烟草HD-ZIP转录因子HD20的克隆及纤维分化功能的研究

旨在揭示烟草HD20在植物纤维分化中的作用。基于前期烟草基因组数据库设计特异性引物,通过RT-PCR克隆获得基因cDNA序列,将其命名为HD20,NCBI登录号为KC339003。该基因全长762 bp,编码253个氨基酸,亚细胞定位于细胞核,其编码的HD-ZIP蛋白由2个不同的结构域组成,包括N末端含有60个氨基酸的HD结构域和其后28个氨基酸组成的ZIP基序。构建植物表达载体,通过农杆菌蘸花法遗传转化拟南芥,经筛选获得阳性转基因植株,其石蜡切片显示,茎部木质部较对照发达。HD20对烟草及拟南芥的纤维分化具有调控作用。     

天山雪莲LEA14基因克隆及功能分析

从天山雪莲叶片低温诱导的EST文库中获得了1个胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白基因(LEA)cDNA全长序列。序列分析表明,该基因含有1个468bp编码155个氨基酸的开放阅读框。NCBI保守域预测此蛋白属于LEA_2家族,命名为SiLEA14。系统进化分析表明,该蛋白与北柴胡的LEA-2蛋白亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR结果显示,SiLEA14表达量在低温、盐和干旱胁迫条件下迅速升高。亚细胞定位结果表明,SiLEA14蛋白定位于细胞核中。利用农杆菌介导法将该基因导入烟草,测定并分析转基因植株在冷冻和盐胁迫处理下的生理指标,结果表明,SiLEA14基因在烟草中的过量表达提高了烟草的抗冻和耐盐能力。     

转天山雪莲冷调节蛋白基因烟草的获得及其抗寒性鉴定

从已建立的天山雪莲cDNA文库中随机挑取单克隆,采用通用引物M13扩增出基因序列并测序,然后将该序列在GenBank中进行比对,根据该序列设计特异引物进行PCR,最终获得了冷调节蛋白基因siCOR的完整开放读码框(ORF);构建植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法获得转基因烟草,用RT-PCR对转化烟草进行鉴定,收取种子后筛选出纯合的T3株系,并通过冷冻胁迫进行抗寒性分析。结果表明:(1)siCOR大小661bp,与禾本科植物粳稻的冷调节蛋白基因一致性最高(65.04%)。(2)与野生型植株相比,转siCOR基因烟草均叶片浓绿、无分支侧芽,生长快;在冷冻胁迫条件下,转siCOR基因的烟草叶片相对含水量、PSⅡ相对量子产率降低幅度、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的升高幅度均低于野生型烟草植株,而且转siCOR基因烟草植株叶片出现萎蔫症状的时间较迟、程度较轻,受到的伤害也较轻。研究发现,在冷冻胁迫条件下,转siCOR基因烟草植株表现出良好的生理和生长优势,显示出了较强的抗寒特征。     

丹波黑大豆GmbHLH30转录因子耐铝功能初步研究

铝毒是酸性土壤作物生长的主要限制因素。前期研究发现,铝胁迫下,耐铝型丹波黑大豆SSH(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)cDNA文库中bHLH30转录因子基因上调表达,推测该基因与丹波黑大豆耐铝性相关。克隆GmbHLH30基因,构建GmbHLH30植物表达载体pK2-35S-GmbHLH30,并在烟草中过量表达获得转GmbHLH30的转基因烟草植株。在铝胁迫下,转GmbHLH30的转基因烟草相对根伸长率比野生型烟草大,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量高,H2O2水平低。表明GmbHLH30基因的过量表达可以增强植物的耐铝能力,暗示GmbHLH30转录因子参与调控植物的耐铝特性。     

油菜矮秆突变WRKY转录因子cDNA克隆及表达分析

以甘蓝型油菜为材料,利用已建立的抑制性消减文库(SSH),采用RACE技术克隆到1个植物WRKY转录因子相关基因,命名为BnD11,其cDNA全长1034 bp,含有810 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码269个氨基酸。该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥WRKY40氨基酸序列相似性为79%,与拟南芥中编码WRKY-DNA结合蛋白40基因的氨基酸序列相似性达78%,与其它多种植物的WRKY转录因子的氨基酸序列也有较高的相似性。半定量RT-PCR对BnD11进行组织特异性表达分析显示:在正常生长条件下,BnD11在野生型和矮秆油菜的各个组织中均有表达,但在矮秆突变的根、茎、茎尖的相对表达量明显高于野生型。研究表明,BnD11功能区段具有很高的保守性,可能参与了油菜的茎秆发育。     

