JC病毒衣壳蛋白VP1多克隆抗体的制备

目的制备pET-32a(+)-VP1蛋白的多克隆抗体。方法用纯化后的VP1蛋白分4次免疫兔子,颈动脉插管法取血,制得多克隆抗体。结果用ELISA法和Western blot鉴定多克隆抗体的效价得1?320000。该抗体可以用Western blot法检测出59 kD左右的VP1蛋白。结论成功制备高效价的JC病毒衣壳蛋白VP1多克隆抗体。     

人细小病毒B19病毒样颗粒的制备

采用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统,制备人细小病毒B19病毒样颗粒(VLPs)。先通过PCR方法合成细小病毒B19衣壳蛋白基因VP2,将其克隆到pFastBac1质粒,然后转化含杆状病毒穿梭载体Bacmid的E.coliDH10Bac感受态细胞,获得重组杆状病毒表达质粒Bacmid-VP2。在脂质体介导下转染Sf9昆虫细胞,包装重组杆状病毒rBac-VP2。利用rBac-VP2感染Sf9细胞表达B19VP2蛋白,通过间接免疫荧光、Western blotting等方法鉴定目的蛋白表达。采用两次超速离心的方法对表达产物进行纯化,纯化产物在透射电镜下可见直径约22nm的VLPs。本研究成功制备了人细小病毒B19的VLPs,为B19感染血清学检测方法的建立提供了参考。     

人类细小病毒B19壳蛋白VP2在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

利用BAC-TO-BAC系统获得了人类细小病毒B19壳蛋白VP2的重组昆虫杆状病毒,并在sf9细胞中表达出VP2。用蚀斑法纯化病毒,终末稀释法测定病毒滴度为3.6×108。Western印迹检测证实了表达蛋白的特异性,间接免疫荧光法可观察到细胞胞浆中的表达蛋白颗粒。     

抗细小病毒B19-VP2单克隆抗体的建立

制备抗细小病毒B19－VP2单克隆抗体,用于检测人血清中的B19抗原,辅助诊断相关疾病;也可用于制备人类细小病毒基因工程疫苗。用纯化的基因工程表达的B19－VP2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠的脾细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤Sp2/0细胞融合,有限稀释法克隆细胞。ELISA及IF证明抗体特异性。克隆筛选出4株细胞,并初步建立了检测B19－VP2抗原的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验,为双抗体夹心法检测B19抗原为临床相关疾病诊断提供了检测手段。     

细小病毒B19壳抗原VP2在大肠杆菌中的表达及血清学检测

为了进行B19感染临床的血清学诊断,利用原核表达载体PQE31克隆和表达B19壳蛋白VP2,酶切鉴定PCR产物及PQE31-VP2克隆的正确性,Western-blot证明表达蛋白的特异性,并对其表达条件和纯化条件进行了优选。在D600为0.7,诱导时间为5h时表达量最高。Ni2+亲和色谱,用0.5mol/L咪唑洗脱液洗脱,获得纯化蛋白。利用纯化蛋白检测100份人群血清,免疫斑点法结果为阳性94例,阴性6例;ELISA结果为阳性84例,阴性16例,两种方法结果一致(0.25>P>0.1)。     

诺如病毒NV衣壳蛋白VP1表达纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的 获得纯化的诺如病毒（NV）衣壳蛋白VP1,免疫动物制备多克隆抗体。方法 提取粪便样品中诺如病毒RNA,逆转录得到cDNA文库,通过PCR扩增获取VP1基因序列,构建到大肠埃希菌原核表达系统中诱导表达重组VP1蛋白。使用镍柱亲和层析法对重组蛋白进行纯化,十二烷基磺酸钠‒聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和考马斯亮蓝法（BSA）对重组蛋白的纯度与浓度进行分析,以重组的VP1蛋白为抗原,免疫雄性SPF级SD大鼠获得多抗血清,用ELISA测定抗体效价、Western blot检测抗体特异性。结果 成功地构建出重组表达载体VP1-pET28a,并将其在大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）中稳定地表达诱导重组蛋白。ELISA测其多抗血清的平均效价为1∶200000,Western blot检测抗体在原核和真核特异性很高。结论 本实验成功地利用原核表达系统表达诺如病毒衣壳蛋白VP1,为进一步研究诺如病毒的诊断和疫苗开发提供了条件。     

