长瓣兜兰的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称长瓣兜兰（Paphiopedilum dianthum Tanget Wang）。2材料类别种子。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）1／2MS＋马铃薯汁100mg·L-1（单位下同）;（2）MS＋马铃薯汁100;（3）1／2MS＋100mL·L-1椰乳;（4）MS＋100mL·L-1椰乳。原球茎继代增殖培养基：（5）1／2MS＋6-BA0．2＋NAA0．5＋100mL·L-1椰孚L;（6）1／2MS＋6-BA0．2＋NAA1．O＋100mL·L-1椰乳。壮苗及生根培养基：（7）1／2MS＋吲哚丁酸（IBA）0．2＋2g·L-1活性炭;（8）1／2MS＋IBA0．4＋2g·L-1活性炭。以上培养基均加2．0％蔗糖和0．6％琼脂,pH5．2。5．4。培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度为30-40μmol·m-2·S-1,光照时间为12h．d-1。     

本泌桉的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称本泌桉（Eucalyptus Benthamii Maiden＆Cambage）。2材料类别茎段、茎尖。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。芽诱导培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA1．0mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1。增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA0．6＋NAA0．1;（3）MS＋6-BA0．2＋IBA0．1。生根培养基：（4）MS＋IBA0．3;（5）MS＋IBA0．1。以上培养基均含30g．L-1蔗糖、6．5g·L-1琼脂,pH5．8。培养温度（25±1）℃,光照强度为40-50gm01．m-2．s-1,光照时间12h．d-1。     

岩生肥皂草的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 岩生肥皂草（Saponaria ocymoides L．）。2材料类别茎尖和节间茎段。3培养条件 以MS为基本培养基,另加3％蔗糖和0．7％琼脂粉,pH5．85。分化、增殖培养基为：（1）MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0-2：（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．2。生根培养基为：（5）MS＋IBA0．2;（6）MS＋IBA0．4。培养温度（25＋2）℃;     

毛冬青的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 毛冬青（Ilex pubescens Hook．et Am．）。 2材料类别 成熟果实。 3培养条件 基本培养基为1／2MS。（1）种子无菌发芽培养基：1／2MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋IBA0．2;（2）丛芽增殖培养基：1／2MS＋6-BA1．0＋IBA0．2;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．5。     

毛蕊铁线莲的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称毛蕊铁线莲（Clematis lasiandra Maxim．）,别名小木通、丝瓜花。2材料类别带芽茎段、节间和叶片。3培养条件诱导培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．05＋3％蔗糖;（2）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．1＋2,4-D0．1＋3％蔗糖;（3）MS＋6-BA2．O＋NAA0．1＋3％蔗糖。增殖分化培养基：（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．1＋3％蔗糖;（5）MS＋6．BA2．0＋NAA0．1＋2,4-D0．01＋3％蔗糖;（6）MS＋6．BA2．0＋NAA0．05＋3％蔗糖。生根培养基：（7）1／4MS＋NAA0．5＋0．1％活性炭＋15％蔗糖。所有培养基均附加0．6％琼脂粉,pH5．8-6．0,培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度为3040gm01．m-2．S-1,光照时间为14h．d-1。     

斑皮柠檬桉的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称斑皮柠檬桉[Corymbia citriodora ssp．variegata（F．Muell．）K．D．Hill＆L．A．S．Johnson]。2材料类别带腋芽的茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为DCR和MS。（1）诱导培养基：2DCR＋6-BA1．0mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．05;（2）继代增殖培养基：2DCR＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．05;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0．8＋IBA0．5。以上培养基中均加入2％蔗糖和0．5％琼脂,     

草原老鹳草的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称草原老鹳草（Geranium pratense L．）。2材料类别种子、根状茎、叶片。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）MS;芽诱导与增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA0．2mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．02,（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0．05,（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．2,（5）MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．2;生根培养基：（6）1／2MS,（7）112MS＋2g．L-1活性炭。培养基中附加0．6％琼脂和3％蔗糖,pH5．8。培养室温度为（24±2）℃,光照强度为50-60lamol·m-2．s-1,光照时间为12h．d-1（吕晋慧等2005）。     

姜薯的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称姜薯（Dioscorea alata L．）。 2材料类别块根。 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。（1）诱导培养基：MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋6-BA0．5;（2）芽分化培养基：MS＋6-BA3．0＋NAA0．5;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0．5＋IBA0．5。     

盐爪爪的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称盐爪爪[Kalidium foliatum（Pall．）Moq．]。别名：着叶盐爪爪、灰碱柴。2材料类别无菌苗幼嫩茎段。3培养条件（1）愈伤组织诱导培养基：MS＋6．BA2．0mg．L-1（单位下同）＋2,4．D3．0;（2）不定芽诱导培养基：MS＋6-BA2．0＋NAA0．5;（3）继代增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．5＋GA0．5：（4）生根培养基：1／2MS＋IBA0．2。上述培养基均添加3％蔗糖和0．7％琼脂,pH5．8—6．0。     

北京颐和园古楸树的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 古楸树（Catalpa bungei C．A．Mey．）,又名金丝楸、梓桐。2材料类别春梢幼嫩顶芽及茎段。3培养条件MS为基本培养基。（1）启动培养基：MS＋6．BA0．8mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6．BA1．8＋NAA0．3;（3）壮苗培养基：1／2MS＋6-BA0．4＋NAA0．1;（4）生根培养基：1／2MS＋IBA0．3＋NAA0．05。以上培养基（1）和（2）中蔗糖浓度为3．0％,     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism