Effects of foliar apple trichomes on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Acari: Phytoseiidae): preferences,fecundity and prey consumption

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Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand 9. Development of European red mite populations under minimal control strategies

Abstract

Development of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) populations was studied from 1975 to 1977 in an orchard released from regular application of acaricides and supporting insignificant numbers of natural enemies of the mite. Populations grew rapidly from mid January, and reached higher levels on Hawke’s Bay Red Delicious than on Cox’s Orange Pippin or Granny Smith. Extensive early defoliation occurred in all cultivars in response to heavy feeding pressure. Application of cyhexatin in February 1976 failed to control populations in Granny Smith and Cox’s Orange Pippin, and only temporarily suppressed populations in Hawke’s Bay Red Delicious. Removal of all acaricide applications in 1976–77 on Hawke’s Bay Red Delicious showed that high population levels (365 mites per leaf) could develop. Stratification of sampling in Granny Smith showed that population densities decreased from the tree centre, through outer fruiting clusters, to current season’s shoots. Winter egg deposition on apples was studied in relation to various P. ulmi densities. Early harvest of Cox’s Orange Pippin prevented large numbers of winter eggs being laid on the fruits in spite of high P. ulmi densities; late harvest of Granny Smith exposed fruit to greater winter egg deposition. The intermediate harvest date of Hawke’s Bay Red Delicious resulted in fewer winter eggs on apples than for Granny Smith, in spite of much higher P. ulmi densities. On Hawke’s Bay Red Delicious, oviposition preference was for calyces of fruits not exposed to direct sunlight. A relationship between maximum P. ulmi densities and numbers of winter eggs on fruits is demonstrated.     

Laboratory tests carried out onMicrothrix inconspicuella [Lep.: Pyralidae], a biological control agent forEmex australis in Australia

Host specificity tests of the moth,Microthrix inconspicuella Ragonot in Australia, indicated that larvae could feed and develop on young apple leaves. Additional tests in South Africa on leaves and fruit of the 4 apple varieties, Jonathan, Starking (Red Delicious), Granny Smith and Golden Delicious, showed that apples were not a preferred food. Little feeding occurred and pupation happened infrequently. No 2^nd generation resulted whenM. inconspicuella colonies were confined on apple fruit or leaves.      

Determining an economic injury level for the persea mite,Oligonychus perseae,a new pest of avocado in Israel

The persea mite, Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae), a pest of avocado, was first discovered in Israel in the autumn of 2001. It has since spread to most avocado growing areas in Israel. To establish an economic injury level (EIL), based on the percentage of leaf area damaged (PLAD), we conducted an extensive field study. For three consecutive seasons we created distinct pest infestation levels on the Hass avocado cv., by applying acaricides (spirodiclofen and abamectin) at 50, 100, and 250 mites per leaf levels, along with non‐sprayed controls in a replicated block design. At harvest time we evaluated the level of leaf damage and fruit yields across treatments. In two out of the 3 years, trees sprayed at 50 and 100 mites per leaf levels had similar PLAD values, differing from trees treated at the 250 mites per leaf level and the non‐treated control, the latter pair also being similar. Over the 3 years, mean yield attained at the two higher infestation levels was reduced by 20% in comparison to the mean yields recorded for plots sprayed at the lower thresholds. Accordingly, we suggest that scouts adopt an action threshold (AT) of 50–100 mites per leaf. Future research is needed to refine this AT. Mean annual cumulative mite days (CMDs) of the two higher levels was ca. 13500 ± 700 per leaf. Using the linear regression equation PLAD = 0.0009CMDs + 2.42, describing leaf damage as a function of CMDs, we estimated an EIL of ca. 15 PLAD.     

