相反相成药物治疗马骡结症的理论探讨

“对立统一规律是宇宙的根本规律。”动物体是完整统一的有机体,其各系统、各器官的机能活动是矛盾的,对立的,同时又是统一的。心脏的跳动,肺脏的呼吸,肌肉的伸缩,胃肠的蠕动等,都是由相互联系、相互制约的对立统一的活动完成的。在这些活动当中,神经系统起着主要的调节作用。中枢神经系统是支配全身活动的中枢,而内脏器官的活动是由相对自主的植     

云南一些植物特征成分与古夷平面的相关性

生理生态学的原则是随着纬度的升高,物种分布的海拔高度将随之降低。但是,云南一些植物特征成分的分布却与之相反,它们的分布与云南残留的古夷平面的分布相似,即随着纬度的升高,其分布的海拔高度也随之升高。二者的区别是云南古夷平面分布的趋势线的仰角大于那些特征成分分布的趋势线的仰角。可能的原因是：相对于剧烈的地质运动,物种的适应能力总是相对滞后的,并且物种的分布也受到其生长特性的制约;根据分布区形成的原则,这些成分的发生应早于夷平面的隆起。     

自然和热凝固的人肝组织对KTP/YAG激光的光学特性的比较研究

本文采用双积分球测量系统和Inverse Add ing-Doub ling方法,研究了自然和热凝固的人肝组织对532nm的KTP激光和1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的光学特性。结果表明:热凝固的人肝组织对532 nm的KTP激光的吸收系数较自然的肝组织的吸收系数增大了23.5%(P<0.05),热凝固的肝组织对1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的吸收系数较自然的肝组织的吸收系数减小了34.3%(P<0.05)。热凝固的人肝组织对532 nm的KTP激光的散射系数较自然的肝组织的散射系数增大了4.50倍(P<0.05),热凝固的肝组织对1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的散射系数较自然的肝组织的散射系数增大了6.41倍(P<0.05)。热凝固的人肝组织对532 nm的KTP激光的各向异性因子较自然的肝组织的各向异性因子减小了5.47%,热凝固的肝组织对1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的各向异性因子较自然的肝组织的各向异性因子减小了1.95%。     

学案导学在高中生物教学中的应用

制作学案的过程,就是老师理解通透所传授的知识的前提下,阅读大量的相关的资料,根据学生的认知水平与知识的积累能力,为指导学生进行主动的知识建构而编制的学习方案,以便积极引导和帮助学生的自主学习的能力进行探究思索的方案。高中生物的教学研究问题,通过学案的方式向学生传授知识,是教师在教学理论与学习标准的指导下对高中生物的教学所提高的一个新层次。     

植物保护与农业可持续发展关系探究

随着社会的发展经济的进步我国在各个领域的发展上都得到了相应的提升,从农业的发展情况来看,由于我国在科学技术上进步故此在农业的发展上也取得了重大的成效,但是在农业发展的过程中也出现了一些严重的问题,就是对于化学药品的使用所造成的农产品的污染以及环境的污染。本文主要针对当前的一些植物保护的现状进行阐述,并对植物保护和农业的可持续发展间的关系进行了详细的分析探究,希望能够在此领域的学术发展起到一定的参考作用。     

浅谈果树病虫害综合防治技术研究

在我国的农业生产的过程中,对于果树的病虫害综合防治是农业生产效益的根本保障,我国是一个农业大国,尤其是在我国的北方,果树的栽培更是有着悠久的历史,在近些年中由于技术的进步果树的品种更新的速度也在不断的加快,但是随之而来的就是果树的病虫害的问题,它对于果树的影响非常的大,直接在经济上给果农带来严重的损失,为了能够让果农的经济效益得到保障,对于果树的病虫害防治就显得极为重要。本文主要是对东北地区的果树病虫害的现状进行简要的分析,并对果树病虫害的综合防治技术进行研究找出适当的对策,希望能有所裨益。     

浅析如何做好基层林业站的工作

在当前的形势下,我国的林业建设工作也是需要及时的调整发展方案,以此来适应新时代的发展的,要由传统的林业建设模式逐渐的向现代化的方向发展。从某种程度上来说,基层林业站的微观变化也会对林业建设的发展方向的宏观调整产生直接的影响,因此,要结合科学发展的建设理念,来指导林业站的工作,以此来促进林业的健康建设。文章主要阐述基层林业站的作用,主要是为更好的发挥基层林业站的效用服务的。     

