胆管癌组织中KAI1/CD82基因的表达及意义

目的:探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因KAI1/CD82在胆管癌组织中的表达情况及临床病理意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学技术检测48例胆管癌组织及8例正常胆管组织中的KAI1/CD82蛋白表达。结果:KAI1/CD82蛋白在胆管癌组织中阳性表达率31.3%,明显低于正常胆管组织(87.5%,P<0.01)。KAI1/CD82蛋白的表达与肿瘤分化程度、转移相关(P<0.05),而与胆管癌患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位和病理类型无关。结论:KAI1/CD82蛋白低表达可能参与了胆管癌的发生、发展,并对肿瘤转移的判断有一定指导意义。     

KAI1/CD82和Gli1在胃腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测胃腺癌(gastric adenocarcinoma,GAC)组织中KAI1/CD82蛋白和Gli1蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法应用免疫组织化学ElivisionTmplus法检测96例GAC组织和20例正常胃组织中KAI1/CD82蛋白和Gli1蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果胃癌组织中KAI1/CD82蛋白和Gli1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为38.5%、68.8%,正常胃黏膜组织中KAI1/CD82蛋白和Gli1蛋白阳性表达率分别为90%、0,两组之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);且KAI1/CD82蛋白和Gli1蛋白的阳性表达水平在肿瘤的不同分化程度、浸润深度、临床分期和淋巴结转移与否间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Spearman相关分析发现KAI1/CD82蛋白表达与Gli1蛋白表达之间呈负相关关系(rs=0.343,P0.005)。结论 KAI1/CD82蛋白和Gli1蛋白可能参与了胃癌的发生发展过程,早期联合检测KAI1/CD82和Gli1蛋白可以作为评估胃癌浸润、转移重要的指标。     

乙烯利暴露对早孕小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜化的影响

该研究主要探讨乙烯利(ethephon,ETH)暴露对早孕小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜化的影响.从孕第一天开始每天经口灌胃给予CD1小鼠0、71.25、142.5和285 mg/kg ETH后,于孕第七天处死小鼠.观察子宫胚胎着床数量,记录子宫重量及体重,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme linked im-munesorben...     

CD63/ME491在植入前小鼠胚胎及延迟着床小鼠子宫的表达

目的 研究肿瘤转移抑制因子CD63/ME491 mRNA和蛋白在植入前小鼠胚胎及延迟着床小鼠子宫中的表达规律,探讨其在胚胎着床过程中的作用以及雌激素对其表达的调节.方法 应用RT-PCR、免疫荧光、免疫组化技术观察CD63/ME491 mRNA和蛋白的表达规律.结果 在植入前小鼠胚胎中均有CD63/ME491 mRNA及其蛋白表达.CD63/ME491 mRNA在桑葚胚及囊胚期表达较丰富,CD63/ME491蛋白表达于各期胚胎细胞的胞膜和胞浆;CD63/ME491 mRNA在延迟着床小鼠子宫均有表达,但从D5到D8呈下降趋势,雌二醇(E2)激活后mRNA的表达显著上升(P<0.05).CD63/ME491蛋白在延迟着床D5弱表达于上皮下基质细胞,D6～8表达不明显,E2激活后该蛋白明显表达于上皮下基质细胞的胞膜和胞浆.结论 1. CD63/ME491在植入前小鼠胚胎中呈动态表达,提示它参与了胚胎的发育过程;2. CD63/ME491在小鼠子宫中的表达可能受雌激素调节.     

CD44v6和MMP-2 在子宫内膜异位症组织中的表达及相关性

目的:探讨粘附分子CD44拼构变异体6(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织中的表达及相关性。方法:选取40例异位内膜组织标本、40例在位内膜组织标本及40例正常子宫内膜标本,用免疫组织化学方法检测CD44v6和MMP-2的表达,并分析其相关性。结果:CD44v6在异位内膜组的表达明显高于在位内膜组和对照组,且对照组明显高于在位内膜组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD44v6在在位内膜组和对照组中分泌期的表达明显高于同组增生期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-2在异位内膜组和在位内膜组的表达明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);MMP-2在各组增生期和分泌期表达不规律。异位内膜组中,CD44v6和MMP-2在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示:EMs组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间呈现正相关性(r=0.724,P0.05);EMs不同分期组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间亦呈现正相关性(r=0.623,P0.05)。结论:CD44v6和MMP-2在EMs异位内膜中高表达,且有正协同作用,二者可能与EMs的发生发展有关。     