Economic threshold for Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in clementine mandarins Citrus clementina

Tetranychus urticae is a key pest of citrus in Spain, especially of clementine mandarin trees. The effects of this mite on fruit production were assessed in 24 clementine trees for three consecutive years. Trees were visited weekly and spider mite and phytoseiid mite populations and leaf flush patterns were estimated. At the end of the season, mandarins were harvested, weighed, and mite damage (scarring on the fruit) characterized. Negative relationships between spider mite density and yield (kg/tree) and fruit damage (% scarred fruit rind) were found. The multivariate regressions highlighted the key role of phytoseiid mites and leaf flush patterns, which were negatively related to fruit damage. The shortest sampling period that satisfactorily predicted fruit damage at harvest, extended from August to mid-October. For IPM purposes, an action threshold of 31.1 mites m^?2 of symptomatic leaf was estimated. Taking into account spider mite dynamics, the economic threshold ranged from 10 to 15 mites m^?2 of symptomatic leaf. When this threshold is exceeded growers would have a 1-week window to apply the control technologies against T. urticae of their choice.     

Endogenous polyamines in apple and their relationship to fruit set and fruit growth

The distribution of free and bound polyamines was investigated from blooming until harvest on flower, fruitlets and fruits of Malus domestica Borkh cv. Golden Delicious, Relationships between polyamines and fruit set and growth were also investigated. The level of free polyamines was high only during the first weeks after full bloom and then decreased gradually. The amount of bound trichloroacetic acid-insoluble polyamines was much higher than free polyamines. Bound spermine in particular showed a high value for almost 40 days after full bloom, while spermidine and putrescine were no longer detectable even a few days after full bloom.
In relation to fruit set, it was possible to observe that abscission peaks took place when free polyamine levels were low or decreasing. Insofar as fruit growth is concerned, the most substantial variations in polyamine levels occurred very early in the season when fruit dry weight and protein amount were also changing rapidly and fruit diameter was almost impossible to measure.     

Susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to the Mediterranean fruit fly

Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly, is one of the key pest species affecting deciduous fruit orchards along the Mediterranean coasts. Because of global warming, C. capitata is gradually spreading north and is becoming a major pest of apples. Determining the susceptibility of the main apple varieties grown in the region will serve as a cornerstone to the management of this pest. In this study, we show the results of a field and laboratory no‐choice test conducted to determine the Medfly preferences on different apple cultivars. The seven main varieties of apples (Gala, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Kanzi, Morgen Dallago and Fuji) were tested. The results demonstrate that C. capitata lays eggs on all apple cultivars in both field and laboratory conditions. The Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Morgen Dallago varieties showed the lowest susceptibility in laboratory conditions, (0.75, 1.55, 2 oviposition punctures/fruit, respectively), with significant differences in oviposition compared to the Golden Delicious, Kanzi and Fuji (3.27, 3.31, 3.1 oviposition punctures/fruit, respectively) varieties, which were shown to be the most susceptible to Medfly attack in laboratory conditions. On the other hand, only slight and not statistically significant differences emerged from the field trials. In relation to the physico‐chemical characteristics, the apple cultivars showing the lowest susceptibility (Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Morgen Dallago) had harder peels and pulps and lower sugar contents than the most susceptible cultivars (Golden Delicious, Fuji and Kanzi). These results were also confirmed through evaluation of larval development on different varieties. In fact, Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Morgen Dallago were the three varieties that did not allow adequate larval and adult development and reduced the possibility of the emergence of a new generation.     

Life history of hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on various apple cultivars and at different temperatures

Development duration and reproduction rate of hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) were carried out on five different apple cultivars (Amasya (local cultivar), Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Starking Delicious and Starkrimson Delicious) at 25 degrees C, 65 +/- 10% RH and 16:8 L:D. In addition, the same parameters were determined on Golden Delicious leaves at three constant temperatures (20, 30 and 35 degrees C, 65 +/- 10% RH and 16:8 L:D) in the laboratory. A. viennensis showed a better performance on Golden Delicious than on the other apple cultivars. This was mainly due to a short development time (10.7 days), high daily egg production (5.2 eggs/female/day) and early reproduction peak. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was determined on the variety Golden Delicious (rm = 0.247/day), while the lowest one was observed on the variety Starking Delicious (rm = 0.215/day). The developmental periods of A. viennensis varied from 7.4 to 18.8 days at 35 and 20 degrees C for females, while it varied from 7.9 to 17.2 days at 30 and 20 degrees C for males. The development threshold of the eggs and pre-adult stages were 9.72 and 9.07 degrees C, total effective temperature was 72.99 and 185.18 degree-days, respectively. The mean generation time (To) of the population ranged from 16.13 days at 30 degrees C to 29.15 days at 20 degrees C. The net reproductive rate (R0) increased from 54.33 female/female at 20 degrees C to 78.34 female/female at 25 degrees C, and decreased to 75.71 female/female at 30 degrees C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was reached at 30 C (rm = 0.268/day), the lowest one at 20 degrees C (rm = 0.136/day).     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Fruits of Apple, with Special Reference to Calcium