植物生理学研究与四化建设

一、植物生理学面临的挑战作为植物学的一个重要分支的植物生理学经过百余年的发展对植物生命活动的基本规律及其与环境的关系的了解取得了长足的进展,也对人类的生产活动起了巨大的促进作用。例如化学肥料及生长调节剂与除草剂的大规模应用,细胞全能性的发现及利用等。但与现代自然科学体系日新月异的进步相比植物生理学则象百舸竞渡中的一叶扁舟,面临着严峻的挑战。近年分子生物学和遗传学的飞速进步,各种物理化学检测手段的应用及检测精度的提高,使植物生理学的机理的探索必须建立在分子生物学的基础上并相应地使用精确的检测手段,例如植物激素乙烯的发现及其生物合成与作用机理的研究,就是建     

探讨中日环境管理存在的差异以及解决对策

环境状况的好与坏通常决定着一个国家的综合国力的强与弱。近几年来,随着社会的发展,环境方面的问题越来越多,各个国家对于环境问题的解决方法以及管理方式各有千秋,同时各个国家对于环境问题的管理也都十分的重视。而其中,日本环境的管理是开始于20世纪中期的,从20世纪中期到现在,短短的这一段时间中,日本的环境管理出现出人意料的成功,不仅创造了防治产业污染的奇迹,同时也形成了一套相对完成的管理体制以及丰富多彩的管理模式。与日本不同的是,我国的环境管理方面尚且存在一定的问题。本文将结合中日环境管理方面存在的差异探讨中国的环境管理存在的问题的解决对策。     

正常微生物群是一个新的人体生理学系统

1　前言微生态学的发展 ,现在已把微生物的作用 ,从主要是致病作用的观点转移到主要是生理作用的观点。这种观点的转变是经过 10 0多年的学术研究和科学发展才取得的。在 2 0世纪经过无菌动物的饲养、厌氧培养技术的进步和现代分子生物学、基因工程学的研究终于完成了微生态学向新的更高阶段的转变。这就是微生物的研究以致病性为主的时代转向以生理性为主的时代。要确定一门新学科的诞生日期是很难的。一门新学科的定义也是逐渐形成的 ,要经过科研成果不断积累才能逐渐完善。正常微生物群的生理作用的提出是很早的 ,至少要推衍到 19世纪的…     

Cleaning activity of two Caribbean cleaning gobies: intra- and interspecific comparisons

Sharknose cleaning gobies Elacatinus evelynae were found predominantly in male—female pairs at cleaning stations located almost exclusively on coral heads. By contrast, broadstripe cleaning gobies Elacatinus prochilos were found at cleaning stations on two distinct substrata: coral and sponge, which were linked to marked differences in social behaviour, cleaning activity and diet. Elacatinus prochilos at coral cleaning stations were more frequently solitary or found in small groups, while groups of up to 40 individuals were observed on sponge cleaning stations. Coral-dwelling E. prochilos spent, on average, 25 times longer cleaning and took 16 times more bites on clients than those on sponge, which was reflected in the larger proportion of client-gleaned material in their gut (40% v . <1%). These substratum-linked differences may result from differences in availability of food items at different cleaning stations. Few differences in cleaning activity were found between E. evelynae and coral-dwelling E. prochilos , although the latter contained a higher proportion of client-gleaned items (40% v . 25%). Most coral-dwelling cleaning gobies had ingested fish scales, although the variation among individuals was high (0–81 fish⁻¹). Intra- and interspecific variability in cleaning activity of cleaner fishes implies that cleaning services for clients may vary significantly between cleaning stations.     

Various Effects of Sandblasting of Dental Restorative Materials

Background

Sandblasting particles which remain on the surfaces of dental restorations are removed prior to cementation. It is probable that adhesive strength between luting material and sandblasting particle remnants might exceed that with restorative material. If that being the case, blasting particles adhere to sandblasted material surface could be instrumental to increasing adhesive strength like underlying bonding mechanism between luting material and silanized particles of tribochemical silica coating-treated surface. We hypothesize that ultrasonic cleaning of bonding surfaces, which were pretreated with sandblasting, may affect adhesive strength of a resin luting material to dental restorative materials.