肿瘤转移抑制因子基因MRP-1/CD9对小鼠胚胎着床影响的研究

目的研究外源性MRP-1/CD9抗体对小鼠胚胎着床的影响。方法1.将8-细胞小鼠胚胎培养于含不同浓度MRP-1/CD9抗体的培养液中,观察囊胚形成及囊胚脱透明带的情况。2.妊娠D4小鼠子宫角注射MRP-1/CD9抗体,于妊娠D8观察小鼠胚胎植入数量。结果1.体外培养时,MRP-1/CD9抗体显著抑制胚胎的囊胚形成率(1:400,P<0.05)和脱带率(1∶800,P<0.05)。2.宫角注射MRP-1/CD9抗体可以显著提高小鼠胚胎的着床数(8.33±0.15vs4.57±0.21)。结论MRP-1/CD9参入小鼠胚胎的发育及植入。     

过表达CD82对植入期小鼠子宫内膜整合素αV、β3、E-cadherin和β-catenin表达的影响

目的探讨CD82对着床窗口期小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞内整合素αV、β3、E-cadherin以及β-catenin蛋白表达的影响。方法将构建的CD82腺病毒转染原代培养的小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞。检测妊娠小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞转染CD82腺病毒后,细胞内整合素αV、β3、E-cadherin和β-catenin的表达变化情况。结果提取的上皮细胞纯度为(93.2±0.6)%。构建的CD82腺病毒转染效率达到(92.0±4.5)%,转染原代培养的小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞24 h后,RT-PCR检测发现CD82基因表达明显升高。转染48 h后,Western blot检测CD82蛋白水平明显升高。免疫细胞化学检测妊娠第4天的小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞转染CD82腺病毒后,整合素αV、β3以及β-catenin的表达较未转染组均有明显上升(P0.05),但E-cadherin的表达量无明显变化(P0.05)。结论胚胎植入前,CD82可能影响小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞内整合素αV、β3和β-catenin的蛋白表达。     

早孕小鼠子宫内膜钙网蛋白的表达规律

采用RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光组织化学、Western 印迹及原位杂交技术分别检测未孕(d0)和妊娠d1、d2、d3、d4、d5、d6、d7天小鼠子宫内膜中钙网蛋白(calreticulin, CRT)的表达规律, 探讨CRT在胚胎着床中的作用.结果显示CRT mRNA在妊娠小鼠子宫内膜中的表达明显高于未孕小鼠(P <0.05), 且随着妊娠天数的增加呈逐渐增强的趋势.间接免役荧光组织化学结果显示CRT表达于子宫内膜基质细胞、腺上皮以及腔上皮, 并在妊娠第4、5天基质细胞的胞浆中呈现高峰.实验结果提示, CRT在妊娠早期子宫内膜的持续表达, 可能通过调节整合素介导的细胞信号通路而调节胚胎滋养层细胞的黏附、侵袭, 参与胚胎着床.     

干细胞相关因子在子宫内膜息肉中的表达

探讨ipo13、c-kit、CD146、bcl-2和bax在子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyp,EP)和正常内膜组织中的表达差异及临床意义。收集本院2010年3-7月行宫腔镜手术取得的40例子宫内膜息肉(病例组)与40例正常内膜组织(对照组)。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(RT-PCR)检测ipo13、c-kit、bcl-2和bax mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学S-P法检测ipo13、CD146、bcl-2和bax蛋白的表达。无论在月经周期的增生期或分泌期,EP中ipo13、c-kit、CD146和bax mRNA和蛋白的表达均低于同期正常子宫内膜组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),bcl-2均比同期正常子宫内膜增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。子宫内膜干/祖细胞活性异常和子宫内膜凋亡减少与子宫内膜息肉发病有关,其中子宫内膜干/祖细胞活性异常使内膜凋亡减少可能是EP发病的主要因素。     

孕激素诱导cyclin G1在小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞的表达及其对细胞增殖的影响

本文在体外培养条件下研究卵巢激素诱导小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞cyclin G1的表达及细胞增殖和细胞周期进程的变化,以探讨孕激素依赖的细胞周期调控因子cyclin G1对子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖的负调控作用.原代培养小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞,待其生长汇合后分为4组:对照组(C组)、雌激素组(E组)、孕激素组(P组)、雌、孕激素共同作用组(EP组).加入相应激素作用24 h后,用细胞免疫化学方法检测各组细胞cyclin G1的表达水平:四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测各组细胞活力,间接观察子宫内膜上皮细胞的增殖情况;用流式细胞仪检测分布在细胞周期各时相的子宫内膜上皮细胞所占百分数.细胞免疫化学结果显示,cyclin G1在C组和E组子宫内膜上皮细胞上无明显表达,而在P组和EP组子宫内膜上皮细胞中表达明显,且定位于细胞核内.MTT法结果显示,与C组相比,E组细胞活力明显增高,而P组和EP组的细胞活力均明显下降,表明雌激素能促进子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖,而孕激素则具有抑制子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖的作用.流式细胞术检测显示,与C组相比,E组中处于S期的子宫内膜上皮细胞百分数增多;P组与EP组中处于S期的子宫内膜上皮细胞百分数明显减少,而处于G1期的细胞百分数和G2/M期的细胞百分数则明显增加.上述结果提示,孕激素依赖的cyclin G1可能通过阻滞细胞周期进程来参与孕激素对子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖的负调控作用.     

