安徽省城市居民储藏物中孳生粉螨群落组成及多样性研究

从安徽省15个城市居民储藏物中采集了48种样本,采用水膜镜检法和电热集螨法进行粉螨的分离,并进行螨种的鉴定及计数。检获粉螨27种,隶属于7科19属。其平均孳生密度为28.65±7.6只/g,物种丰富度指数为2.70,物种多样性指数为2.62,物种均匀度指数为0.89。其群落组成较为多样化,粉螨污染储藏物的情况严重。     

安徽省储藏物孳生粉螨的群落组成及多样性分析

目的调查安徽省粉螨的物种组成多样性。方法对每个城市选取储藏环境中的储粮、经济作物和干果等进行粉螨标本的采集、鉴定、计数及数据分析。结果共检获粉螨31种,隶属于7科20属。自北而南的淮北平原、江淮丘陵、皖中平原、皖南山地中,皖南山地平均孳生密度最高为46只/g,物种丰富度指数为1.38,物种多样性指数为2.7,物种均匀度指数为0.92。结论安徽省粉螨污染储藏物的情况较为严重,粉螨群落组成较为多样化,应采取有效防螨措施。     

阜阳地区居室环境中粉螨的群落组成和多样性

目的调查安徽省阜阳地区居室环境中粉螨的群落组成和多样性。方法于2009年7月,选择100户家庭进行样本采集,每居室环境中取4个采样点,对采集到的地面灰尘、床面灰尘、家具灰尘及衣物灰尘进行粉螨的分离、鉴定、计数和数据分析。结果共检获粉螨3609只,隶属于6科15属,共19种。对4类居室灰尘中粉螨群落多样性分析表明:它们的丰富度指数为0.89~2.09,多样性指数为1.28~1.83,均匀度指数为0.65~0.71。结论粉螨群落的结构及多样性与其生境条件直接相关;阜阳地区人居环境粉螨孳生密度较高(48.5%),应加强防螨措施。     

粉螨污染储藏干果的调查研究

目的调查粉螨污染储藏干果状况及其孳生种类、密度、物种多样性和种群动态。方法从安徽某些城市干果商店(仓库)和中药店(仓库)采集食用干果和药用干果,分离其中的孳生粉螨。结果从60种干果样本中共分离出粉螨18种,隶属于6科16属,其中以甜果螨、家食甜螨、害嗜鳞螨和腐食酪螨为主。结论贮藏干果孳生粉螨种类较多,虫口密度较高,因此,应采取措施控制粉螨孳生以降低粉螨对人类健康的危害。     

淮南地区屋宇生态系粉螨群落组成和多样性研究

为了调查屋宇生态系中粉螨群落的物种组成和多样性,选取屋宇生态系中4种不同环境的灰尘进行粉螨采集、分类鉴定及数据分析。结果表明,44.9%标本发现粉螨,其中床面灰尘样本粉螨的阳性率为69%,地面灰尘粉螨的阳性率为52%,衣物灰尘粉螨的阳性率为32.5%和家具灰尘粉螨的阳性率为26%,检获粉螨14种,隶属于5科11属。多样性分析结果表明,4种环境的物种丰富度指数Rmargalef为0.400~1.170,Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)为1.574~2.480,Pielou指数(J)为0.967~0.978,说明温湿度及粉螨孳生食性对不同环境中粉螨群落的组成和多样性起直接限制作用,而人类干扰也是较为重要的影响因素。     

淮南地区储藏中药材孳生粉螨的群落组成及多样性

采集501种中药材样本,分别进行粉螨的分离、鉴定及计数,并利用统计学方法进行多样性分析,共检获粉螨49种,隶属于7科25属。粉螨的平均孳生密度为77．69只儋,物种丰富度指数为3．31,物种多样性指数为5．88,物种均匀度指数为1．51。其群落组成呈多样化。     

安徽省粮仓粉螨群落组成及多样性研究

选取禾谷类、油料类和副产品3类粮仓储藏物采样点各150个,每个采样点各采集样本2份,每份10g,过筛后留取尘渣,进行粉螨的采集、分类、鉴定、计数以及数据分析.共检获粉螨28种,隶属于6科17属.多样性分析结果表明3类储藏物的粉螨物种数为16～21,平均孳生密度为20.61±4.78～54.13±4.27,物种丰富度指数(Margalef指数)为1.979～2.535,多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)为2.160～2.431,均匀度指数(Pielou指数)为0.763～0.816,优势度指数(Simpson指数)为0.118～O.151,相似性指数(Jaccard指数)为0.321～O.65.其粉螨的孳生密度、多样性及相似性差异较大.     

腐食酪螨、粉尘螨传播霉菌的实验研究

探讨粉满能否携带、传播霉菌,对腐食酪螨(Tyrophagus putrescentiae)和粉尘螨(Dermatophagoides farinae)传播5种霉菌进行实验观察,并对自然环境中分离出的腐食酪螨和粉尘螨进行霉菌培养。结果表明,无论是实验条件下,还是自然情况下,腐食酪螨和粉尘螨均可携带、传播霉菌,两者无明显差异(p>0.05),且腐食酪螨和粉尘螨携带、传播霉菌不受其种类的影响。因此认为粉螨是携带、传播霉菌的重要媒介之一,应积极控制粉螨孳生,减少粉螨和霉菌对人类的危害。     

粉螨危害储藏中药材的实验研究

随机选取１０种中药材分别进行直接孵育（自然组）、高压灭菌后直接孵育（对照组）、高压灭菌并接种腐良酪螨后孵育（试验组）、高压灭菌并接种粉尘螨后孵育（试验组）,探讨粉螨对储藏中药材的危害。结果从自然缓和 药材中分离出螨的种数、虫口密度及真菌污染程度均较高于试验组和对照组,药材质量及重量显著下降,与其它各组相比,差异均有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）。人为接种腐食酪螨、粉尘螨的２实验组,粉螨孳生密度高,药材重量     

引起肺螨病的两种螨的季节动态

<正> 粗脚粉螨Acarus siro L、粉尘螨Derma-tophagoides farnae Hughes是贮藏物的害虫,近年来的研究发现,这些螨类还可寄生在人体呼吸系统导致肺螨病。为探讨肺螨病发病与病原螨类在其生境里的孳生情况之间的关系,作者对上述两种螨的季节消长进行了观察,现将结果报道如下。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.