Melanin and dopa-positive cells in the skin of tropical cattle.

Various histochemical and histological techniques were used to study the melanin and dopa-positive cell distribution in the skin of some tropical and temperate breeds of cattle in Nigeria. Melanin pigments were concentrated in the basal and lower spinous layers of the epidermis and in the hair cortex, follicle sheaths and papillae of the various breeds. In the White Fulani and N'Dama breeds, melanin pigments were however found in all layers of the epidermis. Dopa-positive cells (melanocytes) were observed in the epidermis, dermis and hair follicles; the distribution pattern varied among breeds, being copiously disposed in the basal epidermis and papillary dermis in the White Fulani and Muturu and, except in areas of thick epidermal ridges, scanty in the epidermis and dermis of the Friesian and N'Dama. Mast cell distribution pattern in the various breeds was similar to that of the dopa-positive cells. Peroxidase-positive cells were present in the basal epidermis and upper dermis of the Muturu, widespread in the subepidermal layer of the N'Dama and very scanty in the dermis of the White Fulani and Friesian. Acid phosphatase activity was intense in the granular layer of the Muturu and N'Dama breeds and also in the papillary dermis and hair follicles, whereas alkaline phosphatase-positive dendritic cells, and 'clear' cells were also observed in the basal and upper epidermis.     

桃儿七种子休眠解除过程中细胞壁代谢及种皮超微结构的变化北大核心CSCD

为探究低温层积过程中桃儿七种子细胞壁代谢及种皮超微结构与休眠解除的内在联系,该研究通过低温层积解除桃儿七种子休眠,分析休眠解除过程中种子不同部位细胞壁组分及相关代谢酶的变化,同时利用扫描电镜对种皮的超微结构进行观察。结果表明,(1)桃儿七种皮主要由角质层、栅状石细胞层及海绵组织层3层构成,在层积过程中,种皮内部的海绵组织逐步疏松膨胀,种皮表面破损加剧;(2)种子不同部位的细胞壁组分具有明显差异,整个层积过程中,种胚、种皮和胚乳中的纤维素含量均在层积中期(45 d和60 d)降至最低,3个部位的纤维素酶活性在层积中期对应升高;种胚和种皮内的半纤维素含量均在层积中期显著下降,种皮中甘露聚糖酶活性和木糖苷酶活性在层积中期时相应达到最大;3个部位的果胶含量均在层积后期(75 d和90 d)时显著下降,而种皮和胚乳中多聚半乳糖醛缩酶活性也在层积后期相应升高;(3)种胚和胚乳内过氧化物酶活性在层积75 d和90 d时明显下降,而SOD活性在此时显著上升。(4)种子不同部位3种木质素单体的组成比例具有明显区别,同时3种木质素单体含量均随层积时间的延长而显著降低,且胚乳和种皮中的S-木质素含量对种子萌发存在显著的负向影响关系。研究认为,在低温层积过程中,桃儿七种子内细胞壁组分纤维素、半纤维素及木质素的逐步酶解,活性氧作用下的细胞壁松弛以及海绵组织层的疏松膨胀和种皮的破裂,破坏了细胞壁的刚性结构,促使种子机械束缚力降低,吸水性能提高、胚根生长能力增强,最终导致其休眠解除。     

化学除草剂对农田生物群落的影响

从直接作用和间接作用两个方面,在个体、种群和群落3个水平上综述了化学除草剂对农田植物、动物和微生物群落的影响,并提出了今后需要加强研究的几个问题(1)残留在作物和杂草植株内的除草剂及其代谢产物通过食物链和生物富集作用对农田动物群落各级消费者造成的影响;(2)非作物生境使用化学除草剂对毗邻作物生境天敌群落的影响,以及作物生境使用除草剂对邻近非作物生境天敌群落的影响;(3)由除草剂长期使用引起的杂草群落演替、多样性下降、地表覆盖物和地下生物量减少对土壤动物和微生物群落的物种组成、分布、丰富度及其生态功能的影响;(4)化学除草剂与杀虫剂和化肥等其他农用化学品对农田生物群落的联合作用。     

