔密度有明显的下降趋势 ,其分布也趋向均匀。水分状况和 CO2 浓度相同时 ,气孔密度及分布受不同温度的影响     

适应不同光环境小蜡叶片气孔导度、气孔开度和气孔密度的时空变化

对生长在强光环境和弱光环境小蜡叶片的气孔参数测定发现 :气孔导度和气孔开度在 4个取样部位存在异质性分布。气孔导度和气孔开度经回归分析呈线性、指数或多项式分布。统计分析表明 :强光下的叶片气孔导度和气孔开度的相关性明显高于弱光环境叶片的数值。无论强光环境还是弱光环境下的叶片 ,在取样部位编号为1和 3,其气孔导度和气孔开度均存在显著的线性关系。弱光环境下叶片的气孔密度要远低于强光环境下的叶片。强光环境下叶片对变化环境的敏感性要大于弱光环境下的叶片 ,这可能与强光环境叶片具有较高的气孔密度有关。     

适应不同光环境小蜡叶片气孔导度、气孔开度和气孔密度的时空变化

对生长在强光环境和弱光环境小蜡叶片的气孔参数测定发现:气孔导度和气孔开度在4个取样部位存在异质性分布.气孔导度和气孔开度经回归分析呈线性、指数或多项式分布.统计分析表明:强光下的叶片气孔导度和气孔开度的相关性明显高于弱光环境叶片的数值.无论强光环境还是弱光环境下的叶片,在取样部位编号为1和3,其气孔导度和气孔开度均存在显著的线性关系.弱光环境下叶片的气孔密度要远低于强光环境下的叶片.强光环境下叶片对变化环境的敏感性要大于弱光环境下的叶片,这可能与强光环境叶片具有较高的气孔密度有关.     

关于“不同环境叶片上、下表皮气孔的分布规律”的探究式教学

通过“魔术”展示氯化钴试纸的特性,启发学生利用该特性设计新的实验方案,自主探究不同环境中的植物叶片上、下表皮气孔数目的分布规律。     

Characterization of the effects of metabolic inhibitors, ATPase inhibitors and a potassium-channel blocker on stomatal opening and closing in isolated epidermis of Commelina communis L.

Abstract. The specific effects of hypoxia and various inhibitors on stomatal opening in the light and closing in the dark were characterized in isolated epidermis from Commelina communis L. Reducing the guard cell metabolism with hypoxia and the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m-chloro-phenyl-hydrazone, CCCP, respectively, inhibited both stomatal opening and closing. Stomatal closing was very efficiently blocked by CCCP and this effect could be readily reversed by washing out the inhibitor. The authors were unable to inhibit stomatal opening with ATPase-inhibitors, without also affecting closing. Orthovanadate, up to 2 mol m⁻³, affected neither opening nor closing. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, DCCD, and diethylstilbestrol, DES, inhibited opening as well as closing to about 50%. The K⁺ -channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride, TEA-Cl, inhibited both stomatal opening and closing, as did phenyl acetic acid, PAA, a compound considered to interfere with blue light induced stomatal opening. The results are discussed in the view that the uncontrolled K⁺ leakage from the guard cells is low, that K⁺ efflux during stomatal closing, as well as K⁺ influx during opening, occurs through specific K⁺-channels and that ATP and/or a membrane potential seems to be needed to keep these channels open.     

A Comparative Floristic Study on the Seed Plants of the East Side and the West Side of the Northern Gaoligong Mts . in Northwestern Yunnan,China

The differences in rainfall and temperature between the east and west sides of the northern GaoligongMts. leads to distinct differences in the plant diversity and floristic characteristics between the two sides . Recorded taxa on the east side include 1 475 native species and 192 varieties (or subspecies) belonging to 580 genera in 152 families and for the west side include 1 804 native species and 186 varieties ( or subspecies) belonging to 659 genera in 162 families . Based on the statistics and analysis of families, genera, and species, a comparative floristic study on the seed plants for the east side and the west side of the northern Gaoligong Mts. was carried out. The results are as follows: 1) The present flora on the east and west sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts . have the same floristic origins, but the relative contribution from these different sources has changed through time . The result is that the floristic similarity of families, genera, and species between the east side and the west side has decreased through time; 2) The floristic characteristic of seed plants for the west side has become more greatly influenced by tropical floristic elements than has that of the east side, and the influence by the temperate floristic elements has become less influenced on the west side but greater on the east side; 3) The flora of the west side is more closely linked with that of the eastern Himalayans than is the flora of the east side, and the flora of the east side is more closely linked with the other floras farther to the east. Owing to the obstruct of the Gaoligong Mts. ridge itself, it is seemingly difficult for the species interchange between the two sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts. ; 4) The ecological-geographical environment has made it more conducive to species conservation and the speciation on the west side than on the east side, so the west side is not only a refuge for some ancient floristic elements but also as a cradle of some new species.