四川华蓥山地区长兴期腕足动物

四川华蓥山地区二叠纪长兴期地层中共采获腕足动物９０种４４属,其中１０新种,新亚种,根据这些丰富的化石材料,文章分析了该区长兴期腕足动物群的性质面貌,并与国内同期灰岩相腕足动物群进行了对比。同时对本区长兴期腕足动物的古生态进行了初步探讨,识别出两个腕足动物群落,,即Ａｃｏｓａｒｉｎａ－Ａｒａｘａｔｈｙｒｉｓ群落和Ｐｅｒｉｇｅｙｅｒｅｌｌａ群落。     

浙江煤山剖面二叠纪末的小有孔虫动物群

通过对浙江长兴煤山剖面长兴阶上部和二叠系三叠系界线地层进行系统切片和研究,共鉴别出小有孔虫化石18属50种。这一丰富的有孔虫动物群,不仅进一步完善了长兴阶标准剖面的化石资料,而且也为研究二叠纪末的生物灭绝形式提供了新的依据。     

福建大田崆峒山晚二叠世和早三叠世介形类

报道福建大田崆峒山晚二叠世大隆组、长兴组及早三叠世溪口组介形类35属67种,其中描述8属9种(包括5新种)。产自长兴组的介形类化石被划分为3个组合,自下而上分别是：Polylites magnituberos-Or-thobairdia meishanensis-Pustulobairdia mailinensis组合,Baitrdia urodelofot-OS-orthobairdia exilimarginata-Bairdia subcontracta组合和Petasobairdia bicornuta-Neoamphissites costatus-Kegelites datianensis组合。大田崆峒山介形类动物群在二叠-三叠系界线上下具有明显的突变性质,这与世界其它地区一样,是遭受二叠纪末期的生物大灭绝事件重创所致。根据介形类化石组合特征,并参考共生或共存化石的内容,福建大田地区长兴组大致相当于浙江煤山长兴组的中、上部,长兴灰岩下伏的海相碎屑岩应划归长兴阶。大隆组、长兴组及溪口组的岩性和化石组合特征．显示古环境从滨海沼泽开始,经历浅海盆地→浅水碳酸盐台地→浅海近岸环境的演化过程。     

湖南慈利康家坪剖面二叠纪末类有孔虫的灭绝过程

湖南慈利地区二叠系-三叠系界线附近地层非常发育,是探讨二叠纪-三叠纪之交生态系转变的良好区域。本研究通过对该地区康家坪剖面长兴组上部与大冶组下部地层进行系统采样、切片研究,在长兴组上部地层中发现278个类有孔虫,共鉴定出4属11种(含2个未定种)。这些类有孔虫在地层中的分布表明类有孔虫在二叠纪末经历了一次突变式的灭绝过程,其灭绝层位位于长兴组顶部的生物碎屑灰岩与大冶组底部的微生物岩之交界线处。该研究不仅丰富了康家坪剖面在这一关键时期的生物群面貌,而且也为二叠纪末的生物灭绝事件的深入研究提供了新的材料。     

桂西南柳桥地区二叠纪末期浅水相小有孔虫动物群

本文研究了广西扶绥县柳桥地区二叠纪末期的浅水相小有孔虫动物群。该动物群赋存于硅质岩相地层中的灰岩夹层里。动物群丰度和分异度均较高,共发现12属25种。其中包括长兴期的常见分子如Glomospira,No-dosaria,Colaniella等。此有孔虫组合与Colaniella组合大致相当,可以与类Paleofusulina带和Gallowayiella带相对比。     

华南“大羽羊齿煤系”和大羽羊齿植物群的时代

本文根据近年特别是文化大革命以来所取得的研究成果,澄清了华南“大羽羊齿煤系”和大羽羊齿植物群时代局限于晚二叠世早期——龙潭期的旧概念。新的资料证实,这一含煤地层的时代在各地不尽相同,它起自早二叠世晚期——茅口期并一直延续至二叠纪末。对二叠纪古气候所作的概略分析表明,整个二叠纪在华南都是成煤期,只要古地理条件有利,在早二叠世的栖霞期和茅口期以及晚二叠世的龙潭期和长兴期都可以生成煤层。     

