滇金丝猴,藏酋猴和毛耳猴下颌骨的异速生长

本文对滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)、藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)和毛耳猴(Macacamulatta lasiota)下颌骨的33项指标进行了测量.经分析,下颌骨的生长存在有部位间、左右间及类群间的差异。表明这些动物下颌骨形态因适应某种生态环境而可能存在某些相似性,但因其食物性质、取食行为、系统及个体发育过程中存在差异而出现不同的生长模式。     

Pleistocene Macaca from Hoxne, Suffolk, England

Pleistocene macaque remains are uncommon in Great Britain. In addition to three specimens previously known from three sites, four teeth from Hoxne, Suffolk are recorded here. Closely resembling teeth of modern Macaca sylvanus (Barbary ape), they were recovered from a Middle Pleistocene stratum containing stone artifacts (including handaxes) and fauna including cold-climate lemmings.     

Normal serum biochemical, hematological, and EKG parameters in anesthetized adult male Macaca fascicularis and Macaca arctoides

Selected serum enzymes, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, protein, albumin, bilirubin, BUN, hematology, and electrocardiograms (EKG) were obtained from adult male cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and adult male stumptailed (Macaca arctoides) macaques. Serum alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, albumin, bilirubin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and monocytes were significantly lower in the cynomogus monkeys. This relationship was reversed for serum levels of triglycerides, phosphorus, red blood cell counts and lymphocytes. EKG analysis revealed significantly increased PR interval and QRS wave duration in the cynomolgus species. However, there were no differences in heart rate. Right axis deviation was common in both species.     

Dopamine of the caudate nucleus in Perodictious potto, Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis]

The dopamine, dopac and tyrosinehydroxylase contents of the caudate nucleus in the prosimian Perodicticus potto and in the simii Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis have been estimated. The results do not support the hypothesis according to which the sluggishness of the potto is somehow related to a low dopamine content of part of the extrapyramidal system as found in the Parkinson-syndrome.     

Biologic data of Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, and Saimiri sciureus used for research at the Fiocruz primate center

Physiological parameters of laboratory animals used for biomedical research is crucial for following several experimental procedures. With the intent to establish baseline biologic parameters for non-human primates held in closed colonies, hematological and morphometric data of captive monkeys were determined. Data of clinically healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were collected over a period of five years. Animals were separated according to sex and divided into five age groups. Hematological data were compared with those in the literature by Student's t test. Discrepancies with significance levels of 0.1, 1 or 5% were found in the hematological studies. Growth curves showed that the sexual dimorphism of rhesus monkeys appeared at an age of four years. In earlier ages, the differences between sexes could not be distinguished (p < 0.05). Sexual dimorphism in both squirrel monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys occurred at an age of about 32 months. Data presented in this paper could be useful for comparative studies using primates under similar conditions.     

西藏错那县发现藏南猕猴

2016年9月28日在西藏自治区错那县勒门巴民族乡斯木扎景区(27°49′34.89″N,91°43′44.77″E,海拔2 830 m)发现一群约20~30只猕猴。通过比较几种猕猴属物种的照片和相对尾长值,并查阅相关文献,确认其为藏南猕猴(Macaca munzala),这是该物种在中国印控藏南地区之外的首次记录。     

Sexual behavior in older monkeys,Macaca radiata

This report presents preliminary observational data on the sociosexual behavior of two newly formed groups of older (11.5 to 18.5 years of age, mean age of 15.3 years) bonnet monkeys observed over a period of 18 weeks. Qualitatively, their sexual behavior was similar to that of the younger mature bonnets. The males and females engaged in species-typical proceptive and receptive behavior patterns. The mean duration of copulations was somewhat shorter than that reported for younger mature bonnets. Decreased sexual function was recorded in males that were chronically ill. One male that copulated infrequently died of renal failure in the sixth week of study. Another male that was never observed copulating suffered from fatal diabetes mellitus. One male died apparently during coitus; autopsy findings were compatible with sudden cardiac death. The findings indicate that sexual dysfunction in aged primates can be a sign of serious illness. Sexual and agonistic behaviors for males correlated significantly, a finding reported in studies of rhesus macaques, which are typically a more aggressive macaque subspecies. Low sexual behavior during the first six-week period in Group A was correlated with a high amount of grooming. Possibly, increased grooming by females serves as a reactive behavior under conditions which do not allow sexual outlet.     