鹅细小病毒vp2基因片段在原核系统中的表达及多克隆抗体的制备

根据鹅细小病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV)中国分离株HG5/82基因序列,设计引物,利用PCR技术扩增出HG5/82株vp2基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后,转化入感受态细胞TG1中增殖.筛选阳性质粒,将其与原核表达载体pPROEXTMHTb分别用Nco Ⅰ酶切后回收目的片断,进行定向连接,产物转化入感受态DH5α,重组质粒经酶切和测序证实目的基因正确克隆到表达载体的预期位点且插入方向正确,构建了含有HG5/82主要结构基因vp2 5'端969bp片段的原核表达载体.经IPTG诱导后表达出与预期大小相符的约36kDa的融合蛋白,表达形式为包涵体.薄层扫描结果表明表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的21.4%.包涵体通过6mol/L盐酸胍裂解后,利用镍离子亲和树脂进行纯化,用纯化的分子量为36kDa的融合蛋白免疫新西兰白兔,制备兔抗鹅细小病毒部分结构蛋白多克隆抗体.Western blot分析表明该多克隆抗体与HG5/82毒株具有反应性,说明该融合蛋白具有抗原性.     

鹅细小病毒vp2基因片段在原核系统中的表达及多克隆抗体的制备

根据鹅细小病毒(Gooseparvovirus,GPV)中国分离株HG5/82基因序列,设计引物,利用PCR技术扩增出HG5/82株vp2基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后,转化入感受态细胞TG1中增殖。筛选阳性质粒,将其与原核表达载体pPROEXTMHTb分别用NcoI酶切后回收目的片断,进行定向连接,产物转化入感受态DH5α,重组质粒经酶切和测序证实目的基因正确克隆到表达载体的预期位点且插入方向正确,构建了含有HG5/82主要结构基因vp25’端969bp片段的原核表达载体。经IPTG诱导后表达出与预期大小相符的约36kDa的融合蛋白,表达形式为包涵体。薄层扫描结果表明表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的21.4%。包涵体通过6mol/L盐酸胍裂解后,利用镍离子亲和树脂进行纯化,用纯化的分子量为36kDa的融合蛋白免疫新西兰白兔,制备兔抗鹅细小病毒部分结构蛋白多克隆抗体。Westernblot分析表明该多克隆抗体与HG5/82毒株具有反应性,说明该融合蛋白具有抗原性。     

不同载体表达的人类细小病毒B19壳蛋白VP2的抗原性比较研究

构建表达质粒pcDNA3 VP2,将其转染CHO细胞建立了稳定表达的细胞系;用间接免疫荧光法和Western印迹证明了表达的VP2蛋白的特异性。对昆虫杆状病毒系统表达的VP2蛋白作初步纯化。分别用由大肠杆菌、CHO细胞和昆虫杆状病毒表达系统表达的VP2蛋白,以间接免疫荧光法和ELISA法检测人群血清中的VP2抗体,结果表明,间接免疫荧光法的敏感性高于ELISA法。     

