阳桃的组织培养与快速繁殖

以阳桃茎段为材料进行组培快繁。结果表明：阳桃离体培养的细胞分裂素以ZT的效果最好,其次是BA,KT最差;植物生长调节物质是NAA最好,其次是IBA、IAA;较适宜的植物生长调节物质配比为BA 0．5mg L^-1 NAA 0．2mg L^-1 GA 0．2mg L^-1,增殖系数高达3．7,而且畸苗率较低(23．3％)。生根培养基以1／2MS IBA 0．2mg L^-1 IAA 0．1mg L^-1效果好,生根率达87．1％,蔗糖浓度以2．0％一3．0％为宜。     

宿根福禄考离体快速繁殖的研究

以带芽茎段为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究了不同激素组合对宿根福禄考离体快速繁殖的影响。试验结果表明,不同培养阶段的适宜培养基为：（1）启动培养基：MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA 0．1mg／L;（2）继代增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 1．0mg／L＋NAA 0．3mg／L,月增殖倍数可达7．4;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS＋IBA 0．2～0．5mg／L,生根率高且根粗壮。试管苗移入田间20d后成活率可达92％。     

皱皮木瓜茎段离体培养和快速繁殖

植物名称:皱皮木瓜,又名贴梗海棠(Chaono-meles speciosa) 材料类别:带侧芽的嫩茎段。培养条件:MS为基本培养基。诱导芽伸长及芽分化培养基的组合如下:①MS;②MS BA0.5mg/L(单位下同);③MS BA0.5 IBA3;④MS BA1 NAA0.1;⑤MS KT1 NAA0.1。生根培养基采用1/2MS大量元素及1/2MS培养基,     

栓皮栎茎段离体培养的研究

以4～6个月的实生苗茎段为外植体,研究了离体条件下培养基及激素对栓皮栎器官发生和植株再生的影响。结果表明:初代培养选用低盐培养基WPM、BTM和GD,附加0.2mg·L-16-BA,丛生芽较多,茎粗壮,生长势健壮,均好于高盐培养基MS。继代培养时,以BTM为基本培养基,添加0.2～0.6mg·L-16-BA有利于茎芽增殖和生长,当6-BA浓度为0.8～1.0mg·L-1时,不利于茎芽伸长。以WPM为基本培养基,附加NAA0.1mg·L-1和IBA0.25mg·L-1时,生根率高,根系发育好。     

唐菖蒲球茎芽的离体培养及快速繁殖

将带１－２个芽眼的唐菖蒲球茎切块接种到附加１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ的ＭＳ基本培养基上可诱导休眠芽萌动。无菌芽转移至附加３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ的培养基上可分化产生丛生芽。丛生芽的幼代增殖宜采用附加１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ的培养基生根培养,以ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．１－０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ或ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ１．ｍｇ／Ｌ效果最佳。     

铁核桃离体培养与快速繁殖

以优良单株‘纳雍-1’的单芽茎段为外植体,建立了铁核桃（Juglanssigillata）离体培养与快速繁殖的体系。结果表明,附加6-BA1．0mg·L-1 ＋活·IgK（AC）3．0g·L-1的DKw培养基适宜铁核桃腋芽诱导;适宜铁核桃芽增殖的培养基为DKW＋6-BA1．0mg·L-1 ＋IBA0．02mg·L-1,40d后增殖系数可达7．33;试管苗的茎尖和茎段均可用于增殖培养;一步生根法（低浓度的生长素IBA持续诱导）不利于铁核桃试管苗嫩茎生根;采用二步生根法,生根率最高可达71．73％,其中,不同IBA浓度、暗培养时间、蔗糖浓度和AC含量对试管苗嫩茎生根影响显著,铁核桃试管苗在附]sulBA5,0mg·L-1的1／4DKW培养基中暗培养12d,再转移到不含IBA的1／4DKW培养基（附加AC 3g-L-1和蔗糖20g·L-1）中生根效果最好;生根试管苗采用珍珠岩和营养土两步炼苗,60d后成活率达到87．50％。     

柠檬香蜂草离体快速繁殖(简报)

以柠檬香蜂草带腋芽幼嫩茎段为外植体,MS为基本培养基,对其进行离体快繁研究。结果表明,在Ms＋6-BA1.0mgCL＋IBA0．5mg／L培养基上诱导产生不定芽的效果最好;在MS＋6．BA0．5mg/L＋IBAO．1mg／L分化培养基上分化率达3～4倍;在1／2MS＋IBA0．2mg／L生根培养基中正常发根,且根系粗壮。     

山杜英的离体快速繁殖

1植物名称山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris). 2材料类别带腋芽茎段. 3培养条件(1)诱导分化培养基:MS 6-BA1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 IBA 0.5;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.5.     