Growth and mineral composition of fruits in potted trees were studied at two temperatures (19 and 24°C) in two experiments with Golden Delicious and one with Cox's Orange Pippin under a controlled environment. In Golden Delicious the high temperature promoted fruit growth markedly, but in Cox's Orange Pippin the stimulation was much less pronounced. The levels of K, N, Mg, and P (expressed as amounts per fruit) were increased at the higher temperature. This increase was almost completely the result of differences in fruit growth. With respect to Ca the high temperature reduced Ca influx in one Golden Delicious experiment and had hardly any effect in the other, but favoured influx in Cox's Orange Pippin. In one Golden Delicious experiment the temperature was raised 7 weeks after blossoming, which resulted in a temporary drop of Ca. When the same temperature change was applied 4 weeks earlier, Ca continued to increase. It is assumed that mineral influx occurs via the xylem during the first few weeks after fruit set and via the phloem throughout. The results are discussed in terms of differences in mobility in the phloem for the various minerals and of a shift in the ratio between xylem and phloem movement induced by differences in the growth rate of the fruits.     

苹果全爪螨在吉尔吉斯与金冠苹果上的实验种群两性生命表

为明确新疆野苹果Malus sieversii吉尔吉斯与栽培苹果Malus domestica金冠对苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi生长发育和繁殖的影响, 在室温23±1℃, 相对湿度75%±5%, 光周期16L∶8D条件下, 组建了苹果全爪螨在吉尔吉斯和金冠上的实验种群两性生命表。结果显示： 吉尔吉斯和金冠对苹果全爪螨雌螨寿命、 产卵期及总产卵量等有明显影响、 而对总发育历期、 总产卵前期、 未成熟螨存活率等影响不显著。苹果全爪螨总发育历期在吉尔吉斯（雌12.60 d, 雄11.40 d）和金冠（雌12.54 d, 雄 11.67 d）上无显著差异, 雌成螨寿命在金冠(13.46 d)上显著长于在吉尔吉斯（10.88 d）上(P<0.05)。产卵期在金冠和吉尔吉斯上分别为10.55 d和8.30 d, 达到显著差异水平(P<0.05)。总产卵量在金冠上为34.12粒/雌, 显著高于在吉尔吉斯上（22.48粒/雌）(P<0.05)。苹果全爪螨在吉尔吉斯上内禀增长率(r)、 净增殖率(R₀)、 世代平均周期(T)、 周限增长率(λ)分别为0.1354, 11.96, 18.33和1.1450, 而在金冠上分别为0.1489, 17.39, 19.18和1.1606。由种群动态参数可知, 苹果全爪螨在金冠上种群数量增长快于在吉尔吉斯上。研究结果有助于深入了解该螨在新疆野苹果与栽培苹果上种群动态, 并为苹果抗螨性育种及害螨综合治理提供理论依据。     

Historical tests of the toxicity of pesticides to Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and their relevance to current pest management in New Zealand apple orchards 2. Short-term field tests