大肠杆菌 LT B亚基基因表达载体对犬细小病毒VP2 DNA疫苗免疫应答的增强作用

【目的】通过融合基因表达载体和共免疫基因表达载体研究大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素(LT)B亚基基因对犬细小病毒VP2DNA疫苗免疫应答的影响。【方法】提取大肠杆菌44815菌株基因组DNA,通过PCR方法从基因组DNA中扩增LTB基因,同时采用PCR方法从含有犬细小病毒VP2基因的质粒中扩增VP2的主要抗原表位基因(VP2-70,编码70个氨基酸)。将上述基因分别连接到含有人CD5信号肽序列的载体pcDNA-CD5sp上,分别构建成它们的分泌型真核表达载体,pcDNA-CD5sp-LTB和pcDNA-CD5sp-VP2-70。再利用酶切连接的方法构建LTB与VP2-70融合的真核表达载体pcDNACD5sp-LTB-VP2-70。然后用pcDNACD5sp-VP2-70(VP2-70组)、pcDNACD5sp-LTB-VP2-70(VP2-LTB融合组)、pcDNA-CD5sp-LTB/pcDNACD5sp-VP2-70(VP2-LTB共免疫组)和pcDNA3.1A(空载体对照组)分别免疫小鼠。免疫后用间接ELISA检测不同时间小鼠血清的抗体水平,用MTT方法检测小鼠免疫5周后脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖活性。【结果】经过测序表明本研究扩增的LTB和VP2基因序列和构建的相关表达载体结构正确。通过Western-blot检测证明构建的表达载体均能介导相应基因在真核细胞进行分泌表达。ELISA检测结果表明,3组实验组小鼠接受VP2DNA疫苗免疫后均能产生特异的体液免疫应答反应,特别是VP2-LTB基因融合组小鼠的抗体水平在第5周时高达1:5120,明显高于其它两组(P<0.01)。3组免疫小鼠抗体的亚型均表现IgG1抗体水平明显高于IgG2a抗体水平(P<0.01)。淋巴细胞增殖实验结果表明,在ConA的刺激下,3组免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞刺激指数均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),说明VP2DNA疫苗能够引起淋巴细胞的增殖。但3组免疫小鼠之间的刺激指数没有明显差异(P>0.05)。【结论】在小鼠体内,LTB基因表达载体可明显提高CPVVP2DNA疫苗的体液免疫应答水平。     

犬CTLA-4胞外区的分子克隆、表达和对犬细小病毒VP2的免疫佐剂作用

[目的]探索犬细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4,CTLA-4)胞外区作为免疫佐剂的可行性.[方法]根据已发表序列设计引物,用RT-PCR扩增CTLA-4胞外区编码序列,用PCR扩增犬细小病毒(canine parvovirus,CPV)VP2蛋白主要抗原表位基因片段VP2S,将VP2S克隆入含和不含CTLA-4胞外区基因片段的原核表达质粒pQE-31;用获得的重组质粒pQE-CTLA-4-VP2S和pQE-VP2S转化大肠杆菌,并进行诱导表达;用相同剂量的重组蛋白VP2S和CTLA-4-VP2S免疫小鼠.用间接ELISA和血凝抑制试验比较两个免疫组的抗体水平.[结果]经过30次循环PCR扩增后,琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示预期大小的扩增产物;序列测定结果显示,克隆的毕格犬CTLA-4胞外区与已发表序列的核苷酸同源性为99.2%,氨基酸序列同源性为98.4%,结合B7分子的六肽基序(MYPPPY)无变化:VP2S与已发表CPV VP2的核苷酸序列同源性为99%,氨基酸序列同源性为98.6%:经IPTG诱导后,两种重组大肠杆菌表达预期的29kDa VP2S和42kDaCTLA-4-VP2S重组蛋白,两者均能被CPV抗血清识别;间接ELISA和血凝抑制试验结果显示,CTLA-4-VP2S免疫组的抗体产生时间为初免后第2周,抗体高峰期为初免后第4周,而VP2S免疫组的抗体产生时间为初免后第4周,抗体高峰期为初免后第5周,两个试验组高峰期ELISA抗体效价和血凝抑制抗体效价分别相差100倍和10倍.[结论]犬CTLA-4胞外区可作为分子佐剂促进CPV VP2蛋白抗体的产生.     

人细小病毒B19与自然流产关系的研究

无菌留取 5 4例自然流产妇女和 43例妊娠无异常孕妇血清 ,用聚合酶链反应 (PolymeraseChainReaction ,PCR)检测的人细小病毒B19(HumanParvovirusB19,B19)DNA ,在自然流产组中人细小病毒B19DNA有 15例阳性 ,阳性率为 2 7.78%。正常对照组中 ,人细小病毒B19DNA有 2例为阳性 ,阳性率为 4.65 % ,用x2 检验 ,x2 =8.86,P <0 .0 1,两组有非常显著性差异。由此总结 ,人细小病毒B19感染可能是导致自然流产的原因之一     