Methods

We therefore observed adhesive strength of resin luting material to aluminum oxide was greater than those to zirconia ceramic and cobalt-chromium alloy beforehand. To measure the shear bond strengths of resin luting material to zirconia ceramic and cobalt-chromium alloy, forty specimens of each restorative material were prepared. Bonding surfaces were polished with silicon abrasive paper and then treated with sandblasting. For each restorative material, 40 sandblasted specimens were equally divided into two groups: ultrasonic cleaning (USC) group and non-ultrasonic cleaning (NUSC) group. After resin luting material was polymerized on bonding surface, shear test was performed to evaluate effect of ultrasonic cleaning of bonding surfaces pretreated with sandblasting on bond strength.

Results

For both zirconia ceramic and cobalt-chromium alloy, NUSC group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than USC group.

Conclusions

Ultrasonic cleaning of dental restorations after sandblasting should be avoided to retain improved bonding between these materials.     

Functional equivalence of industrial metal cleaning processes comparison of metal cleaning processes within LCA

In an LCA case study, the three most frequent industrial metal cleaning technologies were assessed: Cleaning based on aqueous cleaning agents, non-halogenated hydrocarbon solvents and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. Beside optimisation analysis, the comparison of the cleaning processes was a main goal of the study. The function of metal cleaning processes can be described with a set of parameters called functional parameters. In order to compare different cleaning processes within LCA, it is a precondition that all relevant functional parameters be equivalent. However, metal cleaning processes from different companies normally differ in most of the functional parameters and, thus, are not functionally equivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the material and energy flows of the processes corresponding to a reference function as a basis for comparison. This can be achieved by simulating the processes according to the functional parameters with the help of a process model. For a general comparison of the technologies, it is also necessary to consider the assessed machines having the same level of optimisation and the same scale.     

Surface cleaning of cemented orthopedic implants with conservation of surface properties]

Prior to the analysis of explanted cemented orthopedic implants, complete removal of foreign material, blood and residual tissue and thorough cleaning of the surface without compromising its characteristics is essential. We describe a reprocessing procedure comprising the following 4 steps: 1) retrieval and storage, 2) removal of residual bone cement, 3) chemical cleaning in an enzymatic solution, and 4) mechanical cleaning in an ultrasound bath.     

Biodeterioration of archeological leather

Leather objects are frequently found in archaeological excavation. Often this material is contaminated with mineral salts which crystallize on the surface upon excavation. Unconserved finds are easily attacked by microorganisms. The microflora growing on untreated as well as conserved leather artifacts were studied. Conservation treatments investigated include: mechanical cleaning, wet cleaning, wet cleaning in Canpac solution, chemical cleaning in orthophosphoric acid, sumach retanning, Al₂(SO₄)₃ tawed, van Soest dressing, and silicone liquor.     

樟子松乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

测定了樟子松球果、树皮、树叶、木质部4个部位提取物的总抗氧化能力、总还原力、二苯代苦味酰基（DPPH·）清除能力、羟基自由基（·OH）清除能力、超氧阴离子（O^·₂）清除能力5个指标,并以抗坏血酸（Vc）为阳性对照评价从樟子松4个部位提取的松多酚体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：（1）从樟子松树皮中提取的樟子松多酚表现出较强的抗氧化能力,在较高浓度下与抗氧化剂（Vc）相差较小;从樟子松球果中提取的樟子松多酚也表现出较强的还原力,甚至超过阳性对照抗氧化剂Vc;（2）从樟子松树皮中提取的樟子松多酚在二苯代苦味酰基（DPPH·）清除能力、羟基自由基（·OH）清除能力上均为三者之中最高的,但都不超过抗氧化剂（Vc）的抗氧化能;（3）超氧阴离子（O^·₂）清除能力。三者的清除率均为负值,说明该方法测定超氧阴离子（O^·₂）清除率存在干扰因素,无法比较三者在这一指标上的能力大小。上述结果表明樟子松乙醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,可作为天然的抗氧化剂。     

Ovarian hormones inhibit the release of prostacyclin-like material from isolated rat uterus

The influence of sex steroids on the production of prostacyclin (PGI₂) like material by the isolated rat uterus incubated in a buffer medium was explored by monitoring its ability to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Chopped uterine strips from rats in natural estrus can generate an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation and suggest to be prostacyclin. This capacity was significantly enhanced in preparations from spayed animals. The injection of 17-beta estradiol; progesterone or both diminished the production of the prostacyclin-like material by the uterus from ovariectomized rats. The already existing notion that ovarian steroids are able to regulate the synthesis of stable prostaglandins is discussed together with the present results suggesting in addition a depressive effect of sex hormones on the uterine PGI₂ synthetase system.     