洞庭湖景观格局变化及其对水文调蓄功能的影响

景观格局影响并决定着湿地水文调蓄过程和功能。基于洞庭湖区1980、1990、2000和2005年的景观格局数据和相应4年的水文实测数据,利用灰色关联分析,探讨了洞庭湖景观格局变化对水文调蓄功能的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,洞庭湖区景观格局指数与调蓄功能存在不同程度的相关性,其中调蓄量与最大斑块指数和聚合度指数关联度最大,分别为0.77和0.75,说明景观中的优势斑块大小以及同质斑块间的连通性有利于湖区调蓄能力的增加。泥沙沉积率与斑块数、形状指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数关联度也较大,变化于0.7—0.78之间,说明景观的破碎化程度,多样性,形状复杂度的增大会加大湖区泥沙沉积率。分流比、分沙比与景观格局指数的关联度均较小。景观类型指数与调蓄量的关联度分析表明,水田、林地和水体的最大斑块指数和聚合度指数与调蓄量关联度均较高,说明水田、林地和水体最大斑块面积和聚合度的增大有效增大了湖区调蓄能力。     

基于投入产出的中国省际农业水-土-碳足迹流动分析

水-土-碳多要素耦合研究是近年来资源环境领域的热点之一。开展农业水-土-碳足迹流动分析有助于揭示农业生产和贸易带来的跨区域环境影响,对不同区域资源可持续管理和协同减排具有重要意义。以中国30个省级行政区为研究对象,基于投入产出方法科学识别不同省区农业水、土、碳足迹的空间格局、流动特征及关联状况。主要结论如下：（1）省域尺度农业水、土、碳足迹具有较大的空间差异,这归因于自然条件、社会经济、产业结构、耕作方式及种植结构等的区域差异;（2）农业水、土、碳足迹流动主要从西部和北部流向东部和东南部地区,这与农产品市场供需关系密切相关,表明东部和东南部地区农产品消费导致了西部和北部地区资源的虚拟占用和隐含碳排放;（3）农业水、土、碳足迹及其强度之间存在一定程度的关联关系,经济发展状况、地区产业结构、自然条件状况等因素均会影响某一要素或几种要素的消耗强度,进而影响其关联作用;农业水、土、碳足迹流动表现出明显的关联性特征,空间关联网络存在不均衡性,关联渠道有待丰富;（4）建议未来加强农业技术革新,提高机械化、智能化生产水平;通过土地规模化经营实现水土资源的节约集约利用;开展基于水-土-碳跨区域影响的横向农业生态补偿,实现中国省际协同减排和资源优化。     

Biomimetic nanosystems and novel composite nanobiomaterials

Biophysicochemical approaches to the solution of nanotechnology problems associated with the design of functional biomimetic nanosystems, hybrid and composite nanobiomaterials and study of their structure-function relationships. The results of studies concerned with physicochemical mechanisms of the formation of organized biomimetic nanostructures and bioinorganic nanomaterials in systems involving a bulky liquid phase and the interface (gas-liquid, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid)during the synthesis and structure formation with the participation of the components of colloid systems, inorganic nanoparticles of various composition and clusters of metals, surfactants, polyelectrolytes and their complexes are discussed. In the development of the methods for the formation of composite bioinorganic nanosystems containing inorganic nanocomponents, two major approaches were used: adsorption and incorporation into the biomolecular matrix or colloid system of presynthesized inorganic nanoparticles, as well as the synthesis of the inorganic nanophase immediately in the biomolecular system. The methods of obtaining biomaterials and nanosystems are based on the principles of biomimetics, biomineralization, self-assembly and self-organization, combination and integration of a number of synthetic and physicochemical methods (physical and chemical adsorption, Langmuir technique, the formation of polycomplexes, chemical linking, competitive interactions, and substitution of ligands in supramolecular and coordination complexes) and nanocomponents of different nature. In particular, a novel approach to the preparation of highly organized nanofilm materials was developed, which is based on the effect of self-assembly and self-organization of colloid nanoparticles during the formation of their complexes with polyfunctional biogenic ligands in the volume of the liquid phase in the absence of any surfaces and interfaces. The physical and chemical factors responsible for the formation of structurally ordered biomolecular and composite nanosystems including nano-sized components of different nature and the possibilities to control the composition, structure, and properties of resulting nanomaterials and nanosystems are discussed. The experimental methods and approaches developed may be useful in studies of structure-property relationships and basic mechanisms of structural organization and transformation at the nanoscales level in biological, artificial, and hybrid nanosystems. The problems of practical application of the synthetic methods and the corresponding nanomaterials are discussed.     

