原位分离耦合技术制备生物丁醇的研究进展

笔者对吸附法、液液萃取法、气提法、渗透汽化法等提取技术原位分离耦合丁醇进行了综述,并对其分离特性与效果进行了比较。针对目前原位分离耦合发酵制备生物丁醇的应用现状和面临的挑战,并结合本课题组已取得的成果,对原位分离耦合发酵制备生物丁醇的前景进行了展望。     

我国生物制造分离过程技术与装备研究进展

<正>生物产物的分离与纯化是生物制造过程的重要单元,关系生化产品的质量与制造成本。大多数生化产品需要综合利用多个分离纯化技术才能确保终端产品质量达标。近年来,我国在相关介质、技术和装备的研究与应用方面取得了长足进步。文章针对生物大分子蛋白、生物乙醇和丁醇、发酵调味品、1,3-丙二醇、呈味核苷酸二钠等典型生物发酵产品的分离纯化。重点介绍了我国近年     

提高丁醇萃取发酵耦联生产改良型生物柴油过程中萃余液回用效率的研究

利用少量廉价的萃取剂一正辛醇（正辛醇／萃余液体积比0．2：1）对萃余液中的丁醇进行萃取,萃余液中56％的残余丁醇可被回收,总丁醇得率提高了38％。萃余液经活性炭（3％,w／v）处理后,在100％回用拌料条件下一批次发酵能够正常进行。萃取发酵条件下,反复全回用萃余液5次,萃取发酵性能可以保持稳定。为丁醇萃取发酵耦联生产改良型生物柴油过程中萃余液的全回用提供了一种新型、低成本和绿色环保的方法。     

丙酮丁酸梭菌胞浆蛋白质组的系统研究

为了建立丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)蛋白质组的研究方法,采用超声波破碎细胞,并结合丙酮沉淀分离蛋白的方法,提取丙酮丁醇梭菌胞浆蛋白质,发现加入罗氏蛋白酶抑制剂能有效地减少提取过程中蛋白质的降解。通过二维电泳技术对其胞浆蛋白进行有效分离,在pH 4～7的胶上分离出大约1230个蛋白点。利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱成功鉴定了19个蛋白质。这些蛋白质组研究方法对于缺少蛋白质组研究的梭菌属具有一定的参考价值。     

生物丁醇制造技术现状和展望

丁醇是大宗基础化工原料,并有望成为新一代生物燃料。利用可再生原料通过微生物发酵生产丁醇受到人们的很大关注。然而,与石油原料制造丁醇相比,目前生物丁醇的制造成本偏高。生物丁醇制造技术按重要性排序:在廉价原料替代、低丁醇浓度及存在丙酮、乙醇低值副产物3个方面有改进空间。上海生物丁醇协作组设定了由易到难的技术路线图:通过代谢工程提高丁醇比例;在丁醇高耐受菌株中导入和优化丁醇合成途径;去除葡萄糖阻遏效应使之可利用复杂原料。协作组相信,通过与国内外广泛的产学研合作,应可在不远的将来开发出有经济竞争力并可持续发展的生物丁醇生产工艺。     

生物柴油耦联丙酮丁醇发酵的初步研究

以4种生物柴油(原料为地沟油、菜籽油、棕榈油和废肯德基油)作为萃取剂,开展了丙酮丁醇静态萃取发酵。通过分析发酵过程中的产气量及发酵40 h后油水两相中的溶剂浓度,发现生物柴油对丙丁梭菌有毒性。另外,静置条件下丁醇在不同油水两相中的液液平衡系数大致相同。在发酵24 h时加入棕榈生物柴油(油水体积比为0.4∶1),丁醇发酵强度达到最大值0.213 g.(L.h)-1、比对照(传统发酵)提高10.9%,且生物柴油中的丁醇质量浓度达到6.44 g.L-1。     

以木质纤维素原料生产生物丁醇的研究进展

<正>为促进纤维素丁醇产业的发展,并为生物丁醇研究提供借鉴,文章介绍了生物丁醇发展的历史与其工艺流程,分析了纤维素丁醇生产中不同技术的优缺点以及瓶颈。同时结合生物炼制技术,提出提高其生产性能的建议。     

丁醇的生物炼制及研究进展

丁醇因其优越的燃烧性能成为目前最具研发前景的生物燃料之一,它通常以可再生资源为原料,经丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)发酵获得。尽管ABE发酵曾是最古老的大规模发酵工艺之一,但由于原料成本高,发酵液中丁醇浓度低以及较高浓度的丙酮、乙醇和有机酸等副产物积累等问题,导致丁醇的生物炼制仍然不具有经济竞争力。本文中,笔者从原料选择、原料预处理、纤维素酶酶解和丁醇发酵4个方面介绍丁醇生物炼制的基本流程以及相关研究,以进一步分析丁醇生产的主要瓶颈,并从生产菌株改造和丁醇分离2个方面总结近年来的相关研究进展。最后,讨论了未来丁醇生产研究的重点并指出菌株改造的方向。     