横断山地区石炭纪和二叠纪有孔虫

横断山地区石炭纪和二叠纪海相沉积分布非常广泛,在早石炭世杜内期至晚二叠世各沉积中均含有大量有孔虫化石,其中尤以维宪期和长兴期沉积中的有孔虫化石最为丰富和保存极佳。本文描述了较为常见和特征的分子共11科30属65种,其中8个为新种,根据分析和比较,横断山地区石炭纪和二叠纪有孔虫动物群的组合面貌和特征与我国华南地区同期地层中所见有孔虫动物基本一致,同属“南方型”生物群,同时也与特提斯海域同期地层中有孔虫动物群非常近似,因此可以说明横断山地区当时的海水不仅与我国华南海域及特提斯海域都是相通的,同时都繁衍着大致相同的有孔虫动物群,它们均生活在温暖和盐度较为正常的浅海水域中。     

湖北郧西范家坪早石炭世四射珊瑚

本文描述了贵阳西北郊探矿厂对面山坡上发现的早二叠世晚期茅口组双切尾虫亚科三叶虫的1新属——棘菲利普虫属(Acanthophillipsia),计4新种:Acanthophillipsia guiyangensis, A. abrota, A. abnormis和A.granurosa,丰富了我国二叠纪三叶虫动物群的资料,对研究二叠纪三叶虫的分类、演化和古生物地理分区都具有一定的意义。     

福建大田长兴组的小有孔虫动物群

首次报道福建省大田崆峒山晚二叠世晚期长兴组中,与Palaeofusulina筵类群共生的小有孔虫动物群,计有22属64种(包含1个新种,2个未定种),称Colaniella-Pachyphloia ovata组合。通过这一动物群的研究,不但为福建地区长兴组补充了新的化石门类,且为该组的时代归属又提供一佐证,对该地区长兴组中的灰岩层古生态特征也作了简要的探讨。     

贵州安顺募役剖面晚二叠世腕足动物群落及其生态特征*

本文对贵州募役剖面长兴期腕足动物群进行了系统分类鉴定和古生态分析,发现其与前人所报道的华南同时期腕足动物群存在着显著的差别,以Spiriferellina为绝对优势属,包含少量华南长兴期的常见分子,如Fusichonetes、Araxathyris和Peltichia等。募役剖面的腕足类化石主要产自碎屑岩层位,与华南同期碎屑岩相剖面的腕足动物群落相比,该动物群中的优势分子个体较大、壳体较厚且发育较粗大的壳疹,这可能与长兴期募役剖面动物群所处的特殊栖息地环境(浅水碳酸盐岩台地与深水硅质碎屑岩盆地之间的过渡地带)有关。二叠纪末期大规模的火山作用导致水体中碎屑物质含量增加,影响腕足类的滤食效率,而募役剖面清澈、水动力弱的水体环境,为滤食性的腕足动物提供了有利的环境条件。最后,通过与华南长兴期不同沉积相区腕足动物群落(六枝剖面、稻堆山剖面、中寨剖面、新民剖面、马家山剖面和仁村坪剖面群落)的对比分析,发现募役剖面腕足动物群与毗邻的六枝剖面腕足动物群在属级组成上的相似度较高,且过渡岩相栖息地环境下的腕足动物群在生物灭绝事件前也呈现出高优势度、低均匀度的群落结构特征,指示海洋底栖生物群落已经先于二叠纪末期生物集群灭绝事件出现了早期危机信号。     

福建永安丰海二叠系上部及三叠系底部的双壳类动物群*

系统研究了闽西永安丰海地区二叠系上部及三叠系下部的双壳类动物群面貌、层位及组合,并与国内外相当的地层进行了对比,阐明了该双壳动物群在二叠-三叠系界线划分中的地层意义.描述了15属24种(其中5新种)、5未定种.     

On Permian and Triassic insect faunas in relation to biogeography and the Permian-Triassic crisis

The taxonomic diversity dynamics of pterygote insects in the Permian and Triassic at the family/age level are considered. Different metrics of taxonomic diversity are compared. Biogeographic and taphonomic aspects of changes in the composition of insect faunas in the Permian and about the P-T transition are discussed. Some changes in the Permian insect faunas are of a biogeographic nature and do not indicate global changes in diversity. Insects with aquatic immatures were rather common in the Permian and Early Triassic, but these immatures are well represented in only few localities.     