The macroecology of marine cleaning mutualisms

1. Marine cleaning mutualisms generally involve small fish or shrimps removing ectoparasites and other material from cooperating 'client' fish. We evaluate the role of fish abundance, body size and behaviour as determinants of interactions with cleaning mutualists. 2. Data come from eight reef locations in Brazil, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean and Australia. 3. We conducted a meta-analysis of client-cleaner interactions involving 11 cleaner and 221 client species. 4. There was a strong, positive effect of client abundance on cleaning frequency, but only a weak, negative effect of client body size. These effects were modulated by client trophic group and social behaviour. 5. This study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting a central role of species abundance in structuring species interactions.     

The effect of estradiol on isolated rat uterine motility and on prostaglandin generation

The motility of isolated uterine horns as well as the generation of PGE and PGF like material by the uterus from estrus and spayed rats, treated or untreated with 17-beta estradicl, were studied. Following 40 minutes of mounting the spontaneous motility of uteri from estrus rats had a lower magnitude than that from spayed ones. The amount of PGF-like material was similar in both groups whereas the first one liberated less PGE-like substance. In spayed animals treated with 1 μg of 17-beta estradiol the decay of spontaneous contractile force was higher than that observed in untreated rats, and similar to that displayed by uteri from estrus. Less PGE-like material was liberated in comparison with spayed animals and a tendency to produce higher quantity of PGF-like compounds was observed, although the level was not significantly different. With 50 μg of 17-beta estradiol the spontaneous reduction of contractile activity was higher than in spayed animals and than in those treated with 1 μg. The amount of PGF-like material liberated was higher than in spayed rats and less PGE-like substance was generated comparing with spayed and 1 μg-treated animals. These findings show that estradiol decreases the release of PGE-like compound. It would also appear that this may have some relationship with the levels of spontaneous contractile activity of the isolated rat uterus.     

The behavioural ecology of marine cleaning mutualisms

Cleaning interactions, in which a small ‘cleaner’ organism removes and often consumes material from a larger ‘client’, are some of the most enigmatic and intriguing of interspecies interactions. Early research on cleaning interactions canonized the view that they are mutualistic, with clients benefiting from parasite removal and cleaners benefiting from a meal, but subsequent decades of research have revealed that the dynamics of these interactions can be highly complex. Despite decades of research on marine cleaning interactions (the best studied cleaning systems), key questions remain, including how the outcome of an individual cleaning interaction depends on ecological, behavioural, and social context, how such interactions arise, and how they remain stable over time. Recently, studies of marine parasites, long-term data from coral reef communities with and without cleaners, increased behavioural observations recorded using remote video, and a focus on a larger numbers of cleaning species have helped bring about key conceptual advances in our understanding of cleaning interactions. In particular, evidence now suggests that the ecological, behavioural, and social contexts of a given cleaning interaction can result in the outcome ranging from mutualistic to parasitic, and that cleaning interactions are mediated by signals that can also vary with context. Signals are an important means by which animals extract information about one another, and thus represent a mechanism by which interspecific partners can determine when, how, and with whom to interact. Here, I review our understanding of the behavioural ecology of marine cleaning interactions. In particular, I argue that signals provide a useful framework for advancing our understanding of several important outstanding questions. I discuss the costs and benefits of cleaning interactions, review how cleaners and clients recognize and assess one another using signals, and discuss how signal reliability, or ‘honesty’, may be maintained in cleaning systems. Lastly, I discuss the sensory ecology of both cleaners and clients to highlight what marine cleaning systems can tell us about signalling behaviour, signal form, and signal evolution in a system where signals are aimed at multiple receiver species. Overall, I argue that future research on cleaning interactions has much to gain by continuing to shift the research focus toward examining the variable outcomes of cleaning interactions in relation to the broader behavioural, social, and ecological contexts.