液质联用在多肽及蛋白质定性方面的研究进展

随着液质联用技术的不断发展,液相色谱—质谱联用系统广泛应用于药物分析、食品分析、环境分析等多方面,该技术将液相色谱的高分离能力与质谱强大的结构鉴定功能相结合,具备了高分离度、高灵敏度、高选择性以及提供丰富结构信息等一系列优点。这些优点决定了液相色谱—质谱联用系统将在越来越多地相关领域得到应用,尤其是近年来在生物大分子方面开展了大量研究,结合这些研究对液质联用技术在多肽及蛋白质定性方面进行了系统归纳。     

基于一体化生物加工过程的木质纤维素合成生物丁醇的研究进展

一体化生物加工过程 (Consolidated bioprocessing,CBP) 是在一个生物反应器中完成水解酶生产、酶解、微生物发酵等多步生物过程的工艺。因其过程步骤简单、成本低,被认为是生产二代生物燃料最具发展前景的工艺。然而,由于木质纤维素降解与丁醇合成路径的复杂性,鲜有天然微生物可以直接利用木质纤维素合成丁醇。随着合成生物学技术的发展,在纤维素降解梭菌中引入丁醇合成途径,可以使单菌利用木质纤维素直接合成丁醇。但是该策略存在菌株代谢负荷重、丁醇产量低等问题。而混菌策略可以通过不同菌株的劳动分工,使单菌代谢负担得到缓解,因此进一步提高了丁醇合成效率。文中从单菌策略和混菌策略分析了近年来一体化生物加工过程利用木质纤维素合成丁醇的相关研究进展,为生物丁醇以及其他生物燃料的一体化生物加工过程研究提供借鉴。     

现代提取分离技术在食药用菌多糖分离纯化中的应用

详细综述了超声波法,酶解法,超滤法,透析法,色谱法等现代提取分离技术在食药用菌多糖分离纯化中的应用,简单阐述了各种技术的优缺点,并对其应用前景作了简要探讨。     

Integrated butanol recovery for an advanced biofuel: current state and prospects

Butanol has recently gained increasing interest due to escalating prices in petroleum fuels and concerns on the energy crisis. However, the butanol production cost with conventional acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation by Clostridium spp. was higher than that of petrochemical processes due to the low butanol titer, yield, and productivity in bioprocesses. In particular, a low butanol titer usually leads to an extremely high recovery cost. Conventional biobutanol recovery by distillation is an energy-intensive process, which has largely restricted the economic production of biobutanol. This article thus reviews the latest studies on butanol recovery techniques including gas stripping, liquid–liquid extraction, adsorption, and membrane-based techniques, which can be used for in situ recovery of inhibitory products to enhance butanol production. The productivity of the fermentation system is improved efficiently using the in situ recovery technology; however, the recovered butanol titer remains low due to the limitations from each one of these recovery technologies, especially when the feed butanol concentration is lower than 1 % (w/v). Therefore, several innovative multi-stage hybrid processes have been proposed and are discussed in this review. These hybrid processes including two-stage gas stripping and multi-stage pervaporation have high butanol selectivity, considerably higher energy and production efficiency, and should outperform the conventional processes using single separation step or method. The development of these new integrated processes will give a momentum for the sustainable production of industrial biobutanol.     

现代分离技术在抗生素提取中的应用

详细介绍了膜分离技术在抗生素分离提取中的应用进展,并简单阐明了高效毛细管电泳技术、双水相技术和反胶束萃取技术在抗生素提取中的应用情况。对这些现代分离技术的发展前景作了简要探讨。     

Current advances on fermentative biobutanol production using third generation feedstock

Biobutanol is gaining more attention as a potential alternative to ethanol, and the demand for fermentative biobutanol production has renewed interest. The main challenge faced in biobutanol production is the availability of feedstock. Using conventional agricultural biomass as feedstock is controversial and less efficient, while microalgae, the third generation feedstock, are considered promising feedstock for biobutanol production due to their high growth rate and high carbohydrates content. This review is primarily focused on biobutanol production by using carbohydrate-rich microalgal feedstock. Key technologies and challenges involved in producing butanol from microalgae are discussed in detail and future directions are also presented.     

In situ biobutanol recovery from clostridial fermentations: a critical review

Butanol is a precursor of many industrial chemicals, and a fuel that is more energetic, safer and easier to handle than ethanol. Fermentative biobutanol can be produced using renewable carbon sources such as agro-industrial residues and lignocellulosic biomass. Solventogenic clostridia are known as the most preeminent biobutanol producers. However, until now, solvent production through the fermentative routes is still not economically competitive compared to the petrochemical approaches, because the butanol is toxic to their own producer bacteria, and thus, the production capability is limited by the butanol tolerance of producing cells. In order to relieve butanol toxicity to the cells and improve the butanol production, many recovery strategies (either in situ or downstream of the fermentation) have been attempted by many researchers and varied success has been achieved. In this article, we summarize in situ recovery techniques that have been applied to butanol production through Clostridium fermentation, including liquid–liquid extraction, perstraction, reactive extraction, adsorption, pervaporation, vacuum fermentation, flash fermentation and gas stripping. We offer a prospective and an opinion about the past, present and the future of these techniques, such as the application of advanced membrane technology and use of recent extractants, including polymer solutions and ionic liquids, as well as the application of these techniques to assist the in situ synthesis of butanol derivatives.     