A two-part review is presented relating historical tests of the toxicity of pesticides to Typhlodromus pyri and their relevance to modern pest management in New Zealand pome-fruit orchards. Over the past 30 years, the initial need for T. pyri to be resistant to broad-spectrum pesticides has substantially declined as a growing array of new selective chemicals have come into use. In Part 2, a short-term field test is described for determining the toxicity of single applications of pesticides at recommended rates to European red mite (ERM), Panonychus ulmi, and its predator, an organophosphate (OP)-resistant strain of T. pyri on apples in New Zealand. For each pesticide, changes in mite density were measured from pre-treatment to 2, 7 and up to 25 days post-treatment compared with a water-sprayed control. Density was recorded and analysed for live adult and immature ERM, and live and dead eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of T. pyri. Fifteen acaricides, 17 fungicides and 17 insecticides were evaluated. Chemicals more toxic to T. pyri than ERM were aminocarb, amitraz, binapacryl, chlordimeform, etrimphos, fenvalerate + azinphos-methyl, mancozeb + dinocap, methidathion, methiocarb, omethoate, oxamyl, pirimiphos-methyl and pyrazophos. Chemicals equally or less toxic to T. pyri than to ERM were acequinocyl, azocyclotin, benzoximate, bromopropylate, chlorpyrifos, clofentezine, cycloprate, cyhexatin, dinocap, mineral oil, propargite, triazophos and vamidothion. The remaining 23 chemicals (primarily fungicides and OP insecticides) had slight or no toxicity to ERM and T.pyri. The short-term field tests provided a useful guide to the long-term effects on ERM and T. pyri populations of almost all the pesticides. However, the potential disruptive effect of pyrazophos was not found in long-term field trials, and conversely, the apparently harmless dithiocarbamate fungicides were later shown to be highly disruptive when repeatedly sprayed, as in commercial practice. Most of the chemicals tested are no longer used in commercial pome-fruit orchards in New Zealand, all of which now practise integrated fruit production or organic fruit production based on selective pest management methods. The tested pesticides of continuing importance are identified and discussed with special emphasis on the current need to retest for dithiocarbamate resistance in T. pyri, some populations of which have been exposed to these compounds for up to 40 years. This and the changes in pesticide use in New Zealand are paralleled by similar developments in most pome-fruit growing areas of the world.     

Population dynamics of the potato tuber moth on processing tomatoes in Israel

The potato tuber moth (PTM),Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest of processing tomatoes,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), in Israel. The larvae penetrate the tomato fruit through the stem end and present a serious threat to crop quality. Foliage and fruit samples were taken in nine commercial tomato fields located in Israel's three main tomato growing areas, two of which are potato growing areas as well. PTM was not found where potatoes were absent. Potato harvest in nearby fields was found to be the most significant factor affecting seasonal trends in PTM population density in tomatoes. All four larval instars were found in foliage on all sampling dates. Significantly higher proportions of first instars were found during the population density increase which followed potato harvest. Damaged fruits did not contain first instar larvae, indicating that PTM never undergoes complete development within tomato fruit. Fruit damage levels at harvest were positively correlated to the peak mean population densities on foliage and the date they were observed. In tomato fields not adjacent to potatoes, infestation was first observed at the edge of the field. Both before and after the potato harvest in nearby fields, population density at the edge of the field was significantly higher than at the center. In tomato fields adjacent to potatoes, no significant differences were found between population densities at the edge and center before the potatoes were harvested. After the potato harvest, population density at the center of tomato fields was higher than at the edge. Deceased, October 1988     

Comparative toxic and sublethal effects of fluvalinate on two-spotted spider mite and European red mite

Four fluvalinate formulations differed in their residual toxicity to female two-spotted spider mite (TSM), Tetranychus urticae adults; the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was the most toxic. In contrast, there was little difference in toxicity between the formulations with the European red mite (ERM) Panonychus ulmi with the exception of the EC formulation which was the least toxic. Fluvalinate 2F caused minimal (<10%) TSM and ERM egg mortality. Fluvalinate 2F was more toxic and caused greater larval dispersal for the TSM compared to the ERM at the field concentration and below. The toxicity of fluvalinate 2F to TSM and ERM protonymphs, deutonymphs and adults was low, approximately <20% at field concentration. Dispersal was the main response to fluvalinate and this was positively correlated with increasing concentration. The combined mortality and dispersal LC₅₀ was five times lower for ERM protonymphs and adults, but 11 times higher for ERM deutonymphs compared to equivalent TSM life stages. Fluvalinate 2F reduced TSM development from the protonymph and deutonymph stages to a greater extent compared to the ERM. The mortality response to fluvalinate 2F was unaffected by host type (peach or apple) for the TSM whereas ERM mortality was higher on apple compared to peach. TSM dispersal was higher from apple compared to peach whereas ERM dispersal was similar on both host types. Oviposition by both mite species was lower on apple than peach leaves. A 1 h exposure to fluvalinate 2F reduced ERM oviposition for 12 days.     

