A new species of Fomitiporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from China based on morphological and molecular characters

Fomitiporia punicata sp. nov., collected from Shaanxi Province, northern China, and so far exclusively on Punica granatum (Punicaceae), is described and illustrated, and its preliminary phylogenetic relationships are inferred based on sequence data from the ribosomal ITS-5.8S regions. Fomitiporia punicata belongs to the F. robusta–F. punctata complex, but is characterized by an effused–reflexed to pileate basidioma with triquetrous to ungulate pilei, pale yellowish brown to cinnamon brown pore surface, moderately thick-walled skeletal hyphae in the context, which are partly collapsed on drying, lack of setae, presence of fusoid to subulate cystidioles, and growth on Punica. It also forms a distinct clade within Fomitiporia, and is related to some species from the temperate or Mediterranean zone of the northern hemisphere. An identification key to the species of Fomitiporia recorded in China is provided. Fomitiporia tibetica is transferred to Pseudoinonotus.     

中国担子菌纲木生真菌两新记录种

在对吉林省长白山自然保护区进行菌物资源调查中,发现担子菌纲的两种木生真菌,浅黄缘索革菌( Hypochniciellum cremeoisabellinum )和泊氏尖齿菌( Mucronella bresadolae ),两者均为中国新记录种,同时缘索革菌属( Hypochniciellum )和尖齿菌属( Mucronella )也为中国新记录属.本文根据采集的材料对它们进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图.     

中国河南省木材腐朽菌研究

对河南省6个天然林的木材腐朽菌进行了真菌资源调查,采集800号标本,基于对这些标本的研究,鉴定出木牛真菌183种,分属于75个属,其中56种为河南省首次报道.     

木材腐朽菌在森林生态系统中的功能

木材腐朽菌是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统中起着极为重要的降解还原作用,主要包括担子菌门非褶菌目、子囊菌门盘菌纲和半知菌类的部分真菌,能全部或部分降解木材中的木质素、纤维素和半纤维素,其降解机制有3种：白色腐朽、褐色腐朽和软腐朽．木材腐朽菌与生态系统中其它生物关系密切,为很多昆虫、鸟类提供营养,有些昆虫也能使木腐菌得到传播．保护木材腐朽菌的生物多样性是保护森林生态系统、维护生态系统健康的重要因素．     

Acanthophysis-like structures from wood submerged in freshwater streams in the tropics

Acanthophysis-like structures which commonly occur on submerged wood in the tropics are described and illustrated at the light microscope level. These are produced on fibre-like or rope-like strands and produce numerous detachable spinulose cells at their ends. These cells lack contents, do not germinate, and do not appear to be dispersal propagules. The acanthophysis-like structures may function as rhizomorphs enabling the fungus to colonize adjacent woody tissue, or serve to uptake oxygen from the water and these possibilities are discussed.     

海南霸王岭自然保护区多孔菌研究

对采自海南霸王岭自然保护区的木生多孔菌约400号标本进行了鉴定共获得110种。按字母顺序列出了这些多孔菌名录;其中浅黄林氏革孔菌Lindtneria flava为中国新记录种,提供了详细描述和显微结构绘图;同时,依据文献对世界林氏革孔菌属种类进行了总结,并提供了该属所有种类的检索表。     

Endophyte research: going beyond isolation and metabolite documentation

Many fungi belonging to mostly Ascomycota inhabit living tissues of plants of all major lineages without causing any visible symptoms. Termed horizontally transmitted endophytes, they have been investigated mostly for their capacity to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. However, many questions regarding the interactions between endophytes and their plant hosts, phytophagous insects and other fungi remain unanswered. This review highlights some of these areas of endophyte biology about which very little or no knowledge exists. Information garnered' using modern methodologies' on these grey areas of ‘endophytism’ (endophytic mode of lifestyle) would help immensely in understanding the evolution of endophytes of aerial plant tissues and in exploiting endophytes in various fields of biotechnology.     

Soil and Rhizosphere Associated Fungi in Gray Mangroves(Avicennia marina) from the Red Sea—A Metagenomic Approach

Covering a quarter of the world's tropical coastlines and being one of the most threatened ecosystems, mangroves are among the major sources of terrestrial organic matter to oceans and harbor a wide microbial diversity. In order to protect, restore, and better understand these ecosystems, researchers have extensively studied their microbiology, yet few surveys have focused on their fungal communities. Our lack of knowledge is even more pronounced for specific fungal populations, such as the ones associated with the rhizosphere. Likewise, the Red Sea gray mangroves(Avicennia marina) remain poorly characterized, and understanding of their fungal communities still relies on cultivation-dependent methods. In this study, we analyzed metagenomic datasets from gray mangrove rhizosphere and bulk soil samples collected in the Red Sea coast, to obtain a snapshot of their fungal communities. Our data indicated that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum(76%–85%), while Basidiomycota was less abundant(14%–24%), yet present in higher numbers than usually reported for such environments. Fungal communities were more stable within the rhizosphere than within the bulk soil, both at class and genus level. This finding is consistent with the intrinsic patchiness in soil sediments and with the selection of specific microbial communities by plant roots. Our study indicates the presence of several species on this mycobiome that were not previously reported as mangrove-associated. In particular, we detected representatives of several commercially-used fungi, e.g., producers of secreted cellulases and anaerobic producers of cellulosomes. These results represent additional insights into the fungal community of the gray mangroves of the Red Sea, and show that they are significantly richer than previously reported.     

大兴安岭林区火烧迹地木腐菌主要类群的初步研究

对大兴安岭林区火烧迹地的17种主要木腐菌进行了报道,并就它们的生态习性和生态功能进行探讨．通过对火烧林分和非过火林分主要木腐菌类群变化的研究,确定在火烧迹地森林生态系统演替过程中的先锋菌物主要有8种,常见菌4种,以及在寒温带针叶林生态系统中的珍稀和濒危的木腐菌3种,并探讨了珍稀或濒危菌物的保护对策．