有机相中的酶催化

酶在有机相中仍具有催化活性这一发现为酶的开发应用开辟了二条新途径、酶在有机相中催化化学反应具有许多化学催化所没有的优点。如:高度选择性、高效性、条件温和等。酶的有机相催化已被应用于许多方面,如:酶法拆分消旋体、区域选择性转化、酶催化聚合、肽的合成、酶法分析等,尤其是在不对称合成方面显示了其独特的优势。另外,关于酶在有机相中催化的影响因素也有了一些规律性的认识。     

微生物连续发酵模型及正解的存在性与稳定性分析

本文引入一个新的非线性动力系统,描述Klebsiella pneumoniae以甘油为底物发酵生成1,3-丙二醇的过程.此模型考虑了细胞内物质的浓度,研究甘油主动运输及1,3-丙二醇被动扩散的跨膜方式.证明模型解的存在唯一性,通过引入微分包含和上哈密尔顿函数证明正解的存在性.此外,以稀释速率0.1为例计算平衡点,并对系统的稳定性做出分析.     

外源性凝血瀑布动力系统的稳定性

本文首先建立了相应于Lamula与Griffin的凝血动力系统瀑布模式的非线性数学模型．并使用分叉方法较深入地分析了该系统的定态平衡解与动态解的稳定性与全局吸引子．通过动力学分析,我们从理论上证明了存在外源性路径启动的触发阈值及瀑布机制达到终态的细节：趋于一个全局吸引子．     

超临界流体中酶催化的研究进展

阐述了充当反应介质的超临界流体、固定化酶的载体以及反应温度和压力对超临界流体中酶催化反应的影响 ,并介绍了超临界流体中酶催化反应在工业上的应用现状和发展前景。     

酶催化技术开发及应用的研究进展

在有机合成中,酶作为一种有效的生物催化剂被广泛应用,但因为种种困难的存在,致使其在工业生产中应用还不十分广泛。目前为了解决酶应用技术中所存在的问题,各相关方面的研究十分活跃。本文简单地介绍和分析了有关研究的最新进展。     

微生物酶催化腈水解反应的研究进展

腈的酶法水解不仅反应条件温各,而且高效性、高选择性,在光学活性羧酸及其衍生物的合成中具有巨大的应用潜力。综述了催化腈水解的酶类、反应类型、反应特性、影响反应的因素及其在工业上的应用前景。     

几丁质酶的三级结构和催化机制

几丁质酶广泛存在于各种生物中 ,包括含有其底物 (几丁质 )的真菌、昆虫等生物中 ,也存在于不含几丁质的植物中。因而它在各种生物中有不同的作用。细菌产生几丁质酶可以分解几丁质物质而获得营养 ;真菌中几丁质酶在其细胞分裂和形态建成等方面发挥着作用 ;昆虫等节肢动物中几丁质酶在它们的蜕皮等生长发育中起着重要作用 ;植物以及高等动物的几丁质酶可能主要在于防御病原物的侵染。近来 ,由于几丁质酶在抗真菌中的作用而备受关注。几丁质酶根据其氨基酸序列的同源性被分成 1 8和 1 9两个家族。1 8家族广泛存在于各种生物中 ,而 1 9家族大…     

工业环境下酶蛋白的催化行为与适应性改造研究进展

酶在工业上有着广泛应用和巨大潜力,但工业生产中高温、强酸/碱、高盐、有机溶剂和高底物浓度等条件仍然制约着酶的大规模应用。为使酶能更好地在工业环境下发挥催化作用,目前的主要策略是对酶进行适应性改造(如理性或半理性设计、定向进化、固定化等)。文中简要阐述了酶在工业环境下的催化行为以及近年对其适应性改造的研究进展,以期为酶的适应性改造提供参考。     

基于稳健性设计优化L-赖氨酸发酵过程

目的:选择发酵系统中各可控因素的最佳水平组合,从而减少各种干扰的影响,以获得稳健的赖氨酸产量。方法:利用田口法的内外表与Box性能规则优化赖氨酸发酵条件。结果:通过实验得知,转速、硫酸铵和葡萄糖浓度对发酵影响较大;结果稳定的最优发酵条件为初始葡萄糖浓度为80g/L、硫酸铵浓度为42g/L、转速为225r/min、初始pH值为6.7、接种量为8%。经实验验证,最优化发酵条件是低灵敏度的,最优目标值比较稳健。在10L自动发酵罐上培养65h,L-赖氨酸盐酸盐的产量为165.68g/L,比优化前提高了12.4%。结论:基于稳健性设计所得的最优发酵条件参数,可使目的产物产量稳定,便于生产操作。     

Coupling of Fermentation and Esterification: Microbial Esterification of Decanoic Acid with Ethanol Produced via Fermentation

Two different kinds of bioprocess, ethanol fermentation and subsequent microbial esterification, were coupled using Issatchenkia terricola IFO 0933 in an interface bioreactor. The strain produced ethyl decanoate (Et-DA) by esterification of exogenous decanoic acid (DA) with ethanol produced via fermentation. The efficiency of the new coupling system depended on the concentration of glucose in a carrier and DA in an organic phase (decane) in an agar plate interface bioreactor. Optimum glucose content and DA concentration were 4% and 29 mM, respectively.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Variable-Size Group Testing and its Related Continuous Models

Parallels between the discrete group-testing model and some closely-related continuous models are elucidated. It is shown that in both the discrete and continuous cases, the maximum likelihood estimators may suffer from similar lack of robustness. Isotonic regression and maximum likelihood estimation were therefore compared for a modified group testing model.     