西南金丝桃茎段的离体培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　西南金丝桃 (Hypericumhenryi)。2　材料类别　当年生茎段。3　培养条件　以MS为基本培养基。 ( 1 )腋芽诱导培养基 :MS + 6 BA 1 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) ;( 2 )芽增殖培养基 :MS + 6 BA 1 .0 +KT 1 .0 ;( 3)生根培养基 :1 /2MS。上述培养基均添加 3%蔗糖、0 .65 %琼脂 ,pH 5 .8～ 6.0。培养温度为 2 4℃ ,每日光照1 2～ 1 4h ,光照度 1 5 0 0lx。4　生长与分化情况4.1　芽的诱导　野外采集的茎段用常规法灭菌后 ,切成 2cm长的小段 (带 1个节 ) ,基部向下直插于 ( 1 )号培养基上。培养 5d后 ,腋芽开始萌动生长 ;1 5d后…     

仙人掌中槲皮素提取条件的正交设计优选

采用浸渍法和回流法从仙人掌中提取槲皮素。试验表明:回流法提取的效率高于浸渍提取法。通过对溶剂种类、浓度、回流提取时间和仙人掌粉末粒度4个因素的选择,并以L9(34)正交设计安排实验,得出最佳回流提取工艺为:过60目筛的干燥仙人掌粉末加浓度为95%甲醇回流3 h。     

仙人掌超微粉挥发性成分研究

目的：研究仙人掌中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取经超微粉碎后的仙人掌[Opuntia dillenii（Ker-Gaw.）Haw]挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：共分离鉴定出32个化学成分,占总成分的98.097%,其中相对百分含量大于2%的分别确定为异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（Isobutyl phthalate）27.492%,棕榈酸（Palmitic acid）16.716%,丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（Butyl phthalate）11.257%,薄荷脑（Menthol）6.722%,亚油酸（Linoleic acid）5.995%,壬醛（Nonanal）4.594%,乙醛（Hexanal）3.614%,十二酸（Dodecanic acid）3.244%。结论：通过对仙人掌超微粉挥发性成分的分析鉴定及相对含量测定,为综合利用仙人掌植物资源等提供科学依据。     

Micropropagation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

A method for callus induction, adventitious bud regeneration, shoot multiplication and rooting of in vitro formed shoots of Helianthus annuus L. var. Argentario is described. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants formed callus on medium containing 2 mgl^–1 naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mgl^–1 benzyladenine. Adventitious buds were formed on hypocotyl segments on medium containing 0.5–2 mgl^–1 benzyladenine. The optimal level of sucrose concentration for shoot regeneration from hypocotyls was 1.5%. Multiplication from shoot apices was promoted by kinetin (2 mgl^–1) plus gibberellic acid (5 mgl^–1), benzyladenine (2 mgl^–1) plus gibberellic acid (10 mgl^–1) or at lower frequency by benzyladenine (1 mgl^–1). A general feature of the plantlets formed in vitro was the precocious flowering.     

Micropropagation of Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Loisel.

Procedures were developed for micropropagation of Alnus cordata through in vitro axillary shoot multiplication of axillary bud explants cultured in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. Establishment of cultures from plants grown in the field was very difficult due to bacterial contamination and phenolic oxidation in explants causing severe browning. Explants were first cultured on an MS medium containing 4.4 M 6-benzyladenine and 87.6 mM sucrose (initiation medium) for 7 days and then transferred to an MS medium containing 1.1 M 6-benzyladenine and 333 mM glucose (multiplication medium) for a further 20–25 days. It was necessary to transfer cultures from initiation medium to multiplication medium after 7 days to minimize excessive callus growth, abnormally thick and brittle leaves, inhibition of shoot elongation, and senescence. Shoot multiplication comparable to the above method was achieved by culture of axillary bud explants in MS medium supplemented with 1.1–4.4 M 6-benzyladenine and 333 mM glucose 4–5 weeks after culture. Shoots rooted in MS medium (1/2 x macro-nutrients) supplemented with 1.2–4.9 M indolebutyric acid. Also, 98% rooting was achieved when cultures were treated with 625 mgl^-1 indolebutyric acid for 24 h at the end of the shoot production stage and rooted in vivo as mini-cuttings. Plantlets established well in soil.     

