模拟微重力条件下WB-F344细胞的三维培养

与传统的单层平面培养相比,细胞三维培养可更好地模拟生物体内细胞的生长状态和微环境。以Cytodex-3微载体为支持物,利用旋转式细胞培养系统(RCCS)模拟微重力条件,悬浮培养法构建大鼠WB-F344细胞微重力三维培养模型。并通过细胞计数、光学显微镜、透射电镜、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和流式细胞术等方法分析了细胞增殖、显微结构、粘附分子及钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)表达情况。结果表明,模拟微重力三维培养条件下WB-F344细胞增殖块,呈紧密多层排列、可见丰富的微绒毛和线粒体、胞间有桥粒和紧密连接形成,细胞粘着力加强、表现出良好的三维生长特征;与静置三维培养相比,纤粘连蛋白(Fn)mRNA表达呈上调趋势,细胞内E-cadherin表达量增加,这可能是微重力效应下细胞粘附力增强的部分机制。该培养体系可能有利于细胞之间,细胞与胞外基质之间相互作用及其作用机制的研究。     

模拟微重力条件下对WB-F344肝干细胞表征分子表达的影响

研究大鼠WB-F344肝干细胞在旋转式细胞培养系统（RCCS）中培养进行细胞大规模扩增并保持干细胞的特性的可能性,为干细胞治疗疾病及肝组织工程提供理想的细胞来源。以WB-F344肝干细胞在RCCS中培养,以平面单层培养为对照,在培养后不同时间分别进行形态观察、流式细胞仪测细胞周期、逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测肝干细胞特异性基因甲胎蛋白（AFP）和白蛋白（ALB）的表达, 免疫荧光染色检测 AFP、ALB蛋白的表达。结果表明,RCCS培养的WB-F344细胞粘附在Cytodex-3微载体上状态生长良好,细胞增殖较平面培养有明显增加;RT-PCR和免疫荧光染色检测结果一致：模拟微重力培养组AFP的mRNA表达强度及AFP阳性细胞均显著高于平面培养组,而ALB mRNA表达强度和ALB阳性细胞均低于对照组。说明模拟微重力 培养条件下,能较好的维持肝干细胞特性,进一步证明我们建立的这种培养体系是成功的,是一种理想的肝干细胞培养模式。     

模拟微重力条件下大鼠肝细胞的三维培养及其功能

采用肝脏原位灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞,以血纤维蛋白膜作支架,在RWVB回转器提供的模拟微重力条件下,对肝细胞进行三维培养。肝细胞经连续培养28h后,细胞仍呈球状,并获得了三维培养条件下大鼠肝细胞团（约为200－300个／细胞团）。三维培养的肝细胞在培养期间具有持续分泌ALB和TBA的功能,而单层培养的肝细胞仅在接种后18d内具有一定分泌功能,之后细胞逐渐衰老死亡。三维培养的肝细胞培养至28d时仍可检测到G6PD,PFK,PGM三种糖代谢关键酶基因的转录,而单层培养的肝细胞在接种后第6d就检测不到PFK,PGM的转录。结果表明,模拟微重力条件下三维培养的肝细胞在培养期间不仅能维持正常细胞形态,而且具有稳定的分泌功能和糖代谢功能,而单层培养的肝细胞分泌功能显著下降,糖代谢功能出现异常。     

模拟微重力条件下大鼠肝细胞三维培养支架材料的筛选（简报）

组织工程是一门新兴的边缘学科,它是利用体外培养的人体功能细胞与适当的细胞外基质或支架材料相结合,然后将其移植到体内病损部位以期达到修复目的。微重力组织工程(Microgravity Tissue Engineering)是近年来由美国空间生物技术研究人员开创的一个独特研究领域,其核心技术是     

