灰葡萄孢菌激发子pebC1在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其生物活性分析

为了实现激发子PebC1编码基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,采用PCR方法从灰葡萄孢菌BC-4-2-2-1菌株中扩增获得激发子PebC1的编码序列,将其亚克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,以此片段构建了pPIC9K-pebC1重组表达质粒。重组表达质粒经Bgl Ⅱ线性化处理,电击转化至毕赤酵母宿主菌GS115,经MD、G418-YPD平板和PCR法筛选,获得了重组毕赤酵母菌GS115/pPIC9K-pebC1。用甲醇诱导重组酵母菌表达目标蛋白,发酵液经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,在约39 kDa处出现特异目标条带。Western blotting检测结果说明,重组表达产物具有良好的抗原性。生物活性检测表明,酵母重组表达蛋白PebC1能够诱导拟南芥和黄瓜幼苗对灰霉病的抗性。     

人精氨酸酶在毕赤酵母的高效表达、纯化和活性研究

目的：人精氨酸酶（Arginase, Arg）的基因arg在毕赤酵母高效分泌表达,建立相应纯化工艺路线,研究重组人精氨酸酶的活性。方法：将人精氨酸酶基因arg按正确的阅读框架插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9α信号肽基因后,构建得到重组毕赤酵母表达质粒。转化毕赤酵母GS115筛选高表达菌株。结果：成功构建了酵母表达载体pPIC-Arg,转化毕赤酵母GS115后筛选到分泌表达目的蛋白Arg的菌株,目标蛋白可以分泌到培养基中。经过膜过滤和凝胶过滤层析对培养基上清进行纯化,即可获得纯度达到95%的活性产物。活性测定表明,纯化的Arg比活性为310 IU/mg。结论：成功构建了Arg的毕赤酵母高效表达菌种,建立了目标物质的分离纯化工艺。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因B和C抗原位点片段在毕赤酵母中的表达

采用基因重组的方法构建了含有猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因B和C抗原位点片段的巴斯德毕赤酵母Pichiapastoris分泌型表达载体pPIC9K-ts,经线性化后采用电穿孔法将其导入毕赤酵母GS115中,大量筛选后获得高效表达外源蛋白的毕赤酵母工程菌株GS115/pPIC9K-ts。表达蛋白经Dot-ELISA检测具有良好的抗原性。本研究为TGE的血清学检测方法的建立提供了必要的物质基础。     

人胸腺素α1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据质粒pPIC9K中信号肽基因和质粒pPIC3.5K/hTα1-RP,构建表达质粒pPIC9K/S-hTα1-RP,通过电激法转化到毕赤酵母GS115菌株中。甲醇诱导表达融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果证明,重组基因hTα1-RP在酵母中得到了表达。     

极细链格孢菌peaT1基因在毕赤酵母中的表达与功能 分析

建立了在毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)中分泌表达PeaT1蛋白的技术。将来源于极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)的基因peaT1亚克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K,构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-peaT1,分别用SalI或BglII酶切线性化后电击转入毕赤酵母GS115菌株中,经MD平板筛选、PCR鉴定获得整合有外源基因的重组菌株。在α-Factor及AOX1基因启动子和终止信号的调控下,PeaT1在酵母中大量表达并分泌到胞外,SDS-PAGE检测表明表达蛋白的表观分子量约为35kD。表达蛋白上清稀释液能诱导烟草产生对TMV的抗性,其枯斑数抑制率可达到30.37%。每升表达上清液经超滤浓缩和离子交换层析可纯化目的蛋白16.13mg,该纯化蛋白能显著地促进小麦幼苗的生长。     