微生物发酵青蒿叶和叶渣的研究

为扩大青蒿原料的应用途径,延伸青蒿产业链,对青蒿叶和叶渣进行发酵研究.拟开发可用于动物保健的青蒿来源的产品.采用微生物发酵青蒿及青蒿叶渣,检测枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、植物乳杆菌等菌株发酵青蒿叶和叶渣后其粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维素以及青蒿素、青蒿乙素、双氢青蒿酸、青蒿酸含量变化.青蒿叶发酵产物及功效成分含量与对照组比较,...     

基于SOPC技术的多路并行ECG实时检测分析系统的设计

针对目前心电监护设备微型化、实时性、高采样率、存储量大等实际需求,采用了一种基于最新的SOPC（System On a Programmable Chip）技术的心电检测系统的设计。将DSP和MCU的功能集成在一块FPGA上,在FPGA内部实现多路心电信号的并行处理,由SD卡记录较长时间的连续心电信号,并实现心电信号的实时分析和心律失常的预警等扩展功能。     

初始装液比例对赖氨酸产量的影响分析

L-赖氨酸发酵过程中合理且充分供氧是提高发酵产量主要途径之一。大型发酵罐的供氧主要取决搅拌、通气量和装液比例等。通过分析初始装液比例对赖氨酸发酵的影响,发现不同初始装液比例的发酵规律。结果表明,合适的初始装液比例(55%)在相同发酵周期内可以有效提高产量13.54%。     

Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Tension on Microbial Ethylene Production in Continuous Culture

Pseudomonas sp. strain ST-200 isolated from a humus soil effectively oxidizes cholesterol dissolved in organic solvents but not that suspended in the growth medium. The organism does not assimilate cholesterol. This organism oxidized a variety of 5α- or 5-ene-sterols dissolved in organic solvent. First, the 3β-OH group was oxidized to a ketone group. The 3α-OH group was scarcely oxidized. Successively, C-6 position of 5-ene-steroids was hydroxylated, and a double bond of 5-ene-steroids was transferred from Δ⁵ to Δ ⁴. Then, the 6-OH group was oxidized to a ketone group. Persolvent fermentation with ST-200 would provide an effective, convenient, and stereospecific method to oxidize the C-3 and C-6 positions of steroids.     

微生物发酵炮制何首乌机理的初步研究

为探讨微生物发酵炮制何首乌的机制,采用HPLC考察何首乌微生物发酵前后二苯乙烯苷类和蒽醌类化学成分的变化。何首乌经米根霉发酵后,产生了新的蒽醌类成分大黄素-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,而二苯乙烯苷类成分无变化。同时药理研究发现,大黄素-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷对家兔肠平滑肌的收缩作用弱于大黄素。由此推断,在何首乌发酵炮制过程中,米根霉可催化大黄素转化为大黄素-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,从而降低何首乌的泻下作用。实验结果初步验证了微生物发酵炮制何首乌的科学性。     

Robustness of G1/S checkpoint pathways in cell cycle regulation based on probability of DNA-damaged cells passing as healthy cells

We investigate the robustness and the behaviours of the critical proteins under parameter perturbations of G1/S checkpoint pathways with different levels of DNA-damage, based on a mathematical model of the pathways. We identify the peak times (PTs) of two key proteins as the in silico biomarkers based on the currently established biology, and the results from the local and global sensitivity analyses show the significant kinetic parameters that are associated with the key proteins. The robustness of the G1/S checkpoint pathways with or without DNA-damage is defined based on the probability (β) of DNA-damaged cells passing as healthy cells under the given perturbation regimes. The results from the global sensitivity analyses based on four defined levels of parameter range reveal that we can accurately distinguish healthy cells from the defective cells when parameter variations are within a range of ±10%. However, the probability of wrongly identifying damaged cells as healthy cells became very large (more than 0.43) when the level of change of parameters exceeds ±30%. Provided that there are probably millions of cells that are oncogenically primed at any given time, these dangerous cells are disposed through apoptosis and cellular senescence. However, the very recent experimental findings state that this irreversible process happens not in the pre-tumoral stage but in the pre-malignant tissue where a non-invasive tumor is formed. This points out that a large number of damaged cells undergo proliferation without being caught at DNA-damage checkpoints. Our simulation results, in terms of percentage of damaged cells that pass G1/S checkpoint agree with this possibility.