模拟微重力条件下心肌细胞的体外三维固定化培养

观察心肌细胞体外培养形成三维(3D)组织结构的能力和过程及心肌细胞在模拟微重力状态下的3D固定化培养效果。应用酶消化法从新生的乳鼠心室肌组织获取心肌细胞,以Cytodex3为心肌细胞的3D固定化培养载体,将心肌细胞固定化培养于Spinnerflask中,用扫描电镜观察心肌细胞体外培养形成的3D组织结构;以心肌细胞的代谢效率和细胞搏动强度为观察指标,比较心肌细胞在Spinnerflask及HARV(highaspectratevessel)生物反应器中3D固定化培养的差异。结果显示,心肌细胞不仅能贴附于Cytodex3上生长,且形成了具有同步自律收缩的3D组织样结构;心肌细胞在两种不同培养体系中的细胞接种效率和细胞形态没有明显差异,培养于HARV中的心肌细胞的代谢效率和细胞搏动强度均明显高于Spinnerflask培养体系。体外培养的乳鼠心肌细胞具有形成同步自律收缩的3D组织结构的能力;模拟微重力的培养环境有利于改善心肌细胞3D组织样培养物的代谢和功能 。     

HepG2细胞在模拟微重力条件下的生长研究——体外细胞三维生长模型构建

将人肝癌细胞(HepG2)接种于生物可降解支架聚羟基乙酸(polyglycolicacid,PGA)上,采用模拟微重力方法,在具有低剪应力和适宜气体扩散的旋转细胞培养系统(RCCS)中培养,构建体外三维培养模型.通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、RT-PCR、流式细胞术等方法观察分析.结果表明,细胞在此模型中生长良好,细胞呈多面体,含有丰富的微绒毛、线粒体以及胞间有紧密连接形成.该系统有利于细胞形成三维结构,更接近于体内细胞实际生长状况.另外,通过黏附分子表达分析,表明该模型重现了肝癌细胞某些体内侵袭转移特征.一些在肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移过程中具有重要作用的细胞黏附分子(celladhesionmolecules,CAMs)表达有了显著的变化,其中E-钙粘素(E-cadherin)表达降低,CD44、细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellularadhesionmolecule-1,ICAM-1,CD54)以及整合素β1(integrinβ1,CD29)表达增高.在体外实验中,对实验模型的适当选择是得到理想客观实验结果的必要前提,采用模拟微重力的方法构建的体外细胞三维培养模型,将为肿瘤生物学研究、药物敏感性试验等提供更为理想的研究模型.     

模拟微重力条件下大鼠肝细胞三维培养支架材料的筛选(简报)

组织工程是一门新兴的边缘学科,它是利用体外培养的人体功能细胞与适当的细胞外基质或支架材料相结合,然后将其移植到体内病损部位以期达到修复目的。微重力组织工程(Microgravity Tis-sue Engineering)是近年来由美国空间生物技术研究人员开创的一个独特研究领域,其核心技术是建立微重力条件下哺乳动物细胞三维(Three Dimen-sion)培养体系。利用外壁转动生物反应器(RotatingWall Vessel Bioreactor,RWVB)模拟微重力培养环境,减少培养液对细胞产生的机械剪切力,增加细胞营养的补充,加速代谢产物的排除,因此可以大大改善离体细胞的培养条件,使在普通重力培养条件下只能二维贴壁生长的哺乳动物细胞表现出三维增殖与分化,这类分化的细胞团可进一步形成有功能的     

槲皮素对模拟微重力条件下体外培养大鼠心肌细胞骨架的影响

采用细胞免疫双荧光染色观察离体培养的大鼠心肌细胞微丝和微管分布 ,探讨模拟微重力条件下槲皮素对心肌细胞骨架分布的影响。结果表明 :模拟微重力条件下心肌细胞微丝、微管在近胞核区的分布增多 ;模拟微重力处理的同时加入槲皮素 ,则使近胞核处微丝、微管分布明显减少 ,微丝束的粗细与对照组无异。提示模拟微重力可显著影响心肌细胞微丝、微管的分布 ,槲皮素可对抗该效应而发挥其心肌细胞保护作用 [动物学报49(1) :98～ 10 3 ,2 0 0 3]。     