KAI1/CD82 suppresses hepatocyte growth factor- induced migration of hepatoma cells via upregulation of Sprouty2

We conducted a study concerning the suppressive mechanism of KAI1/CD82 on hepatoma cell metastasis.Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)induces the migration of hepatoma cells through activation of cellular sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1).Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of KAI1(Ad-KAI1)downregulates the SphK1 expression and suppresses the HGF-induced migration of SMMC-7721 human hepatocellcular carcinoma cells.Overexpression of KAI1/CD82 significantly elevates Sprouty2 at the protein level.Ablation of Sprouty2 with RNA interference can block the KAI1/CD82-induced suppression of hepatoma cell migration and downregulation of SphK1 expression.It is demonstrated that KAI1/CD82 suppresses HGF-induced migration of hepatoma cells via upregulation of Sprouty2.     

Role of a metastatic suppressor gene KAI1/CD82 in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer

Globally, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. The advancement in the targeted therapies and the slight understanding of the molecular cascades of the disease have led to small improvement in the rate of survival of breast cancer patients. However, metastasis and resistance to the current drugs still remain as challenges in the management of breast cancer patients. Metastasis, potentially, leads to failure of the available treatment, and thereby, makes the research on metastatic suppressors a high priority. Tumor metastasis suppressors are several genes and their protein products that have the capability of arresting the metastatic process without affecting the tumor formation. The metastasis suppressors KAI1 (also known as CD82) has been found to inhibit tumor metastasis in various types of solid cancers, including breast cancer. KAI1 was identified as a metastasis suppressor that inhibits the process of metastasis by regulating several mechanisms, including cell motility and invasion, induction of cell senescence, cell–cell adhesion and apoptosis. KAI1 is a member of tetraspanin membrane protein family. It interacts with other tetraspanins, chemokines and integrins to control diverse signaling pathways, which are crucial for protein trafficking and intracellular communication. It follows that better understanding of the molecular events of such genes is needed to develop prognostic biomarkers, and to identify specific therapies for breast cancer patients. This review aims to discuss the role of KAI1/CD82 as a prognosticator in breast cancer.     

KAI1/CD82 decreases Rac1 expression and cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in H1299 lung carcinoma cells

Although the KAI1/CD82 protein has been reported to inhibit cell metastasis in many studies, its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the possible effects of KAI1/CD82 on the metastatic phenotype in H1299 lung carcinoma cells. These studies were based on the pivotal role that the acquisition of motile phenotype plays on the initial steps of metastasis. KAI1/CD82‐mediated morphological changes were observed using phase contrast microscopy. We report here, that a KAI1/CD82‐induced phenotypic change was involved in the decrease of Rac1 expression and GTPase activity. However, we found that KAI1/CD82 did not regulate Rac1 mRNA levels. This suggests the existence of another regulatory mechanism of Rac1 protein maturation or activation. To identify the signaling pathway of Rac1 regulation, we investigated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, since the PI3K/Akt pathway regulates Rac1 activation and mTOR is known to play a regulatory role in protein translation. H1299/CD82‐transfectants showed lower mTOR expression and cell growth than the control group. The data obtained from this study suggested that KAI1/CD82 decreased the metastatic phenotype of H1299 lung carcinoma cells by down‐regulating Rac1 expression through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

KAI1/CD82 suppresses tumor invasion by MMP9 inactivation via TIMP1 up-regulation in the H1299 human lung carcinoma cell line

We conducted a study on the mechanism of KAI1/CD82-mediated suppression of tumor invasiveness and metastasis, and examined its effect on MMP-9 activity and the TIMP1 levels in H1299 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. The H1299 human lung carcinoma cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CD82 and stable transfectant clones that had a high KAI1/CD82 expression were obtained. We performed Western blot analysis, cell invasion assay, gelatin zymography, and RT-PCR to assess the KAI1/CD82 expression and tumor invasiveness, the MMP-9 activity, the MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, and the TIMP1 levels in the H1299/CD82 transfectant cells and compared the results with those of the control groups. The H1299/CD82 transfectants exhibited significant suppression of cell invasion, reduced MMP9 enzyme activity, elevated MMP9 mRNA and MMP-9 protein levels, and elevated TIMP1 levels. It may be postulated that KAI1/CD82 over-expression in the H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells suppresses the tumor invasiveness and metastatic potential by inducing MMP9 inactivation via the up-regulation of TIMP1.     

