Re-reading Ronald Berndt: Exploring the Depths of his Yolngu Ethnography

The title of this essay sets its dialogic structure. Ronald Berndt's writing at times obscured the core insights that he had about Yolngu society, and partly as a consequence Australian anthropology has not yet made the best use of the immense richness of his ethnographic legacy. In retrospect, in many areas of their research the Berndts were pioneers addressing themes and topics that had been for too long ignored. They opened up new fields of study and redressed some of the imbalances associated with functionalism, the dominant paradigm of their early years as anthropologists. In this essay I examine two areas of Ronald Berndt's writings in which he had insights that were not fully appreciated at the time: the analysis of Yolngu social organisation and the analysis of Yolngu sexual symbolism. In both cases, his absorption in Yolngu ethnography made him aware that his predecessors had overlooked important themes of Yolngu society, yet in both cases his analysis was less convincing than it might have been.     

根分泌物及其生态效应

根分泌物是个古老而年轻的研究领域。早在18,19世纪,人们(Plenk,1795;Decandolle,1830)就观察到根分泌物对邻近植株的促生和抑制作用,1904年Hilter提出“根际”的概念,标志着人们对根分泌物及其生态效应的进一步认识。此后人们对根分泌物研究逐步展开。Lyon和Willson(1920)发现,生长于无菌水培液中的植物能释放有机物,为深入研究奠定了基础。但很长一段时间这个研究领域一     

苔藓植物的生物多样性及其保护

苔藓植物的生物多样性及其保护曹同高谦付星路勇（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＤｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＢｒｙｏｐｈｙｔｅｓａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ．ＣａｏＴｏｎｇ,ＧａｏＱｉａｎ,ＦｕＸｉｎｇ,ＬｕＹｏｎｇ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...     

Insulin-responsive cultured foetal-rat hepatocytes. Their preparation and characterization.

An improved non-perfusion method for the preparation of cultured foetal-rat hepatocytes is described. Digestion of the liver with collagenase and deoxyribonuclease I gave yields of 40 X 10(6) hepatocytes/g of liver. The plating efficiency of hepatocytes in medium with 10 microM-cortisol was 50%. Cell morphology and metabolism were maintained through 3 days of monolayer culture, with minimal contamination by haematopoietic cells or fibroblasts. The cultured cells bound and degraded 125I-insulin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The estimated ED50 for competitive binding at 37 degrees C was 1.1 nM. Curvilinear Scatchard plots were observed, with estimates of 16 500 high-affinity sites (Kd = 813 pM) and 53 000 low-affinity sites (Kd = 23 nM) per cell. The cultured cells demonstrated a glycogenic response to insulin, with an estimated ED50 of 120 pM. The degree of glycogenic response to insulin varied with time in culture: 500% above basal on day 1, 200% on day 2, and only 150% on day 3. Cultured foetal cells also exhibited a time-dependent uptake of 2-aminoisobutyric acid, which, in contrast with previous reports with adult cells, was not stimulated by the presence of 10 nM-insulin. Cultured foetal hepatocytes may provide an interesting model with which to study the relationship between insulin-receptor binding and insulin action.     

Characteristics of Shelter-Relinquished Animals and Their Owners Compared With Animals and Their Owners in U.S. Pet-Owning Households

Animal shelters in the United States annually receive millions of relinquished dogs and cats, and risk factors for relinquishment are not fully understood. Investigators sponsored by the National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy interviewed people who relinquished dogs and cats at 12 shelters in four regions. We collected similar data from a sample of U.S. households with companion animals. Data collected included nonhuman animal characteristics such as age, sex, and frequency of selected behaviors. We also obtained data on keepers' (owners') age, sex, and level of education as well as their general knowledge of pet care and behavior. We found that relinquishment was associated with physical and behavioral characteristics of the animals and owner characteristics and knowledge. Relinquished animals were more likely to be intact, younger, and mixed bred. People relinquishing animals were significantly more likely to be men and younger than 35 years. Duration of ownership was significantly shorter for relinquished animals.     

Characteristics of Shelter-Relinquished Animals and Their Owners Compared With Animals and Their Owners in U.S. Pet-Owning Households

Animal shelters in the United States annually receive millions of relinquished dogs and cats, and risk factors for relinquishment are not fully understood. Investigators sponsored by the National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy interviewed people who relinquished dogs and cats at 12 shelters in four regions. We collected similar data from a sample of U.S. households with companion animals. Data collected included nonhuman animal characteristics such as age, sex, and frequency of selected behaviors. We also obtained data on keepers' (owners') age, sex, and level of education as well as their general knowledge of pet care and behavior. We found that relinquishment was associated with physical and behavioral characteristics of the animals and owner characteristics and knowledge. Relinquished animals were more likely to be intact, younger, and mixed bred. People relinquishing animals were significantly more likely to be men and younger than 35 years. Duration of ownership was significantly shorter for relinquished animals.