微重力条件下心肌细胞在聚羟基乙酸纤维支架上的三维固定化培养

以 1d龄Wistar乳鼠的心室肌组织为心肌细胞的来源 ,采用胰蛋白酶消化及细胞差速贴壁分离心肌细胞 ,以未经修饰和经鼠尾胶原溶液浸泡修饰的聚羟基乙酸 (polyglycolicacid ,PGA)纤维支架作为心肌细胞体外三维 (3D)固定化培养的支架 ,比较心肌细胞在静置培养体系及微重力培养体系下的生长、形态和收缩状况。心肌细胞在未经处理的PGA纤维支架 3D固定化培养时 ,心肌细胞在其上的分布不均匀 ,大部分心肌相互连接形成球状聚集体 ;PGA纤维支架经鼠尾胶原溶液浸泡处理后 ,心肌细胞在其上的分布较为均匀 ,细胞形态多呈梭形或不规则状 ,心肌细胞自律性搏动的幅度加大。在模拟微重力培养条件下 ,心肌细胞在经鼠尾胶原溶液浸泡修饰的PGA纤维支架上的分布更为均匀 ,心肌细胞形成具有自律性同步收缩特性、面积约为 15mm2 的类组织样 3D结构     

微重力及模拟微重力对植物生长的影响

重力对地球上生物的生长、发育、代谢及繁殖等具有重要影响.植物细胞的重力敏感性已被众多研究所证明,在空间微重力环境或地面模拟微重力环境下,植物表现特殊的微重力反应.微重力或模拟微重力会对植物体生长产生一系列的影响.综述微重力及模拟微重力对植物生长的影响,并对近期这一领域的研究进行了概括.     

RhoA promotes differentiation of WB-F344 cells into the biliary lineage

When cultured on Matrigel, liver precursor epithelium WB-F344 cells could be induced to differentiate into biliary cells in which RhoA expression was upregulated. To further investigate the role of RhoA in WB cell differentiation initiated by Matrigel treatment, we constructed constitutively active RhoA-expressing vectors and stably transfected them into WB-F344 cells. Accompanying upregulation of biliary lineage markers and morphological changes, cells with ectopically active RhoA expression were found to form bile-duct-like structures even without Matrigel treatment. Besides, ROCK inhibitor Y27632 treatment eliminated luminal morphogenesis. F-actin cytoplasmic staining further verified that the RhoA–ROCK signal pathway was involved in differentiation of WB cells into the biliary lineage. In conclusion, our results suggested that the RhoA–ROCK–stress fibre system plays an obligatory role in Matrigel-induced WB-F344 cell luminal morphogenesis and further differentiation.     

活性氧对大鼠肝卵圆细胞株WB-F344钾通道的作用

用膜片箝技术的细胞贴附式 (cell-attached)观察O2.-对大鼠肝卵圆细胞株WB -F344K 通道活动的影响 ,结果发现 :1)在细胞处于静息状态时 ,在箝制电压为0mV ,每10mV阶跃 ,测试电压分别达±120mV范围内未记录到通道活动。此时 ,小剂量O2.- 也不能激活WB细胞的通道活动。在细胞外液中加入20mmol/LCaCl2 后通道开启 ,记录到小振幅的通道活动 ,它们的电导是9.48±0.93ps(n=4)。此时再用O2.-作用于细胞 ,通道被激活 ,通道电导增大 ,在正测试电压时为15.74±5.46ps(n=8) ,在负测试电压时为48.32±8.67ps(n=6)。通道活动具有外向整流特性。2)胞外加入4 -AP可抑制该通道的活动 ,而SNP则可增强通道的活动。     

Simulated Microgravity Induces the Proliferative Inhibition and Morphological Changes in Porcine Granulosa Cells