Nonmarine ostracodes at the Permian–Triassic boundary of the central part of the East European Platform

Extensive geological and paleontological materials from the upper Permian and the Lower Triassic of the East European Platform had been accumulated by the end of the 20th century. Recently obtained new data indicate the stratigraphic continuity of the East European Permian–Triassic succession. The Permian–Triassic boundary is in many sections associated with the boundary between the Zhukovian and Vokhmian regional stages. New stratigraphic data have led to the revision of the temporal distribution of Zhukovian and Vokhmian ostracodes. In contrast to previous ideas, the rapid development of genus Gerdalia already began in the Zhukovian time rather than in the Vokhmian. At the same time, the first Darwinula of the Triassic type also appeared in the Zhukovian. A proportion of the Permian species were found to cross the boundary between Zhukovian and Vokhmian. The degree of similarity between the Permian and Triassic ostracode assemblages turns out to be much higher than previously recognized.     

二叠纪-三叠纪礁相房室海绵演化与灭绝

就礁相房室海绵而言,早二叠世的物种数最少,中二叠世的分异度最高,晚二叠世的其次,中三叠世的较少,卡尼斯的增多,诺利期的更多。礁相房室海绵的演化反映出二叠纪－三叠纪有3次灭绝事件,分别发生在中二叠世末期、长兴期末期、卡尼期末期。这3次灭绝事件的规模各不相同：中二叠世末期的灭绝事件规模较小,它使83．8％的中二叠世礁相房室海绵种灭绝;长兴期末期的灭绝规模最大,它使100％的长兴期种灭绝;卡尼期末的灭绝事件规模也较大,它使97．7％的卡尼期种灭绝。     

CHILBINIA GEN. NOV., AN ARCHAIC SEED FERN IN THE LATE TRIASSIC CHINLE FORMATION OF ARIZONA, USA

Abstract:  A seed-bearing pinnate leaf found in the Chinle Formation of Late Triassic age in Arizona appears to be an archaic seed fern that more closely resembles typical Carboniferous–Permian seed fern leaves than any younger form. The fossil, which is described here as Chilbinia lichii gen. et sp. nov., incorporates characters of several Palaeozoic taxa. These characters include pinnules that have reticulate venation resembling that in some species of Lonchopteris , cordate bases similar to those found in many species of Sphenopteris , and, except for a significant difference in size, linear ovate seeds that resemble the radially symmetrical seeds found attached to a species of Alethopteris in the Permian of China. The presence of this fossil in strata of Late Triassic age is further evidence that plant extinctions after the Permian–Triassic ecological crisis followed a stepwise pattern and apparently continued for at least 20–25 myr after the end of the Permian in western parts of the Triassic paratropical belt.     

New beetles (Insecta,Coleoptera) from the Lower Triassic of European Russia

Fossil remains of beetles are described from two Lower Triassic localities: Entala (Induan) and Tikhvinskoe (Olenekian). Only one beetle fossil was previously known from the Lower Triassic of Tikhvinskoe. The fossils are rather few and poorly preserved, but they are worth describing as finds rare for the Lower Triassic. Five fossils from Entala most probably belong to beetles of the same species of the formal genus Pseudochrysomelites. Beetles of this genus are especially abundant in deposits close to the Permian–Triassic boundary and can be considered “disaster taxa.” There are no known cases, either in the Permian or in the Middle–Upper Triassic, of a random sample of five specimens belonging to a single species. This suggests that in the Entala oryctocenosis the species diversity of beetles is extremely low. All three beetle fossils found in Tikhvinskoe belong to beetles of different species, showing that diversity had already started to increase. However, it remained low, and all fossils belong to the formal family Schizocoleidae, and two of the three belong to the same genus, Pseudochrysomelites. The Khei-Yaga locality, which immediately follows Tikhvinskoe in time (topmost Olenekian or early Anisian), already contains beetles of the families Asiocoleidae and Permosynidae. In the Lower Anisian of the Buntsandstein, such typical Mesozoic beetles as Cupedidae and Coptoclavidae have been recorded. The appearance of such advanced beetles as early as the Lower Anisian suggests that the famous Permian–Triassic crisis was not as deep as it is usually believed, and many beetles survived it, disappearing, however, from the fossil record in the Early Triassic.     