烟草FIE和MSI1基因的克隆及序列分析

采用电子克隆与实验克隆结合的方法获得了烟草胚乳发育相关基因NTFIE和NTMSI1的cDNA序列,序列号分别为EU375458和EU375459.序列分析结果表明,这两个cDNA序列均含有完整的开放读码框,分别编码370和424个氨基酸,含有保守的WD基序.氨基酸序列比对和系统发育分析结果显示,不同物种之间FIE和MSI1基因编码氨基酸序列同源性都较高.组织表达分析结果表明,这两个基因均具有一定程度的组织表达特异性,NTFIE cDNA基因在花中的表达量最多,但在根和茎中未检测到表达,而NTMSI1 cDNA基因只在离体培养的细胞和根中特异性表达.     

胡杨Ring finger E3连接酶PeRH2提高烟草耐旱机制研究

近期研究表明泛素化在植物胁迫响应中扮演一个关键的角色。作为泛素-蛋白酶体系统(UPS)中的关键酶,泛素E3连接酶更是在细胞的新陈代谢中起着重要的作用。本文从胡杨中克隆了一个C端含有Ring finger结构域的蛋白(152个氨基酸)编码基因(Pe RH2),经过序列比对推断该基因编码产物为泛素E3连接酶,属于Ring finger家族中的Ring-H2构型。研究显示,甘露醇胡杨苗木在255 mmol/L甘露醇胁迫下,叶片Pe RH2表达量上调。拟南芥原生质体中瞬时表达融合质粒p Yellow0029-Pe RH2的研究表明,Pe RH2蛋白定位于细胞核。以农杆菌介导法将Pe RH2转入烟草,Sq RT-PCR结果显示,Pe RH2在转基因烟草中获得过表达。在255 mmol/L甘露醇处理下,转基因烟草幼苗耐受渗透胁迫的能力高于野生型和转空载体烟草。干旱处理后,转基因烟草的叶片保水力明显高于野生型和转空载体烟草,而叶片相对电导率、MDA的含量也要低于野生型和转空载体烟草。因此,过表达Pe RH2能够提高烟草的抗旱能力。     

烟草类锌指基因NtZFL基因的功能分析

从烟草cDNA中分离出一个类锌指基因NtZFL,开放读码框321 bp,编码106个氨基。QRT-PCR分析表明MV、H₂O₂、ABA、冷胁迫处理都提高了NtZFL在烟草的表达,Northern blot分析表明该基因在烟草的不同组织中具有组织特异性,在幼叶和花中表达量较高。亚细胞定位表明NtZFL蛋白是定位在细胞壁中的蛋白。NtZFL基因启动子驱动GUS基因转烟草植株显示在幼苗中整株有表达,但在根部和叶脉处表达量较高。     

石蒜儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因克隆与原核表达

采用同源克隆与RACE相结合的方法,首次从石蒜叶片中克隆到可能与加兰他敏生物合成相关的儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因,命名为LrCOMT。核酸序列分析显示,该cDNA全长1 246bp,开放阅读框1 101bp,编码366氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析与比对发现,LrCOMT编码的氨基酸序列具有COMT蛋白的特征区域,且与鸢尾、玉米、烟草等植物COMT的同源性大于60%。将LrCOMT基因连接到原核表达载体pET-29a上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)的原核表达结果显示,重组蛋白受IPTG诱导表达,分子量大小约为40kD,与已报道的其他植物COMT大小基本一致。     

