外源性PTEN增强放射线诱导胰腺癌ASPC-1细胞G2/M期阻滞

目的观察外源性PTEN在乏氧及放射前后对胰腺癌细胞系ASPC-1细胞周期及克隆形成的影响。方法将质粒pEAK8和pEAK8-PTEN分别转染ASPC-1细胞,获得ASPC-1-pEAK8细胞及ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞,将ASPC-1、ASPC-1-pEAK8和ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞各分成常氧组、乏氧组、照射组、乏氧照射组。乏氧组施加乏氧（1%O2）处理,乏氧时间为24 h,照射组接受4Gy单次照射,乏氧照射组在乏氧下进行照射。应用Western印迹杂交、流式细胞术、成克隆分析法检测外源性PTEN对ASPC-1细胞PTEN蛋白表达、细胞周期分布及细胞克隆形成能力的影响。结果ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞较ASPC-1、ASPC-1-pEAK8细胞PTEN蛋白增加明显。常氧下,ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞较ASPC-1、ASPC-1-pEAK8细胞G2/M期细胞增多,并且放射线进一步增强了G2/M期细胞阻滞。乏氧8h后,ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞较ASPC-1、ASPC-1-pEAK8细胞凋亡比例显著提高。常氧及放射后,ASPC-1、ASPC-1-pEAK8、ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞克隆形成率分别为33.33±8.38%、31.67±4.32%、24.00±3.90%和5.53±0.52%、5.33±0.74%、3.73±1.20%。乏氧及放射后,细胞克隆形成率分别为29.67±4.97%、29.50±3.39%、19.83±5.12%和12.08±0.78%、11.17±0.73%和7.38±0.58%。结果表明,ASPC-1-pEAK8-PTEN细胞较ASPC-1,ASPC-1-pEAK8细胞在照射及乏氧前后克隆形成率均明显降低。结论外源性PTEN可使胰腺癌ASPC-1细胞阻滞在G2/M期,增强乏氧诱导细胞凋亡,增强放射线诱导ASPC-1细胞G2/M期阻滞的能力,提高放射线对ASPC-1细胞在常氧及乏氧下的细胞杀伤。     

非小细胞肺癌组织中PTEN表达的研究

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中PTEN的表达及临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测了40例非小细胞肺癌及癌旁组织中PTEN和PTENmRNA的表达,结合临床病理资料,比较PTEN基因突变和mRNA表达与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果PTEN在40例非小细胞肺癌组织中呈低表达,在癌旁组织中PTEN呈高表达。PTENmRNA在40例非小细胞肺癌组织中无表达29例,阳性表达11例,癌旁组织中PTENmRNA无表达的为8例,阳性表达为32例。癌组织阳性表达率显著低于癌周组织（P〈0.01）。结论非小细胞肺癌组织中存在较高比例的PTENmRNA表达缺失,表明PTEN基因转录水平异常在非小细胞肺癌的发生、发展中起了重要的作用。     

PTEN 通过下调自噬活性抑制登革病毒2型感染

为探讨PTEN、细胞自噬与登革病毒2型（DENV-2）感染之间的关系及可能机制,本研究将DENV-2以不同感染复数（MOI）和不同持续时间感染人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVEC）,蛋白免疫印迹法检测PTEN表达及指示细胞自噬的LC3型别转换情况;进一步构建pLenti-PTEN和pLenti-shPTEN表达质粒,包装成慢病毒,感染 HUVEC以建立稳定表达细胞系,并检测 PTEN过表达及敲低对自噬标记尤其是LC3Ⅱ／LC3Ⅰ比值、DENV-2 capsid蛋白和mRNA水平及子代病毒颗粒感染性的影响。结果显示,PTEN下调可抑制细胞自噬水平,继而降低DENV-2 capsid蛋白表达和子代病毒颗粒释放,提示 DENV-2感染 HUVEC发生的PTEN蛋白表达下调很可能是宿主细胞本身的一种针对DENV-2感染的保护性反应。     