奥沙利铂联合参芪扶正注射液对原发性肝癌患者AFP与GP73 水平的影 响及临床疗效

目的:探讨奥沙利铂联合参芪扶正注射液对原发性肝癌患者AFP,GP73及临床疗效的影响。方法:收集我院收治的原发性肝癌患者80例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各40例,对照组患者给予奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨化疗,实验组患者在此基础上给予参芪扶正注射液静脉滴注。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清AFP及GP73水平、生活质量以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者的AFP、GP73水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的AFP、GP73水平较高,生活质量提高率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),临床治疗总有效率以及总稳定率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:奥沙利铂联合参芪扶正注射液能够降低原发性肝癌患者AFP,GP73水平,提高患者生活质量,临床疗效较好。     

周期性气候变化与人类适应

从古至今,气候变化特别是周期性气候变化,一直深刻影响着人类社会的变革和发展,从旧石器时代人类起源迁移、新石器时代文化文明演变、历史时期王朝兴衰更替,到工业化以来社会经济发展动荡等,无不留下周期性气候变化影响的烙印。本文依据近年来古气候、古人类、环境考古等研究的新证据、新进展,从周期性气候变化的角度审视人类社会各个发展阶段、关键节点的气候特征;通过典型案例,介绍和分析旧石器、新石器、历史时期不同时空尺度周期性气候变化和人类活动之间复杂的相互作用关系,讨论自然科学和人文社会科学对气候变化与人类活动关系认识的异同,阐述在学科交叉背景下研究气候与人类活动关系的新范式。     

Effects of the administration of corticosterone,parathyroid hormone,or both,and of their withdrawal,on rat bone and cartilage histomorphometric parameters,and on osteoprotegerin and RANKL mRNA expression and proteins

We have studied the effects of the treatment with corticosterone (CORT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or both (CORT + PTH), and of their withdrawal (CORT-rec and CORT + PTH-rec), on the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) localization and expression and on histomorphometric parameters in primary and secondary spongiosa of rat femur and tibia metaphyses. In the secondary spongiosa of the CORT group, the bone remodeling and the OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio decreased. In the PTH group, the bone turnover and the structural and connectivity indices increased, and the OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio fell; this ratio rose, however, in the primary spongiosa. In the CORT + PTH group, remodeling values intermediate between those of the CORT and PTH groups, were detected in the secondary spongiosa, where OPG and RANKL mRNA rose. Return towards control values was found in the recovery groups. The Cartilage Growth Plate Width was reduced in the CORT and CORT + PTH groups and returned to normal values in the recovery groups, while it was not affected by PTH. Independently of treatments, both OPG and RANKL mRNA and proteins were co-localized in the same cartilage and bone cells and in several bone marrow cells. In conclusion, the catabolic effects induced by CORT treatment occur together with an OPG fall and a RANKL rise. In the PTH group in which the bone turnover increase, the OPG and RANKL mRNA expressions differ in the primary and secondary spongiosa, confirming that the bone tissue in these sites can have different metabolic trends.     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR, flt4) and vascular endothelial growth inhibitor in the bovine uterus during the sexual cycle and their correlation with serum sex steroids