定位于叶绿体的玉米ZmFDR3参与铁转运

铁是植物代谢中一种必需的营养元素,植物缺铁会表现出失绿等症状.ZmFDR3（Zea maize Fe-deficiency-related）是从缺铁诱导的玉米根cDNA文库中筛选到的铁转运相关基因.玉米根中,缺铁胁迫下ZmFDR3加强表达.异源互补实验表明,ZmFDR3与铁转运有关.序列分析表明,ZmFDR3蛋白与细菌Ⅲ型分泌系统的FliN有同源结构域,并预测定位在叶绿体类囊体中.通过转基因烟草的荧光免疫细胞定位,ZmFDR3主要存在于根、茎、叶的质体,尤其是保卫细胞的叶绿体中;转基因烟草的光合指标高于野生型;转基因烟草类囊体的基质片层垛叠较野生型的紧密;测定叶片、种子铁锌含量发现转基因烟草的铁含量高于野生型.因此,推测ZmFDR3定位在叶绿体中,参与叶绿体的铁转运。     

Microbial hydroxylation. I. Hydroxylation of aniline byAspergillus alliaceus,A. albertensis andA. terreus

Summary Six hundred and seventy microorganisms were screened for the ability to perform stereoselective aromatic hydroxylation reactions of industrial significance, using aniline as a model substrate. TLC and HPLC analyses with diode array detection were used to identify and characterize hydroxylase activities. Of 79 cultures belonging to the speciesAspergillus alliaceus, A. albertensis, andA. terreus, 26 strains produced 2-aminophenol. Thirty strains were able to hydroxylate aniline in thepara position. Five strains ofA. terreus produced an unidentified phenolic compound in high yield.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

Genome analysis ofElymus angulatus andE. patagonicus (Poaceae) and their hybrids with N. and S. AmericanHordeum spp.

The results of genome analysis of five hybrids, viz.Elymus patagonicus ×Hordeum procerum, E. patagonicus ×H. tetraploidum, E. angulatus ×H. jubatum, E. angulatus ×H. lechleri, andE. angulatus ×H. parodii, are reported. The genomic constitution ofHordeum tetraploidum andH. jubatum is best given as H₁H₁H₂H₂, ofH. lechleri andH. parodii as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₄H₄, ofH. procerum as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₃H₃, and ofElymus patagonicus andE. angulatus as SSH₁H₁H₂H₂.     

Androecial development and systematics inFlacourtiaceae s. l.

Androecial development of 13 species belonging to six tribes ofFlacourtiaceae has been investigated. While inScolopieae andFlacourtieae the stamens develop centrifugally, inErythrospermeae, Oncobeae andPangieae they are initiated in a centripetal sequence or a sequence that is neither distinctly centripetal nor centrifugal. The distribution of these developmental patterns coincides with the distribution of other characters (e.g. cyanogenic compounds, salicoid leaf teeth) and therefore supports a split of the family intoFlacourtiaceae s. str. (containing theScolopieae, Homalieae, Prockieae, Flacourtieae, Casearieae andBembicieae) andKiggelariaceae (withErythrospermeae, Oncobeae andPangieae) and is in accordance with results of recentrbcL studies.     

Novel facultative anaerobic acidotolerant Telmatospirillum siberiense gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from mesotrophic fen

Three facultative anaerobic acidotolerant Gram-negative motile spirilla strains designated 26-4b1, 26-2 and K-1 were isolated from mesotrophic Siberian fen as a component of methanogenic consortia. The isolates were found to grow chemoorganotrophically on several organic acids and glucose under anoxic and low oxygen pressure in the dark, tolerant up to 5kPa of oxygen. At low oxygen supply, faint autotrophic growth on the H(2):CO(2) mixture was also observed. All three isolates were able to fix N(2). Major cellular fatty acids were 18:1 omega7c, 17:0 cyclopropane and 16:0. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they formed a deep branch within the family Rhodospirillaceae of the Alphaproteobacteria with the highest similarity of 90.9-92.5% with members of genera Phaeospirillum and Magnetospirillum. Phylogenetic study of nifH (nitrogenase) and cbbL (RuBisCO) amino acid sequence identities confirmed that the new isolates represent a novel group. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strains 26-4b1, 26-2 and K-1 represent a new species of a novel genus for which the name Telmatospirillum siberiense gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed.     