重组人白细胞介素21在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及活性分析

为了获得有活性的重组人白细胞介素21(rhIL-21),本研究建立了在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中分泌表达rhIL-21的技术。首先,通过RT-PCR从人外周血淋巴细胞中扩增IL-21cDNA,克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建了重组酵母表达载体pPIC9K-hIL21 cDNA;然后,线性化的载体转化毕赤酵母表达菌株GS115,经抗性梯度筛选获得了多拷贝重组酵母菌;加入甲醇诱导培养后,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测到培养液中有rhIL-21的分泌表达,相对分子量约为16kD,ELISA结果显示摇瓶表达量可达229.28mg/L;表达上清经阳离子交换介质SPSepharose Fast Flow纯化后,目的蛋白纯度达到95%。细胞增殖试验结果显示该rhIL-21联合刀豆蛋白A(ConA)对人淋巴细胞的增殖具有显著的促进作用。本研究首次成功在毕赤酵母表达系统中分泌表达了有生物活性的rhIL-21,为相关疾病免疫治疗的研究奠定了基础。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型糖蛋白D在酵母中的表达

从提取的HSV-1基因组中扩增得到编码gD蛋白胞外区1～314aa的基因gDt,将其插入毕赤酵母表达质粒pPIC9K的醇氧化酶(AOX1)启动子下游,构建携带gDt的重组载体,经电转化GS115菌株和G418筛选,得到了高效分泌表达gD蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株,表达量达到250mg/L,该目的蛋白可被gD单抗(1-I-9)特异性识别。表达产物经离子交换、金属螯合、分子筛柱层析纯化后得到纯度较高的重组蛋白。重组gD蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠可诱生一定水平的特异性抗体,表明该蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,能够诱导小鼠产生体液免疫应答。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型糖蛋白D在酵母中的表达

从提取的HSV-1基因组中扩增得到编码gD蛋白胞外区1～314aa的基因gDt,将其插入毕赤酵母表达质粒pPIC9K的醇氧化酶(AOX1)启动子下游,构建携带gDt的重组载体,经电转化GS115菌株和G418筛选,得到了高效分泌表达gD蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株,表达量达到250mg/L,该目的蛋白可被gD单抗(1-I-9)特异性识别.表达产物经离子交换、金属螯合、分子筛柱层析纯化后得到纯度较高的重组蛋白.重组gD蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠可诱生一定水平的特异性抗体,表明该蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,能够诱导小鼠产生体液免疫应答.     

毕赤酵母STE13基因敲除对GGH表达及其生物活性的影响

目的:重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIC9K-GGH表达的人胰高血糖素样肽-1-人血清白蛋白融合蛋白[(GLP-1 A2G)2-HSA,GGH]的细胞活性测评结果显示生物活性较低,这可能与其表达过程中蛋白降解有一定关联.通过对毕赤酵母GS115 STE13基因的敲除,获得一株完整表达蛋白GGH的毕赤酵母宿主,并进一步提高其表达产物GGH的生物活性.方法:采用基于PCR技术介导的Cre-Loxp系统重组技术成功敲除宿主菌GS115的STE13基因,得到一株STE13缺陷型菌株GS115/D13,并通过细胞活性测评系统检测GS115/D13表达产物GGH的生物活性.结果:通过对STE13基因缺陷型菌株GS115/D13与出发菌株GS115/W发酵表达对比,显示GS115/D13菌株表达融合蛋白GGH生物活性有明显提升,且表达量提高了25.8％,两菌株生长无明显差异.结论:STE13基因的敲除成功缓解了GGH表达过程中的降解问题,并相对出发菌株GS115/W大幅度提高了蛋白生物活性.     

用P.pastoris表达L-阿拉伯糖异构酶及其酶活性分析

目的:用毕赤酵母表达L-阿拉伯糖异构酶。方法:用PCR法扩增大肠杆菌的L-阿拉伯糖异构酶基因,构建含L-阿拉伯糖异构酶基因的毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K-ai。通过电转法将pPIC9K-ai转化毕赤酵母GS115基因组。先筛选出高G418抗性的克隆,然后再从高拷贝的克隆中筛选出高表达重组L-阿拉伯糖异构酶的重组子作为工程菌GS115(pPIC9K-ai)。结果:在甲醇诱导下,摇瓶发酵GS115(pPIC9K-ai)3d,分泌表达L-阿拉伯糖异构酶32 mg/L。结论:毕赤酵母表达的L-阿拉伯糖异构酶具有转化D-半乳糖为D-塔格糖的生物活性。每升GS115(pPIC9K-ai)发酵液能转化D-半乳糖生成30 mgD-塔格糖。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.