Astronauts are always faced with serious health problems during prolonged spaceflights. Previous studies have shown that weightlessness significantly affects the physiological function of female astronauts, including a change in reproductive hormones and ovarian cells, such as granulosa and theca cells. However, the effects of microgravity on these cells have not been well characterized, especially in granulosa cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and morphology of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). pGC proliferation from the SMG group was inhibited, demonstrated by the reduced O.D. value and cell density in the WST-1 assay and cell number counting. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited an increased ratio of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decreased ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phase. Western blot analysis indicated a down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (cdk6), leading to the prevention of the G1-S transition and inducing the arrest phase. pGCs under the SMG condition showed an increase in nuclear area. This caused a reduction in nuclear shape value in pGCs under the SMG condition. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited different morphologies, including fibroblast-like shape, rhomboid shape, and pebble-like shape. These results revealed that SMG inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes in pGCs.     

模拟微重力诱导PC12细胞衰老的初步探讨

目的：构建模拟微重力条件下PC12细胞的培养体系,探讨模拟微重力对PC12细胞衰老的影响。方法：用Cytodex-3型微载体作为PC12细胞的贴附载体,旋转细胞培养系统所提供10-2g的微重力环境进行模拟微重力条件下的细胞培养。在倒置显微镜下观察PC12细胞的生长情况;用扫描电镜观察PC12细胞超微结构的变化;衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）特异性染色对衰老的PC12细胞进行评估。结果：光镜下模拟微重力培养的PC12细胞表现出类衰老细胞的形态,扫描电子显微镜下观察发现其微绒毛增多。SA-β-gal染色的结果显示在模拟微重力的作用下,PC12细胞SA-β-gal的活性升高。结论：模拟微重力可以引起PC12细胞衰老样的形态变化,以及SA-β-gal的活性升高。     

Isolation of Mammary Epithelial Cells from Three-dimensional Mixed-cell Spheroid Co-culture

While enormous efforts have gone into identifying signaling pathways and molecules involved in normal and malignant cell behaviors^1-2, much of this work has been done using classical two-dimensional cell culture models, which allow for easy cell manipulation. It has become clear that intracellular signaling pathways are affected by extracellular forces, including dimensionality and cell surface tension^3-4. Multiple approaches have been taken to develop three-dimensional models that more accurately represent biologic tissue architecture³. While these models incorporate multi-dimensionality and architectural stresses, study of the consequent effects on cells is less facile than in two-dimensional tissue culture due to the limitations of the models and the difficulty in extracting cells for subsequent analysis.The important role of the microenvironment around tumors in tumorigenesis and tumor behavior is becoming increasingly recognized⁴. Tumor stroma is composed of multiple cell types and extracellular molecules. During tumor development there are bidirectional signals between tumor cells and stromal cells⁵. Although some factors participating in tumor-stroma co-evolution have been identified, there is still a need to develop simple techniques to systematically identify and study the full array of these signals⁶. Fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type in normal or tumor-associated stromal tissues, and contribute to deposition and maintenance of basement membrane and paracrine growth factors⁷.Many groups have used three dimensional culture systems to study the role of fibroblasts on various cellular functions, including tumor response to therapies, recruitment of immune cells, signaling molecules, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion^8-15. We have optimized a simple method for assessing the effects of mammary fibroblasts on mammary epithelial cells using a commercially available extracellular matrix model to create three-dimensional cultures of mixed cell populations (co-cultures)^16-22. With continued co-culture the cells form spheroids with the fibroblasts clustering in the interior and the epithelial cells largely on the exterior of the spheroids and forming multi-cellular projections into the matrix. Manipulation of the fibroblasts that leads to altered epithelial cell invasiveness can be readily quantified by changes in numbers and length of epithelial projections²³. Furthermore, we have devised a method for isolating epithelial cells out of three-dimensional co-culture that facilitates analysis of the effects of fibroblast exposure on epithelial behavior. We have found that the effects of co-culture persist for weeks after epithelial cell isolation, permitting ample time to perform multiple assays. This method is adaptable to cells of varying malignant potential and requires no specialized equipment. This technique allows for rapid evaluation of in vitro cell models under multiple conditions, and the corresponding results can be compared to in vivo animal tissue models as well as human tissue samples.