Taxonomic studies on three marine pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus bergeri nov. spec., L. blattereri nov. spec. and L. petzi nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Pleurostomatida) from North China Sea

The morphology and infraciliature of three pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus bergeri nov. spec., L. blattereri nov. spec. and L. petzi nov. spec., collected from mariculture ponds near Qingdao (Tsingtao), China, were investigated using live observations and the protargol impregnation method. These new species are distinguished from their congeners by a combination of characters including the typical distribution of extrusomes, i.e., along entire ventral margin, the number of macronuclear nodules, features and number of somatic kineties, living morphology, number and position of contractile vacuoles and their marine biotopes. Considering the distribution of extrusomes and general morphology, five new combinations are suggested, Litonotus vermiforme (Sauerbrey, 1928) nov. comb. [basionym: Loxophyllum vermiforme Sauerbrey, 1928], Litonotus levigatum (Sauerbrey, 1928) nov. comb. [basionym: Loxophyllum levigatum Sauerbrey, 1928], Litonotus undulatum (Sauerbrey, 1928) nov. comb. [basionym: Loxophyllum undulatum Sauerbrey, 1928], Loxophyllum pictus (Gruber, 1884) nov. comb. [basionym: Litonotus pictus Gruber, 1884] and Loxophyllum trichocystiferus (Foissner, 1984) nov. comb. [basionym: Litonotus trichocystiferus Foissner, 1984].     

Cylindrocladium angustatum sp. nov., a new leaf spot pathogen ofTillandsia capitata from Florida, U.S.A.

Cylindrocladium angustatum is described as a new species fromTillandsia introduced with plant material into the U.S.A. from Central America. Koch's postulates are established to prove its pathogenicity to this host. The species is compared with and distinguished fromC. heptaseptatum andC. rumohrae based on morphology, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of sequence data of the beta-tubulin gene.     

Phytophthora captiosa sp. nov. and P. fallax sp. nov. causing crown dieback of Eucalyptus in New Zealand

A locally severe crown disease of exotic plantation Eucalyptus trees has been recorded periodically in New Zealand since 1986. Symptoms include leaf spots, petiole infection and twig and small branch lesions. Outbreaks of disease are episodic and individual trees may show marked variation in crown symptoms ranging from unaffected to total defoliation. Two previously unknown species of Phytophthora are associated with the disease. These are described and formally designated here as P. captiosa, from Eucalyptus botryoides and E. saligna; and P. fallax, from E. delegatensis, E. fastigata, E. nitens and E. regnans. Both P. captiosa and P. fallax have non-papillate, non-caducous sporangia and both are self-fertile. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of ITS rDNA sequence data indicates they are closely related to each other but evolutionarily distant from the majority of described Phytophthora taxa. They share a common ancestor with another assemblage of Phytophthora lineages that includes P. insolita, P. macrochlamydospora and P. richardiae. Sporulation of P. captiosa and P. fallax has not been observed in the field. The mode of infection and spread of these non-caducous Phytophthora species in the eucalypt tree canopy remains unknown. This issue, and the possible geographic origins of these two Phytophthora species are discussed.     

Comparisons of the hybrids Hordeum chilensexH. vulgare,H. chilensexH. bulbosum,H. chilensexSecale cereale and the amphidiploid of H. chilensexH. vulgare

Summary Diploid hybrids between Hordeum chilense and three other species, namely H. vulgare, H. bulbosum and Secale cereale, are described together with the amphidiploid of H. chilensexH. vulgare. Both the diploid hybrid and the amphidiploid of H. chilensexH. vulgare were chromosomally unstable, H. chilensexH. bulbosum was less so, while H. chilensexS. cereale was stable. Differential amphiplasty was found in all combinations. No homoeologous pairing was found in the Hordeum hybrids but in H. chilensexS. cereale there was chromosome pairing both within the two genomes and between the genomes.     

Morphological differentiation ofFusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu stricto,F. torulosum (Berk. & Curt.) Nirenberg comb. nov. andF. venenatum Nirenberg sp. nov.

WithinFusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu lato three species were differentiated:F. sambucinum Fuckel s. str.,F. torulosum (Berk. et Curt.) Nirenberg comb. nov. andF. venenatum Nirenberg sp. nov. They are described and illustrated in detail.