Phenology and abundance of date palm mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of management practices, fruit season, host habitats (young and old fronds, date fruits and grasses), and temperature on the phenology and abundance of the date palm mite (DPM). The study was conducted in two date palm orchards (two plots each): a managed and an unmanaged plot. The phenology of DPM was assessed based on adult cumulative mite days (ACMDs), while mean mite density was used to assess the mite abundance on different host habitats. The ACMDs and mean mite density were significantly different between managed and unmanaged plots on different host habitats in both fruiting and off-seasons. The date fruits had highest ACMDs during fruiting season. While young fronds had significantly higher ACMDs than on old fronds an grasses during both seasons in both plots.. The temperature and season type significantly affected the mean density of DPM eggs and adults. There was a significant effect of host habitats mean density of DPM eggs and immatures. Based on the adult phenology and abundance of DPM, the mite overwinters in young fronds and aerial offshoots of infested date palm trees. These overwintering DPM caused the seasonal date fruit infestation, each year. Additionally, different phytophagous and predatory mites, which co-occur with DPM, and were found on different host habitats affected the phenology and abundance of DPM. Moreover, the change in DPM body color was related to the host habitat that they fed in. Exceptionally, the brown color of females collected during the winter season could be due to physiological changes due to low temperature. In DPM males collected from different host habitats throughout the study, some morphological variations in the width of the knob, height of the hook, and the angle between the knob axis and dorsal margin of the shaft were also recorded. The results of this study suggest that young fronds and grasses are the suitable sites for DPM survival and overwintering. Hence, the management practices, early in the fruit season and/or during off fruit winter months, should be directed towards these habitats. These could provide efficient reduction in seasonal infestation of DPM.     

Effect of cultural methods on leaf spot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycosphaerella fragariae</Emphasis>) and gray mold (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis>) damage in strawberries

Damage of leaf spot, caused by Mycosphaerella fragariae and gray mold also called Botrytis fruit rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, average fruit weight and yield were evaluated with regard to cultural methods over 2years. Leaf spot damage decreased significantly by around 90% due to leaf sanitation (removal of dead and leaf spot infected leaves in early spring) and by 50% due to plantation in a one-row-system instead of a two-row-system. When all leaves including the healthy green ones were removed in early spring, average fruit weight decreased significantly by 10%. Fruit sanitation – the third treatment – did not influence any of the measured parameters. Neither leaf sanitation nor fruit sanitation (removal of damaged fruits during harvest) reduced B. cinerea damage significant. Only the combination of a one-row-system, leaf sanitation and fruit sanitation almost halved (not significantly) B. cinerea damage in the first crop year compared to a two-row-system without leaf and fruit sanitation. B. cinerea damage correlated significantly and positively with the biomass of plants by R²= 0.47. According to this study and the cited literature it is suggested for humid Central European conditions to apply a one-row-system combined with leaf sanitation in early spring and fruit sanitation during harvest if fruit density is high, to reduce the risk of damages in larger dimension caused by M. fragariae and B. cinerea.     

Control of the broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)) on organic greenhouse sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) with the predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans)

The predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) successfully controlled the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) on two varieties of greenhouse-grown sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). A survey of pre-plant seedlings showed that nurseries were a source of infestation for the broad mite. The predatory mites were released twice (on day 1 and 5, or 15 days later) on each plant, every second plant or every fourth plant. Broad mite populations were evaluated by sampling young leaves from the top of the plant. The effect of the broad mite on plant height, dry mass and yield was evaluated. Additionally, since N. cucumeris is known to control thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), blue sticky traps and flower sampling were used to evaluate changes in thrips populations. All three release rates of N. cucumeris significantly (P<0.05) controlled broad mite populations, but when the predatory mites were released only on every fourth plant, the overall height and yield of the plants were adversely affected by broad mites. Releasing N. cucumeris on each or every second plant was as efficacious in controlling broad mites as sulfur treatments in terms of plant height, dry mass and yield. Plants treated with sulfur, however, had significantly higher thrips populations and fruit damage.     