TIP30在胰腺中的表达及对胰腺癌细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:探讨抑癌基因TIP30在胰腺中的表达情况,并研究其对胰腺癌细胞生物学特性的影响,为TIP30在胰腺癌基因治疗中的应用提供依据.方法:采用免疫组织化学检测12例正常胰腺组织和106例胰腺导管腺癌组织中TIP30的表达情况;RT-PCR和Western blot检测TIP30基因在三种主要胰腺癌细胞系中的表达情况;根据结果构建相应慢病毒载体转染胰腺癌细胞,检测TIP30对细胞增殖能力,克隆形成能力和成瘤能力的影响.结果:TIP30在胰腺导管腺癌组织中表达缺失率为49.1％,正常组织中的缺失率为0％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);在不同胰腺癌细胞系中,内源性TIP30也存在差异化表达,Capan-2细胞系中表达量最高,SW1990细胞系其次,PANC-1细胞系中表达量最低;抑制Capan-2细胞内源性TIP30表达可以增强肿瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成和成瘤能力,使PANC-1细胞中TIP30过表达,可以抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成和成瘤能力.结论:组织表达分析和细胞功能试验都证实TIP30作为抑癌基因在胰腺癌发生发展中起重要作用,为胰腺癌的治疗提供新的研究方向.     

乳腺癌组织抑癌基因PTEN的表达及其意义

目的探讨PTEN基因在人乳腺癌组织的表达及其与临床病理参数的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学法和原位杂交法,对70例乳腺癌组织PTEN基因mRNA和蛋白表达进行分析.结果 15例乳腺良性肿瘤均见PTENmRNA和蛋白表达,其阳性率为(100.0% 15/15);70例乳腺癌组织中PTENmRNA和蛋白表达明显降低,阳性率分别为51.4%(36/70)和47.1%(33/70),与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);PTEN基因表达下调与乳腺癌的组织学分级,TNM分期和腋淋巴结转移有关,而与肿瘤的大小和ER、PR状况无关.乳腺癌PTEN mRNA表达检测结果与PTEN蛋白相似.结论乳腺癌中存在PTEN基因表达异常,PTEN表达下调与乳腺癌的进展、转移关系密切.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中PTEN表达的研究

目的:探讨PTEN基因与新疆维族妇女宫颈病变的相关关系.方法:选取维吾尔族妇女正常或炎症的宫颈组织30例、CINⅠ30例、CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ30例、宫颈鳞癌组织30例采用免疫组化SP法检测PTEN蛋白表达.结果:PTEN的蛋白表达率在正常或炎症的宫颈组织、CIN Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组织中分别为83.3％、73.3％、56.7％、23.3％,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少,与前三组有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:新疆维族妇女宫颈病变组织中PTEN蛋白水平表达减少,其与新疆维族妇女宫颈病变呈负相关关系;是宫颈组织恶变的信号.     

抑癌基因PTEN在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的研究胰腺癌组织中PTEN蛋白及PTEN mRNA的表达及其临床病理意义.方法常规石蜡包埋切片SABC免疫组化法和原位杂交技术检测26例胰腺癌、12例癌旁组织及8例正常胰腺组织中PTEN蛋白和PTEN mRNA表达情况,同时结合病人的临床病理资料进行分析.结果 26例胰腺癌、12例癌旁组织及8例正常胰腺组织中,正常胰腺组织及癌旁组织PTEN蛋白阳性16例(75%),阳性物质位于胰腺腺细胞及胰岛细胞的胞质中,胰腺癌PTEN蛋白阳性10例,PTEN蛋白表达于癌细胞胞质,阳性率(38.4%)与正常组织存在显著差异(P<0.01).淋巴结未转移病例PTEN阳性率与淋巴结转移病例的阳性表达率无显著差异(P>0.05).PTEN mRNA表达结果与PTEN蛋白基本一致,胰腺癌PTEN mRNA阳性12例,阳性率(46.2%).结论 PTEN表达与胰腺癌临床病理特征和生物学行为存在密切关系.可能与胰腺癌的发生、发展及预后有关.     

丹皮酚对肝癌MHCC97-H细胞PTEN、AKT表达的影响

目的:探讨丹皮酚(Paeonol,Pae)在体外对人肝癌MHCC97-H细胞PTEN、AKT表达的影响。方法:体外培养人肝癌MHCC97-H细胞,MTT法检测丹皮酚对MHCC97-H细胞的增殖抑制作用,RT-PCR法检测PTEN、Akt1、Akt2mRNA表达,West- ern Blot法检测PTEN、p-AKT蛋白的表达。结果:丹皮酚呈时间剂量依赖性抑制人肝癌MHCC97-H细胞的增殖;肝癌MHCC97-H细胞低表达PTEN,高表达AKT,丹皮酚能显著上调MHCC97-H细胞PTEN表达,下调AKT表达。结论:丹皮酚可上调抑癌基因PTEN的表达,下调致癌基因AKT的表达,抑制MHCC97-H细胞的增殖。     