The present study was conducted to demonstrate of the immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR and flt4) as well as vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) and to determine the correlation of VEGF and its receptors and VEGI with serum sex steroids (estrogen and progesterone) in the bovine uterus during the sexual cycle. The stage of the estrous cycle in 30 Holstein cattle was assessed based on the gross and histological appearance of the ovaries and uterus and on blood steroid hormone levels. Tissue samples obtained from the uterus were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for routine histological processing. During both follicular and luteal phases, positive cytoplasmic and membrane staining was achieved for VEGF and its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR and flt4) as well as VEGI in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, the connective tissue and smooth muscle cells, and the vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the uterus. The intensity, proportional and total scores determined for VEGF and its receptors (flt1/fms and flt4) as well as VEGI were greater in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells compared to the connective tissue and smooth muscle cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number and intensity of the flk1/KDR positive cells were greater among the connective tissue cells compared to the luminal and glandular epithelial cells (P < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that the expression of VEGF and its receptors as well as VEGI in the bovine uterus during the follicular and luteal phases varied with different cell types. This suggests that depending on the stage of the sexual cycle, these factors may mediate the establishment of an appropriate environment for the nutritional supply and implantation of the embryo primarily due to the stimulation of angiogenesis but also through the increase in the secretory activity of the epithelial cells in the uterus. Furthermore, this indicates that ovarian steroid hormones play a significant role in regulating the expression of VEGF and its receptors as well as VEGI.     

不同类型土壤小麦-水稻轮作体系施用含重金属污泥的环境效应

采用贵州黄壤、石灰土和浙江水稻土,通过盆栽试验探讨了在3种土壤上施用含不同浓度重金属的污泥对小麦、水稻生长及锌(Zn)镉(Cd)吸收性的影响.结果表明： 不同土壤施用同种污泥所产生的重金属污染风险不同,在黄壤和水稻土上施用高浓度重金属污泥对作物的污染风险较高.一次施用Zn、Cd浓度分别为1789、8.47 mg·kg-1的污泥1.6%,使黄壤小麦籽粒中Zn、Cd浓度分别达109、0.08 mg·kg-1;第二次施用后种植水稻,糙米中Zn、Cd浓度达52.0、0.54 mg·kg-1.而施用污泥后石灰性土壤的两种作物其可食部分均无重金属污染风险.土壤醋酸铵提取态Zn是影响麦粒和糙米中Zn浓度的主要因素,而土壤醋酸铵提取态Cd对麦粒和糙米中Cd浓度无明显影响.施用高浓度重金属污泥使3种土壤Zn、Cd全量显著提高,且两次施用后土壤全量Zn均超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准.     

基于生态系统服务视角的山水林田湖草生态保护与修复——以洞庭湖流域为例

山水林田湖草系统保护与修复的重要目标是维护和提升区域生态系统服务。基于山水林田湖草生命共同体理念,以维护和提升人类福祉所需的重要生态系统服务为目标,提出生态系统服务视角下的山水林田湖草系统治理框架,以实现流域生态系统整体保护、质量提升和格局优化。基于该框架,以洞庭湖流域为例,通过流域生态系统格局、生态系统质量状况分析、流域生态系统服务重要性评估和生态问题识别,构建流域生态安全格局,为实现可持续的山水林田湖草生命共同体提出系统保护与修复布局建议。通过洞庭湖流域的分析案例为流域山水林田湖草生态保护与修复重要区域的识别提供了可借鉴的指标和定量分析方法,为流域尺度构建生态安全格局、实现山水林田湖草系统保护和修复提供思路和途径。     

鱼蛋白有机液肥对小粉土酶活性和微生物生物量碳、氮的影响

采用恒温土壤培养方法,研究了4种不同鱼蛋白有机液肥施用量[0(对照)、0.5、1.5、2.5 ml·kg-1]条件下小粉土酶活性和微生物生物量碳、氮的变化,及其与土壤养分的相关关系.结果表明:在整个培养过程中,不同鱼蛋白有机液肥施用量处理下土壤pH值变化范围为7.07～7.31,与对照无显著差异;土壤磷酸酶活性显著增强,分别为对照的1.27、1.90、1.96倍;土壤脲酶活性分别比对照提高39.81%、78.06%、173.24%;蛋白酶活性比对照提高56.37%、108.29%、199.98%;土壤微生物生物量碳、氮均随肥料添加量的增加而逐渐增大,分别为对照的1.67、3.95、4.74倍和1.21、2.43、4.06倍.土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性以及土壤微生物生物量碳、氮在不同施用量处理下达到峰值点的时间不同.土壤磷酸酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮与土壤养分均呈显著正相关.施用鱼蛋白有机液肥可以显著促进小粉土微生物的生长及酶活性的提高,从而促进土壤有机质的分解转化和速效养分的释放.     