Enantioseparation of Racemic Flurbiprofen by Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction With Binary Chiral Selectors of L‐dioctyl Tartrate and L‐tryptophan

A novel method for chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers was developed using aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) coupled with biphasic recognition chiral extraction (BRCE). An aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) was used as an extracting solvent which was composed of ethanol (35.0% w/w) and ammonium sulfate (18.0% w/w). The chiral selectors in ATPS for BRCE consideration were L‐dioctyl tartrate and L‐tryptophan, which were screened from amino acids, β‐cyclodextrin derivatives, and L‐tartrate esters. Factors such as the amounts of L‐dioctyl tartrate and L‐tryptophan, pH, flurbiprofen concentration, and the operation temperature were investigated in terms of chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers. The optimum conditions were as follows: L‐dioctyl tartrate, 80 mg; L‐tryptophan, 40 mg; pH, 4.0; flurbiprofen concentration, 0.10 mmol/L; and temperature, 25 °C. The maximum separation factor α for flurbiprofen enantiomers could reach 2.34. The mechanism of chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers is discussed and studied. The results showed that synergistic extraction has been established by L‐dioctyl tartrate and L‐tryptophan, which enantioselectively recognized R‐ and S‐enantiomers in top and bottom phases, respectively. Compared to conventional liquid–liquid extraction, ATPE coupled with BRCE possessed higher separation efficiency and enantioselectivity without the use of any other organic solvents. The proposed method is a potential and powerful alternative to conventional extraction for separation of various enantiomers. Chirality 27:650–657, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Recent advances and state-of-the-art strategies in strain and process engineering for biobutanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum

Butanol as an advanced biofuel has gained great attention due to its environmental benefits and superior properties compared to ethanol. However, the cost of biobutanol production via conventional acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum is not economically competitive, which has hampered its industrial application. The strain performance and downstream process greatly impact the economics of biobutanol production. Although various engineered strains with carefully orchestrated metabolic and sporulation-specific pathways have been developed, none of them is ideal for industrial biobutanol production. For further strain improvement, it is necessary to develop advanced genome editing tools and a deep understanding of cellular functioning of genes in metabolic and regulatory pathways. Processes with integrated product recovery can increase fermentation productivity by continuously removing inhibitory products while generating butanol (ABE) in a concentrated solution. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in C. acetobutylicum strain engineering and process development focusing on in situ product recovery. With deep understanding of systematic cellular bioinformatics, the exploration of state-of-the-art genome editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas for targeted gene knock-out and knock-in would play a vital role in Clostridium cell engineering for biobutanol production. Developing advanced hybrid separation processes for in situ butanol recovery, which will be discussed with a detailed comparison of advantages and disadvantages of various recovery techniques, is also imperative to the economical development of biobutanol.     

抗癌药物紫杉醇的提取与分离纯化技术

本对紫杉醇的提取与分离纯化技术,包括柱层析法、薄层色谱法、沉淀法、胶束动电毛细管色普法、膜分离法、树脂吸附分离法、高速逆流色谱法、化学反应法和药理作用靶点法进行了较全面的综述。     

谷氨酸提取产业现状与无废化发展方向

谷氨酸提取的工艺路线及其技术对味精生产成本、质量和环境等因素的影响最为重要：现有“等电离交”工艺技术收率高,但存在辅料消耗大、废水多等缺陷;“浓缩等电转晶工艺”辅料消耗低、廒水少且质量好,但存在谷氨酸收率低的缺点;“喷浆造粒工艺”消除了高浓废水的污染,但又造成严重的废气污染,环境问题随着味精制造规模的扩大而呈加重趋势“谷氨酸提取无废低耗工艺”在清洁生产思想指导下,吸收现有技术的优点,整体谋求经济、环境和质量的集成,通过开发关键技术,形成成本低、质量好、无污染且易于工程放大的谷氨酸提取新型工艺路线。     

Separation of lactic acid from fermented broth by reactive extraction

The separation of lactic acid from complex fermentation broth was examined. Liquid–liquid extraction using reversible chemical complexation for reactive extraction was chosen to be the separation method. Over 50% yield of lactic acid was obtained from fermented broth in a single extraction step, when using the tertiary amine as the extractant, 1-dekanol as the diluent and trimethylamine (TMA) as the stripping solution. The effect of complex media on the extraction behaviour has hardly been examined previously.