Anti-miR-197 inhibits migration in HCC cells by targeting KAI 1/CD82

Aim

To investigate the metastatic effects and mechanisms of miR-197 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods and results

The levels of miR-197 increased in HCC cells and tissues compared with a normal hepatic cell line (LO2) and adjacent nontumorous liver tissues, respectively. miR-197 expression negatively correlated with CD82 mRNA expression in these cell lines and tissues. Dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot confirmed a direct interaction between miR-197 and CD82 3′UTR sequences. After miR-197 was silenced in HCC cells, CD82 expression increased. In the presence of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), cells silenced for anti-miR-197 exhibited elongated cellular tails and diminished lamellipodia due to reductions in both ROCK activity and the levels of Rac 1 protein. Downregulation of miR-197 along with the upregulation of CD82 in HCC cells resulted in the inhibition of HCC migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Taken together, these data suggest that anti-miR-197 suppresses HCC migration and invasion by targeting CD82. The regulation of the miR-197/CD82 axis could be a novel therapeutic target in future HCC effective therapy.     

CD82／KA11在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达

目的探讨膀胱尿路上皮癌中CD82／KA11的表达及临床意义。方法收集武汉大学人民医院痫理科20062010年有完整临床和病理资料的膀胱尿路上皮癌存档蜡块50例和5例癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测50例膀胱尿路上皮癌和5例癌旁组织中CD82／KA11的表达水平。采用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理图文报告管理系统,对（D82／KA11的表达进行定量分析,并帽SPSS13．0软件对各组免疫组织化学反应阳性颗粒的平均光密度、阳性面积率做单㈨素方差分析和SNK（q）检验。结果CD82／KA11在膀胱尿路上皮癌中呈低表达,癌旁组织中呈高表达。膀胱尿路上皮癌与癌旁组织相比,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论CD82／KA11在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达异常可能在膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生和发展中发挥了重要作用。     

Metastasis Suppressor Tetraspanin CD82/KAI1 Regulates Ubiquitylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Ligand-induced ubiquitylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) is an important regulatory mechanism that controls endocytic trafficking of the receptor and its signaling potential. Here we report that tetraspanin CD82/KAI1 specifically suppresses ubiquitylation of EGFR after stimulation with heparin-binding EGF or amphiregulin and alters the rate of recruitment of the activated receptor to EEA1-positive endosomes. The suppressive effect of CD82 is dependent on the heparin-binding domain of the ligand. Deletion of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of CD82 (CD82ΔC mutant) inhibits endocytic trafficking of the tetraspanin and compromises its activity toward heparin-binding EGF-activated EGFR. Reduced ubiquitylation of EGFR is accompanied by PKC-dependent increase in serine phosphorylation of c-Cbl in cells expressing elevated levels of CD82. Furthermore, phosphorylation of threonine 654 (PKC phosphorylation site) in the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor is considerably increased in CD82-expressing cells. These results describe previously unsuspected links between tetraspanin proteins and ubiquitylation of their molecular partners (e.g., EGFR). Our data identify CD82 as a new regulator of c-Cbl, which discriminatively controls the activity of this E3 ubiquitin ligase toward heparin-binding ligand-EGFR pairs. Taken together, these observations provide an important new insight into the modulatory role of CD82 in endocytic trafficking of EGF receptor.     

跨膜蛋白CD82在流感病毒感染初期的表达

了解细胞跨膜蛋白CD82在流感病毒感染初期的表达变化,分析CD82在流感病毒感染中的作用。

采用逆转录−聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法对流感病毒感染4 h内的HEP-2细胞中CD82蛋白mRNA表达量进行检测。

流感病毒感染HEP-2细胞后1 h−3 h细胞 CD82的mRNA表达量降低,并且随着流感病毒接种量增加CD82表达量降低持续时间延长。

流感病毒可以在转录水平调节宿主细胞CD82的表达。CD82在流感病毒感染初期表达下降,提示CD82可能在流感病毒与宿主细胞粘附和入侵过程中发挥作用。