阿拉伯海区域气溶胶时空动态变化及海域叶绿素a浓度特征

基于2003—2017年的MODIS/Aqua气溶胶和海洋叶绿素a浓度遥感数据资料,分析了阿拉伯海域气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的时空动态变化及海域叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)特征,并探讨了该海域气溶胶和海洋叶绿素a浓度的关系。结果表明:阿拉伯海区域AOD和Chl-a的空间分布都呈现出显著的季节性变化,且总体呈现出由近岸向外海逐渐降低的特征,其大小和分布受到陆源沙尘影响显著;海域AOD夏季高于春季,冬季高于秋季,15年间海域AOD整体呈现增加趋势,其中东部海域增加较明显,北部海域无显著变化;海域Chl-a秋冬季明显高于春夏季,变异性较高;由春冬季AOD与Chl-a的相关系数分析发现,二者相关性在阿拉伯海西北部区域显著性相关,且呈现出由北向南、由近海岸向外海区逐渐减弱的趋势。     

Sources of the adventitious microflora of a smear-ripened cheese

AIMS: To determine the relationships between the major organisms from the cheese-making personnel and environment and the surface of a smear cheese. METHODS AND RESULTS: 360 yeast and 593 bacteria from the cheese surface, the dairy environment and the hands and arms of personnel were collected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction and 16S rDNA sequencing were used for typing and identifying the bacteria, and mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for typing and identifying the yeast. The three most dominant bacteria were Corynebacterium casei, Corynebacterium variabile and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, which were divided into three, five and seven clusters, respectively, by macrorestriction analysis. The same clones from these organisms were isolated on the cheese surface, the dairy environment and the skin of the cheese personnel. Debaryomyces hansenii was the most dominant yeast. CONCLUSIONS: A 'house' microflora exists in the cheese plant. Although the original source of the micro-organisms was not identified, the brines were an important source of S. saprophyticus and D. hansenii and, additionally, the arms and hands of the workers the sources of C. casei and C. variabile. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first time that the major contribution of the house microflora to the ripening of a smear-ripened cheese has been demonstrated.     

Development of the mouthparts in embryos of Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Insecta,Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)

The asymmetric “punch and suck” mouthparts of larval Haplothrips verbasci develop from paired appendages in the late, post-anatrepsis embryo similar to those of other insects. Later, the labrum flexes ventrally over the stomodaeum, the right mandibular appendage degenerates, the maxillary appendages divide into inner (lacinial) and outer (stipital) lobes, and the hypopharynx arises from the venters of the mandibular and maxillary segments. All cephalic segments consolidate anteriorly prior to katatrepsis, their appendages flex ventrally, and the labial appendages fuse medially to form the labium and the primordia of the salivary glands and valve. The left mandible and the lacinial lobes of the maxillae invaginate into the head during and after katatrepsis to form the mandibular and maxillary stylet-secreting organs and these later deposit the cuticle of their respective stylets. Cuticle of the mandibular lever is deposited by labral cells at the apex of the mandibular sheath during and after hatching. That of each maxillary lever is secreted simultaneously into the lumen of a ventrally-directed diverticulum developing from stipital cells at the apex of each maxillary sheath. Shortly after katatrepsis, the maxillary and labial palpi originate respectively from cells in the outer wall of each stipital lobe and at the apex of the labium. Muscles of the mouthparts arise after katatrepsis from cephalic mesoderm and are fully-differentiated before cuticle of the mandibular and maxillary levers has been deposited. Gnathal morphogenesis in embryos of H. verbasci resembles that occurring in bug embryos and provides additional evidence that Thysanoptera and Hemiptera evolved from a common psocopteroid stem species having small, paired, biting and chewing mandibles and well developed lacinial stylets.     