小G蛋白Ran对胰腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的调控

目的:探讨Ras超家族的小G蛋白Ran GTPase在胰腺癌组织及细胞中的表达情况,及其对胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖和凋亡的影响.方法:选取胰腺癌石蜡标本及相应正常组织标本各27例进行免疫组织化学染色.用LipofectamineTM2000转染Ran干扰RNA (small interference RNA,siRNA)进入胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1干扰其表达,之后利用Western blot观察Ran的表达情况.运用MTT及流式细胞术分别检测各实验组细胞的增殖和凋亡情况.结果:免疫组化染色显示在胰腺癌组织中Ran的表达阳性率及得分均明显高于癌旁正常组织(P＜0.05).将干扰Ran siRNA转染进入细胞系PANC-1中,利用Westemblot发现Ran的表达明显下调.并且通过MTT实验发现在胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1中下调Ran表达能明显抑制该细胞生长(P＜0.05),并使PANC-1细胞凋亡显著增多(P＜0.05).结论:小G蛋白Ran GTPase在胰腺癌组织及细胞系中高表达,且Ran可以促进胰腺癌细胞PANC-1的增殖,抑制其凋亡.     

DLK1基因在急性白血病细胞系中的表达及其意义

目的:研究急性白血病细胞系DLK1基因的表达水平在红系分化中的作用.方法:采用RT-PCR、Western bitting时白血病细胞系K562、HL-60进行DLK1水平的检测.培养K562细胞,用氯化高铁血红素(hemin)诱导其分化,观察DLK1在红系分化中的变化.结果:K562细胞DLK1mRNA、蛋白水平存在明显表达,HL-60细胞DLK1则不表达.通过RT-PCR检测了hemin诱导K562细胞向红系分化过程中各时间点DLK1mRNA的变化,显示随着K562向红系分化,DLK1mRNA的水平逐渐下降.结论:K562细胞表达DLK1,HL-60不表达DLK1.DLK1基因可能参与K562细胞向红系分化的过程,可能抑制其分化.     

Lipoxygenase inhibitors abolish proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells.

Epidemiologic and animal studies have linked pancreatic cancer growth with fat intake, especially unsaturated fats. Arachidonic acid release from membrane phospholipids is essential for tumor cell proliferation. Lipoxygenases (LOX) constitute one pathway for arachidonate metabolism, but their role in pancreatic cancer growth is unknown. The expression of 5-LOX and 12-LOX as well as their effects on cell proliferation was investigated in four human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, MiaPaca2, Capan2, and ASPC-1). Expression of 5-LOX and 12-LOX mRNA was measured by nested RT-PCR. Effects of LOX inhibitors and specific LOX antisense oligonucleotides on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation were measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Our results showed that (1) 5-LOX and 12-LOX were expressed in all pancreatic cancer cell lines tested, while they were not detectable in normal human pancreatic ductal cells; (2) both LOX inhibitors and LOX antisense markedly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner; (3) the 5-LOX and 12-LOX metabolites 5-HETE and 12-HETE as well as arachidonic and linoleic acids directly stimulated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation; (4) LOX inhibitor-induced growth inhibition was reversed by 5-HETE and 12-HETE. The current studies indicate that both 5-LOX and 12-LOX expression is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer cells and LOX plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. LOX inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.     

MicroRNA-100 regulates IGF1-receptor expression in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells

Abstract

Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma have the lowest 5 year survival rate and yearly rates of incidence are nearly equal to the mortality rates. Long term cure rates by standard therapies are disappointing owing to disseminated disease at diagnosis and chemotherapeutic resistance. New therapeutic targets are necessary to decrease the progression of pancreatic cancer and the ability to identify targets specific to metastasis would improve patient care. We evaluated the levels of microRNA of metastatic and non-metastatic cell lines. The expression levels of microRNAs and mRNAs were determined using microarray analysis to examine and compare five pancreatic cancer cell lines, two that can metastasize in vivo (S2VP10 and S2CP9) and three that do not metastasize (MiaPaCa2, Panc-1 and ASPC-1). MicroRNA analysis indicated an increase in miR-100 and a decrease in miR-138 expression in metastatic cancer cells. Microarray analysis of different expressions of mRNAs in metastatic and non-metastatic pancreatic cell lines also indicated significantly increased insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1-R) expression in metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines compared to non-metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines. To confirm microarray analysis results, western blot and immunocytochemistry were performed. Western blot revealed that IGF1-R expression exhibited in metastatic cancer cell lines a seven-fold increase compared to non-metastatic cell lines. In addition, downstream expressions of the proteins, GRB2 and phosphorylated PI3K, also were increased in aggressive cancer cell lines. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the linkage of IGF1-R to miR-100, because cells transfected with miR-100 inhibitor showed a decrease in IGF1-R. Cells transfected with a miR-138 mimic, however, did not affect IGF1-R expression.     