阳春砂仁微繁殖技术研究

以阳春砂仁的芽块为外植体,在附加1~6mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上,可实现丛生芽增殖。最佳启动和增殖培养基为MS+5mg/L BA+5ml/L 20%硫代硫酸钠,出苗率和增殖率分别为62.5%和5.36。采用1/2 MS+1mg/L IBA+0.5mg/L IAA进行离体生根,生根率可达94.6%。     

Micropropagation of Isoplexis canariensis (l.) G. Don

Isoplexis canariensis is a source of compounds related to the Digitalis cardenolides and anthraquinones. It is a protected endemic plant, but even so, it is rapidly disappearing from nature. An optimal micropropagation procedure was achieved using nodal segments with two axillary buds as explants. A concentration of 0.5 μM kinetin in Murashige and Skoog liquid basal medium was found to be optimal for micropropagation. Rooting in vitro was unnecessary for ex vitro survival. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Re-establishment of the lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus L.) in Britain

The Sainsbury Orchid Conservation Project (SOCP), based in the Micropropagation Unit of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has worked for many years with English Nature, and the Species Recovery Programme in particular, in raising plants of the lady's slipper orchid for re-establishment. This is a collaborative venture with the involvement of a large number of organizations and individuals at national and local level.Cypripedium calceolusis one of Britain's rarest plants. Thought at one time to be extinct, its decline is due to overcollection by botanists for herbarium specimens and by gardeners and it is found now on a single, fragile, natural site. It has been wardened since 1970s because of concerns about long-term safety and is protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Natural pollination has not been observed and hand pollination is carried out to ensure seed set. Some seed is scattered on site resulting in a few seedlings and the remaining capsules are sent to the Sainsbury Orchid Conservation Project. In addition, some plants of native origin are held in cultivation and molecular techniques are being carried out at Kew to ascertain how these are related. The best pollination strategy to increase genetic diversity is co-ordinated by English Nature and SOCP, as is the optimum collection time post-pollination to achieve maximum germination. Seedlings are propagated in the laboratory using immature green capsules sown on a range of nutrient media. No symbiotic fungus has yet been found for this species. Germination occurs after 6 weeks in the dark and the plants chilled when roots are well developed and shoots beginning to form. Plants potted up at Kew and near the native site have produced leaves and buds and extensive planting trials have now commenced. The main objective is to increase the number of localities whereCypripediumoccurs through re-establishment. As its decline is due to overcollection rather than habitat loss, many old sites have changed very little. Observation of continental populations is important in assessing suitability of potential sites as the extant clone may not be in optimum conditions. An initial planting trial on the wild site in winter 1989/90 resulted in a 75% survival rate of seedlings planted out. However, establishing seedlings is a long process and careful monitoring is required.     

甜瓜属种间杂交中3种不同倍性资源的微繁

以3种不同倍性的甜瓜属种间杂交资源(双二倍体Cucumis hytivus、异源三倍体黄瓜和种间杂种F1)无菌苗的顶芽或腋芽为试材,比较它们再生能力的差异,寻求各自增殖的最适培养基,从而建立其离体繁殖体系.结果表明:倍性越高,增殖能力越小,增殖速度也最小(双二倍体种转接的间隔时间比其它两种材料长1～2周).双二倍体、异源三倍体黄瓜和种间杂种F1的最大繁殖系数分别为4.6、7.1和8.4;相对应的培养基分别为MS 0.05 mg·L-1TDZ、MS 2.2 mg·L-1 6-BA和MS 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA).3种材料的生根结果基本一致,在1/2MS 0.2 mg·L-1IBA上的生根率均能达84.5%,驯化成活率达90%以上.同一材料的田间性状表现整齐一致,没有发现变异.     

In vitro culture of Aloe Barbadensis Mill.: Micropropagation from vegetative meristems

A method for rapid and highly effective plant micropropagation from vegetative meristems was established for Aloe barbadensis Mill. Plant micropropagation was achieved culturing apices on medium containing 1.1 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.3 M kinetin for 15–30 days. High morphogenetic ability was maintained by transferring explants (after 60 days) on media containing 0.11 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.2 M 6-benzylaminopurine.     

Micropropagation of Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) for disease free plantlets through meristem culture

Protocol was established for mass in vitro propagation of okra using meristem culture. Meristems (0.3–0.5 mm in size) were isolated from shoot tips of three-week old in vitro grown seedlings. Isolated meristems were established rapidly in MS liquid medium containing 1.0 mg/l of BAP. For shoot development from primarily established meristem, semisolid MS medium having the same concentration of BAP was found to be the most effective. Rapid shoot multiplication of mericlone was achieved from node cutting cultured in 1.0 mg/l plus 0.5 mg/l GA₃, and a maximum of nine shoots were found from each node. Effective root development from the developed plantlets was successful in 1.0 mg/l IBA. More than 75% of the micropropagated mericlones plantlets were successfully acclimatised in soil up to maturity and found to be healthy.