不同生态地理区域杉木人工林土壤微生物及生化活性的研究

 本文研究了广西龙胜县里骆林区、宜山县庆远林区、岑溪县七坪林区和田林县老山林区四种不同生态地理区域杉木人工林土壤微生物及其生化活性。研究结果表明：1．土壤微生物的总数及各类群数量均以龙胜县里骆林区和田林县老山林区杉木人工林土壤最高,岑溪县七坪林区次之,宜山县庆远林区最低。2．土壤生化活性包括土壤氮的转化强度,土壤碳的氧化代谢能力和土壤酶活性,也均以龙胜县里骆林区和田林县老山林区杉木人工林土壤最强,岑溪县七坪林区次之,宜山县庆远林区最弱。3．四种不同生态地理区域杉木人工林生长状况与土壤微生物的数量分布和生化活性表现相似规律,龙胜县里骆林区和田林县老山林区杉木人工林林木生长最好,岑溪县七坪林区次之,宜山县庆远林区最差。     

以疏勒河流域为例的“山水林田湖草”生态修复多尺度耦合框架及方法

为解决过去保护修复工程只考虑单要素、单一类型生态系统的问题,我国于2016年开展了“山水林田湖草”生态修复工程,旨在通过整体、系统、综合的方法对各类生态系统进行统筹治理。然而,目前的工程治理中仍然存在对系统内部及系统间耦合概念理解不充分、系统耦合机制不明晰、对“尺度”的关注不足、缺少科学的分析方法等问题,制约了保护修复的成效。对此,首先将多个尺度下的耦合研究方法进行归纳总结,并以国家重点冰川水源涵养区及生物多样性保护优先区——疏勒河流域为例,将耦合方法用于分析要素间、自然生态系统间的耦合关系,最后基于该实例研究,提出多尺度耦合分析框架与“升尺度”保护修复模式,以期帮助相关决策者明晰“山水工程”中要素、系统间的耦合关系,增强治理的科学性与有效性,进而推进我国社会与环境的可持续发展。     

Analysis of the causes of increased tremor in thyroid hyperfuction]

The authors present the results of examination of tremor (hand and trunk) of the amplitude of H- and T-reflexes and of the H-reflex inhibition during the contraction of antagonistic muscles and of facilitattion of T- and H-reflexes during the Yendrassik maneuvre in 33 children with hyperfunction of the thyroid gland and 20 normal subjects. It was established that the amplitude of tremor was greater and the frequency was less in these patients than in normal subjects; the amplitude of the H- and T-reflexes was enhanced, and the intensity of reciprocal inhibition of the soleus muscle motor neurons was less in the patients. Comparison of the amplitude of the T- and H-reflexes indicated that against the background of the Yendrassik maneuvre facilitation of the T-reflex was less intense and facilitation of the H-reflex was more intense than in normal subjects. The authors supposed that the enhanced tremor in the patients was due to the motor neurons pool depolarization, to decrease the efficacy of reciprocal inhibition and to diminished suprasegmental influences spread to the gamma-motor neurons.     

肠道微生物群与药物相互作用的研究进展

药物的代谢是机体对药物处置过程的关键步骤,而肠道作为机体中重要的微生态系统,其在药物代谢方面的作用至关重要。肠道微生物群能够对各种药物等外源化合物进行生物转化、积累,并改变这些物质的活性和毒性,从而影响宿主机体对它们的反应。肠道微生物群与药物之间的相互作用相当复杂,亟待更多更加深入、全面的发掘和研究。近年来,随着人们对肠道微生物群代谢及其与药物互作关系,肠道菌-宿主共代谢认知的不断深化,越来越多的研究表明肠道微生物在药代动力学中扮演重要角色。本文通过调研、整理、归纳和总结国内外相关文献资料,对机体肠道微生物的分类、功能,几种常用药物对肠道微生物的影响以及肠道菌群对药物的代谢作用效果与几个主要的机制进行了梳理和综述,并讨论了微生物和药物之间的双向互作。有利于增进对微生物群影响药物疗效及其代谢途径和机制的了解,提高调控肠道微生物改善治疗的可能性,为指导临床合理用药、精准用药、个体化治疗、药物的评价和新药研发等提供科学参考。