In situ hybridization for the detection of human parvovirus B19 nucleic acid sequences in paraffin-embedded specimens

Parvovirus infection of pregnant women leading to a transplacentar infection of the fetus may result in hydrops fetalis, and ultimately in intrauterine death of the fetus. In situ hybridization with a biotinylated as well as with a³⁵S-labeled probe for human parvovirus B19 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from a fetus suffering from non-immunologic hydrops fetalis. Histology was suggestive of viral infection probably with human parvovirus. Parvovirus DNA could be detected and precisely localized mainly in the nuclei of erythroid precursors cells within fetal blood vessels of all organs examined. There was no detection of B19 nucleic acid in parenchymal cells of the placenta or the fetal organs, nor within maternal blood cells. These findings are in agreement with the well-known properties of animal parvoviruses to replicate exclusively in proliferating cells. Taking into consideration the problems in diagnosing human parvovirus infection by light microscopy, we conclude that in situ hybridization with an appropriate non-radioactive probe is a valuable, rapid and safe complementary detection method for the diagnosis and study of human parvovirus infections. The³⁵S-labeled probe is more sensitive than the biotinylated probe, but has the disadvantages of lower resolution of the signal, longer duration of the assay, the hazard of radioactivity and the shorter shelflife of the probe.     

Phospholipase A2-like activity of human bocavirus VP1 unique region

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a new parvovirus first discovered in 2005, which is associated with acute respiratory infection. Analysis of sequence homology has revealed that a putative phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) motif exists in the VP1 unique region of HBoV. However, little is known about whether the VP1 unique region of HBoV has PLA₂ enzymatic activity and how these critical residues contribute to its PLA₂ activity. To address these issues, the VP1 unique region protein and four of its mutants, were expressed in Eschericha coli. The purified VP1 unique protein (VP1U) showed a typical Ca²⁺-dependent secreted PLA₂-like (sPLA₂) activity, which was inhibited by sPLA₂-specific inhibitors in a time-dependent manner. Mutation of one of the amino acids (21Pro, 41His, 42Asp or 63Asp) in VP1U almost eliminated the sPLA₂ activity of HBoV VP1U. These data indicate that VP1U of HBoV has sPLA₂-like enzymatic activity, and these residues are crucial for its sPLA₂-like activity. Potentially, VP1U may be a target for the development of anti-viral drugs for HBoV.     

灰飞虱内生病毒HiPV外壳蛋白VP1多克隆抗体的制备及在病毒检测中的应用

【目的】前期发现水稻条纹病毒(rice stripe virus, RSV)可与介体灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus体内的HiPV病毒(Himetobi P virus, HiPV)互作。本研究旨在制备HiPV外壳蛋白VP1的多克隆抗体,并评估其在HiPV病毒检测中的可用性,以为深入研究HiPV-RSV和HiPV-灰飞虱的互作机制提供技术支持。【方法】以RT-PCR方法从灰飞虱成虫体内扩增HiPV主要外壳蛋白基因VP1,然后将VP1基因亚克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a中,构建表达载体pET-VP1。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导、Ni²⁺-NTA亲和层析纯化,获得重组蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔,制备抗体。【结果】从灰飞虱体内克隆到774 bp的HiPV外壳蛋白基因VP1,经原核表达、纯化,获得分子量约47.5 kD的融合蛋白,免疫新西兰大白兔后获得VP1多克隆抗体。该抗体间接ELISA效价达1∶819 200,与HiPV外壳蛋白VP1有特异性反应,而与灰飞虱蛋白无交叉反应。利用该多克隆抗体建立了检测单头灰飞虱成虫体内HiPV的Western blot和免疫捕获RT-PCR方法,检测结果显示HiPV在携带和不携带RSV的灰飞虱高亲和性群体内均广泛存在。【结论】利用制备的HiPV的VP1多克隆抗体可特异性检测灰飞虱体内HiPV。本研究为HiPV病毒的快速检测以及HiPV-RSV互作、HiPV-灰飞虱互作研究提供了技术支持。     