OSTRACODS AS MARKERS OF THE PERMIAN/TRIASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE KHUFF FORMATION OF SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract:  Ostracods are described for the first time from Permian–Triassic shallow marine sediments of the Khuff Formation of central Saudi Arabia. They were collected using a modified acetolysis technique for releasing calcareous shells from limestones that is described herein. Thirty-four species belonging to 17 genera are recognized. Two new species are described: Arqoviella arabica sp. nov. and A. khartamensis sp. nov. The ostracod fauna supports a Late Permian age for the lower Khartam Member and a probable Early Triassic age for the upper Khartam Member of the Khuff Formation of central Saudi Arabia. This suggests that the Permian/Triassic boundary is located within the Khartam Member, rather than at the major lithological break between the Midhnab and Khartam members. Palaeoecological analysis suggests that the palaeoenvironment of the Khuff Formation was shallow marine (between 1 and 50 m deep) on an internal shelf.     

镇江地区上二叠统—下三叠统的牙形刺

详细描述了采自镇江附近１１－１，１１－２，７９－８号等钻孔的上二叠统—下三叠统的牙形刺化石共１１属２８种，建立了６个牙形刺化石带，其中上二叠统１个、下三叠统５个，并以牙形刺带为基础，进行了国内外对比。     

安徽巢湖地区早三叠世菊石序列

由于地处低纬度下扬子碳酸盐缓坡台地较深水区 ,安徽巢湖地区的下三叠统由一系列泥、灰岩旋回层组成 ,并含有丰富的菊石化石。通过对巢北平顶山和马家山一带上二叠统顶部和下三叠统多条剖面的系统研究 ,建立了在华南乃至低纬度特提斯地区具有代表性的、以属级分类单位为基础的下三叠统菊石生物地层序列 (从下而上 ) :Ophiceras Lytophiceras带、Gyronites Prionolobus带、Flemingites Euflemingites带、Anasibirites带、Columbites Tirolites带和Subcolumbites带。在提议的全球印度阶 奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面———巢湖平顶山西坡剖面上 ,Flemingites Euflemingites带之底与牙形石Neospathoduswaageni首现点比较接近 ,可以作为本界线主要辅助标志之一。记述采自该区上二叠统顶部及下三叠统 ,尤其是印度阶 奥伦尼克阶界线附近的一些具有年代地层意义的菊石化石资料 。     

Permian–Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution

The Permian and Triassic were key time intervals in the history of life on Earth. Both periods are marked by a series of biotic crises including the most catastrophic of such events, the end‐Permian mass extinction, which eventually led to a major turnover from typical Palaeozoic faunas and floras to those that are emblematic for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Here we review patterns in Permian–Triassic bony fishes, a group whose evolutionary dynamics are understudied. Based on data from primary literature, we analyse changes in their taxonomic diversity and body size (as a proxy for trophic position) and explore their response to Permian–Triassic events. Diversity and body size are investigated separately for different groups of Osteichthyes (Dipnoi, Actinistia, ‘Palaeopterygii’, ‘Subholostei’, Holostei, Teleosteomorpha), within the marine and freshwater realms and on a global scale (total diversity) as well as across palaeolatitudinal belts. Diversity is also measured for different palaeogeographical provinces. Our results suggest a general trend from low osteichthyan diversity in the Permian to higher levels in the Triassic. Diversity dynamics in the Permian are marked by a decline in freshwater taxa during the Cisuralian. An extinction event during the end‐Guadalupian crisis is not evident from our data, but ‘palaeopterygians’ experienced a significant body size increase across the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary and these fishes upheld their position as large, top predators from the Late Permian to the Late Triassic. Elevated turnover rates are documented at the Permian–Triassic boundary, and two distinct diversification events are noted in the wake of this biotic crisis, a first one during the Early Triassic (dipnoans, actinistians, ‘palaeopterygians’, ‘subholosteans’) and a second one during the Middle Triassic (‘subholosteans’, neopterygians). The origination of new, small taxa predominantly among these groups during the Middle Triassic event caused a significant reduction in osteichthyan body size. Neopterygii, the clade that encompasses the vast majority of extant fishes, underwent another diversification phase in the Late Triassic. The Triassic radiation of Osteichthyes, predominantly of Actinopterygii, which only occurred after severe extinctions among Chondrichthyes during the Middle–Late Permian, resulted in a profound change within global fish communities, from chondrichthyan‐rich faunas of the Permo‐Carboniferous to typical Mesozoic and Cenozoic associations dominated by actinopterygians. This turnover was not sudden but followed a stepwise pattern, with leaps during extinction events.