Downregulation of PTEN/MMAC/TEP1 expression in human prostate cancer cell line DU145 by growth stimuli

Genetic alterations and/or deletion of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN/MMAC/TEP1 occur in many types of human cancer including prostate cancer. We describe the production of monoclonal antibody against recombinant human PTEN and the study of PTEN gene and protein expression in three commercially available human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3, LNCaP, and DU 145. Northern blotting analyses showed that LNCaP and DU145 but not PC-3 cells expressed PTEN mRNA. However, Western blotting analyses using a monoclonal antibody against PTEN demonstrated the expression of PTEN protein in DU145 but not LNCaP cells. In DU145 cells, PTEN expression at both the mRNA and protein levels inversely correlated with serum concentrations and levels of PKB/Akt phosphorylation. In addition, the basal activity of PKB/Akt as indicated by level of phosphorylation was higher in prostate cancer cells which do not express PTEN than that in the cells expressing wild type PTEN. Thus, PTEN may play a critical role in regulating cellular signaling in prostate cancer cells.     

The regulatory roles of miRNA and methylation on oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells

Carcinogenesis is driven by an accumulation of mutations and genetic lesions, which leads to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of these genes was regulated in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of microRNA and methylation on the expression of k-ras, TP53 and PTEN genes in pancreatic cancer cells. The protein and miRNA levels were measured by Western blotting and Northern blotting, respectively. Xenograft pancreatic tumor models were established by inoculating BxPC-1, Capan-2, and Panc-1 tumor cells into athymic nu/nu mice. A disparate level of KRAS, p53, PTEN, Dnmts, and Dicer 1 proteins as well as let-7i, miR-22, miR-143, and miR-29b miRNA was observed in BxPC-1, Capan-2, and Panc-1 cells. Knockdown of Dicer 1 expression in BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cells resulted in significant increases in KRAS, p53, PTEN, and Dnmts protein levels and significant decreases in miR-22, miR-143, let-7i, and miR-29b expression. Knockdown of Dicer 1 expression in Capan-2 cells significantly increased p53 and PTEN expression, while significantly decreased miR-22 and miR-143 expression, but had no effects on PTEN, Dnmts, let-7i, and miR-29b expression. Knockdown of Dicer 1 expression significantly inhibited xenograft BxPC-3 tumor growth, but promoted xenograft Panc-1 tumor growth. In contrast, knockdown of Dicer 1 expression had no effect on xenograft Capan-2 tumor growth. Our study suggested that different pancreatic cancer cell lines exhibited obvious discrepancies in gene expression profiles, implying that different molecular mechanisms are involved in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer subclasses. Our study highlighted the importance of personalized therapy.     

PTEN在早孕小鼠子宫内膜的表达及其对胚泡着床的影响

本研究旨存检测肿瘤抑制基因PTEN(phosphatase andtensinhomologdeletedonchromosometen)在早孕小鼠子宫内膜中的表达规律,探讨PTEN在小鼠胚胎着床过程中的作用.采用实时荧光定量聚合酶联反应(real.time fluorescent quantitative PCR.FQ.PCR)和免疫组织化学方法分别检测未孕及孕1、3、4、5、7 d小鼠子宫内膜PTEN mRNA和蛋白的表达;子宫角注射PTEN反义寡核苷酸观察胚泡着床数.FQ-PCR结果显示,妊娠小鼠子宫内膜组织PTENmRNA的表达高于未妊娠小鼠,且随着妊娠天数的增加表达逐渐增强,到妊娠第5天达最高.免疫组织化学分析显示,PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜的表达规律与mRNA结果一致.子宫角注射PTEN反义寡核苷酸后胚泡着床数明显减少.结果提示,PTEN在妊娠早期子宫内膜持续表达,可能参与了胚泡着床.