In vitro studies on chemoprotective effect of borax against aflatoxin B1-induced genetic damage in human lymphocytes

A common dietary contaminant, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), has been shown to be a potent mutagen and carcinogen in humans and many animal species. Since the eradication of AFB1 contamination in agricultural products has been rare, the use of natural or synthetic free radical scavengers could be a potential chemopreventive strategy. Boron compounds like borax (BX) and boric acid are the major components of industry and their antioxidant role has recently been reported. In the present report, we evaluated the capability of BX to inhibit the rate of micronucleus (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formations induced by AFB1. There were significant increases (P < 0.05) in both SCE and MN frequencies of cultures treated with AFB1 (3.12 ppm) as compared to controls. However, co-application of BX (1, 2 and 5 ppm) and AFB1 resulted in decreases of SCE and MN rates as compared to the group treated with AFB1 alone. Borax gave 30–50 % protection against AFB1 induced SCEs and MNs. In conclusion, the support of borax was especially useful in aflatoxin-toxicated blood tissue. Thus, the risk on target tissues of AFB1 could be reduced and ensured early recovery from its toxicity.     

Expression of KCNQ1OT1, CDKN1C,H19, and PLAGL1 and the methylation patterns at the KvDMR1 and H19/IGF2 imprinting control regions is conserved between human and bovine

Background

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a loss-of-imprinting pediatric overgrowth syndrome. The primary features of BWS include macrosomia, macroglossia, and abdominal wall defects. Secondary features that are frequently observed in BWS patients are hypoglycemia, nevus flammeus, polyhydramnios, visceromegaly, hemihyperplasia, cardiac malformations, and difficulty breathing. BWS is speculated to occur primarily as the result of the misregulation of imprinted genes associated with two clusters on chromosome 11p15.5, namely the KvDMR1 and H19/IGF2. A similar overgrowth phenotype is observed in bovine and ovine as a result of embryo culture. In ruminants this syndrome is known as large offspring syndrome (LOS). The phenotypes associated with LOS are increased birth weight, visceromegaly, skeletal defects, hypoglycemia, polyhydramnios, and breathing difficulties. Even though phenotypic similarities exist between the two syndromes, whether the two syndromes are epigenetically similar is unknown. In this study we use control Bos taurus indicus X Bos taurus taurus F1 hybrid bovine concepti to characterize baseline imprinted gene expression and DNA methylation status of imprinted domains known to be misregulated in BWS. This work is intended to be the first step in a series of experiments aimed at determining if LOS will serve as an appropriate animal model to study BWS.

Results

The use of F1 B. t. indicus x B. t. taurus tissues provided us with a tool to unequivocally determine imprinted status of the regions of interest in our study. We found that imprinting is conserved between the bovine and human in imprinted genes known to be associated with BWS. KCNQ1OT1 and PLAGL1 were paternally-expressed while CDKN1C and H19 were maternally-expressed in B. t. indicus x B. t. taurus F1 concepti. We also show that in bovids, differential methylation exists at the KvDMR1 and H19/IGF2 ICRs.

Conclusions

Based on these findings we conclude that the imprinted gene expression of KCNQ1OT1, CDKN1C, H19, and PLAGL1 and the methylation patterns at the KvDMR1 and H19/IGF2 ICRs are conserved between human and bovine. Future work will determine if LOS is associated with misregulation at these imprinted loci, similarly to what has been observed for BWS.     

Spectroscopic analysis on the effect of temperature on Kunitz domain 1 of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2

The conformation of Kunitz domain 1 of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (hTFPI-2/KD1) has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that hTFPI-2/KD1 contained approximately 17% s-helices, 24% β-strands, 46% random coils, 13% β-turns, and two kinds of disulfide bonds (ggg and tgt) at 25℃. The detailed conformational changes of the heated protein observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy revealed that hTFPI-2/KD1 was thermally stable. However, KD1 could form an intermediate form at high temperature, then return to its normal conformation when the temperature was lowered. Activity assays also showed that hTFPI-2/KD1 was able to keep its inhibitory activity on plasmin after being heated to 80℃ for 5min.