Demography and mass-rearing of Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) reared on Golden Delicious and Red Fuji apples in the laboratory

Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), is one of the most serious fruit-boring pests in over ten species of fruit trees, and is especially damaging apples in the northern of China. The application of new planting systems, i.e., high-density and dwarfing rootstock orchard systems with mixed apple varieties, makes it important to study the fitness of C. sasakii on these apple varieties to gain fundamental knowledge for use in pest management involving this insect. In this study, life table data of C. sasakii were collected using Golden Delicious and Red Fuji apples as hosts. The egg-larva duration of male C. sasakii reared on Golden Delicious apples (22.81 d) was significantly shorter than that reared on Red Fuji apples (24.27 d). The egg-larva mortality in Golden Delicious apples (59.00%) was lower than that in Red Fuji apples (72.49%). The mortality of the pupal stage, however, was higher in Golden Delicious (10.51%) than in Red Fuji (0%). The total oviposition period (TPOP) on Golden Delicious apples (32.94 d) was significantly shorter than in individuals reared on Red Fuji apples (34.19 d). The intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.0581 d⁻¹), net reproductive rate (R₀ = 7.57 offspring), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.0598 d⁻¹) were all higher on Golden Delicious than those on Red Fuji. When the net reproductive rate (R₀) was used, the harvest rate of pupae was higher (0.8678) when reared on Golden Delicious apples than when reared on Red Fuji apples (0.8398). When a large cohort size (n = 200) was used for effective bootstrap sample, the P_E values for C. sasakii reared on Golden Delicious apples and Red Fuji apples were both almost equal to 1. For C. sasakii culturing purposes, Golden Delicious apples would be more productive than Red Fuji.     

Environmental conditions affecting the strength of induced resistance against mites in cotton

Summary Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) were raised on cotton plants that had been damaged by a previous bout of mite feeding (T. turkestani) and on control plants that were previously not exposed to mites. The effect of induced plant responses upon mite populations was variable ranging from a 4-fold reduction in population growth to no difference at all. The strength of induced resistance was greatest when the population growth of mites was low for other, unknown, reasons. When mite population growth on control plants was great, the effects of induced resistance were diminished.Mite population growth was inversely related to levels of initial damage caused by previous feeding. There was no evidence of a damage threshold that needed to be exceeded before induced resistance became effective. Increased levels of initial damage were not associated with morphological changes in the plants.     

A test of fruit varieties on entry rate and development by neonate larvae of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella

The rate of entry by neonate larvae of the frugivorous codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), into fruit material was investigated. We used no‐choice bioassays in climate‐controlled rooms to assay larval entry across four host plant species (apple, pear, quince, walnut) and three varieties within a single fruit species (apple). Larvae successfully entering apples were reared to adulthood, and we collected tissue samples from apples which were successfully colonized in order to determine sucrose concentrations. This information was used to evaluate differences in adult moth size, development time, and pulp sucrose concentration due to apple variety. Four important findings emerged: (1) neonate larvae had the highest frequency of entry (86% of larvae) into apple fruits, compared with pear (78%), quince (56%), and walnut (32%); (2) the frequency of larval entry into immature apples differed across apple varieties, and larval entry rate was highest in variety Golden Delicious (72%), compared with Granny Smith (46%) and Red Delicious (64%); (3) on average, adult moths were larger and development times were shorter on the variety with the highest entry frequency (Golden Delicious); and (4) apple pulp sucrose concentrations were higher for Golden Delicious (17.5 μg mg^?1) than for either Granny Smith (15.9 μg mg^?1) or Red Delicious (15.1 μg mg^?1) varieties, which correlates positively with entry and development data. We conclude that host fruit species and varietals within a species affect the entry rate of neonate codling moth larvae in no‐choice assays. We hypothesize that larval development is influenced by mean sucrose concentrations or other phytochemical differences associated with host fruit varieties.