Competition among female long-tailed macaques,Macaca fascicularis

In species with permanent groups, the groups tend to move toward a size where competition for food regulates female fitness. Hence, one would expect females to use behavioural means to gain a reproductive advantage over other females in the group. Their competitive ability is likely to reflect dominance rank and age. Adult female Sumatran long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in four different groups were studied. Females of a higher dominance rank had a total food intake equal to or higher than that of the lower-ranking females, acquired it at a lower energy cost and probably ate food of higher quality. The older and lower-ranking females avoided competition by more often moving away from the centre of the group. Mortality fell more heavily on females who were less frequently present in the main party. High-ranking females tended to produce more offspring surviving to 1-year, with top-ranking females tending to out-reproduce all others. It is concluded that safety monopolization was the predominant mode of competition among the females caused by the monopolization of clumped food within the main party by high-ranking females.     

Inhibin-like and gonadotropin-like immunoreactivity in pituitary cells of male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis,Macaca mulatta)

Summary Inhibin-like immunoreactivity was detected by immunocytochemistry in the pituitaries of untreated male crab-eating macaques (cynomolgus monkey) and rhesus monkeys, in rhesus monkeys actively immunized against FSH, and in one orchidectomized crab-cating macaque. Localizations were performed by the immunogold-silver staining with 5-nm colloidal gold-conjugated second or third antibodies and by the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline-phosphatase technique. Two different inhibin-specific antisera, raised against the -subunit or the entire inhibin molecule, provided identical staining patterns. Positive label was confined to the pars distalis of the pituitary and occurred exclusively in the cytoplasm of morphologically different cell types throughout the pars distalis in all pituitaries. Staining was most prominent in clusters of chromophobic cells. The presence of inhibin-like activity in the pituitary of an orchidectomized monkey with undetectable serum inhibin levels suggests that inhibin is produced within the pituitary gland. Co-localization studies for the -subunits of the gonadotropic hormones revealed that on average 82% of the gonadotropes were bihormonal. Using the same protocol, co-localization of inhibin-like activity with gonadotropin-like immunoreactivity revealed only a small degree of common distribution (<15%). Inhibinpositive cells were frequently in close proximity to gonadotropic cells and, thus, paracrine effects of inhibin on gonadotropin-synthesizing cells are conceivable.     

Transmission of Sarcocystis suihominis from humans to swine to nonhuman primates (Pan troglodytes, Macaca mulatta, Macaca irus).

Sporocysts of Sarcocystis suihominis obtained from human feces were used to infect swine. Heart, tongue, and skeletal muscle from experimentally infected and noninfected control swine were fed via stomach tube to nonhuman primates including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus). All primates fed infected swine tissues shed sporocysts beginning 13 to 15 days postinfection and were still shedding sporocysts at the conclusion of the experiment, 30 days postinfection. Rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys were fed infected swine tissues a second time and shed sporocysts. All primates remained in good health throughout both experiments and exhibited no unusual clinical signs as a result of infection.     

Prevalence of antibody reaction with cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 antigen in Macaca cyclopis, Macaca fascicularis, and Papio anubis in Taiwan

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: A total of 284 non-human primate sera were collected between December 2004 and September 2005 and tested by a commercially available dot immunobinding assay for the antibodies to cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, an alphaherpesvirus with high mortality for infected humans. RESULTS: Seropositive rates were 58% among non-human primates from animal shelters and 38% among those from zoos and academic institutes. Positive reactors were found in three species, the Formosan macaque (Macaca cyclopis; 57%), the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis; 11%) and the olive baboon (Papio anubis; 68%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that natural infection by cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 in Formosan macaques was highly prevalent, and to a certain extent reflected the situation of the wild populations in Taiwan. The findings raised the issues of zoonotic public health and the occupational health of primate workers. High positive rate in olive baboons was also found, although, it cannot be ruled out that the positivity was due to cross-reactivity between cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 and other herpesviruses.     

Placental transfer of phenylalanine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis

We investigated placental transport mechanisms of phenylalanine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. In the beginning of the third trimester we administered i.v. phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine to pregnant animals. Initial higher phenylalanine concentrations were observed followed by a rapid decrease in both rhesus mothers and fetuses when compared with phenylalanine levels in fascicularis mothers and fetuses. In general, however, placental transfer mechanisms of phenylalanine did not differ significantly between the two species.