巴氏碳球C60对红细胞膜的光敏作用研究

用人红细胞膜作实验材料,研究了巴氏碳球Ｃ６０对红细胞膜的光敏作用。结果发现,Ｃ６０光激发后对膜蛋白质几种重要氨基酸有明显破坏作用,并氧化膜蛋白巯基和膜不饱和脂肪酸。采用ＮａＮ３和ＳＯＤ作抑制剂探明了Ｃ６０的光敏作用存在氧自由基的影响,并在Ｃ６０光激发后的电子顺磁共振（ＥＳＲ）研究中得到进一步证实。     

巴氏碳球C60光激发对红细胞膜流动性的影响

巴氏碳球Ｃ_（６０）光激发对红细胞膜流动性的影响黄文栋,钱凯先,唐海琼（浙江大学生物科学与技术系,杭州３１００２７）李文铸（渐江大学物理系,杭州３１００２７）关键词Ｃ_（６０）;光激发;红细胞膜;荧光偏振;膜流动性Ｃ６０是Ｋｒｏｔｏ等人［１］于１９８５...     

香菇C_（91－3）菌发酵液小鼠体内外抗肿瘤作用的研究

香菇Ｃ_（９１－３）菌是我们多年筛选出的一株经生物发酵后,其发酵液具有明显的抗肿瘤、抗细菌作用的真菌。研究结果表明：该发酵液具有明显体外抗肿瘤作用的活性物质。对ＭＨ_（１３４）、Ｘ５５５３、Ｃａ７６１／Ｌ、ＹＡＣ－１、Ｈ_（２２）、Ｋ５６２抑瘤率为７６．７～１００％。在体内抗肿瘤实验中,采用Ｈ_（２２）、Ｓ１８０腹水瘤的研究中,小鼠存活率分别为４０％、４５％。本文还对香菇Ｃ_（９１－３）菌发酵液抗肿瘤的机理进行了探讨。     

光敏核不育水稻幼穗的乙烯生成与育性转换

研究了在不同光温组合下光敏核不育水稻（ＰＧＭＲ）农垦５８５（ＮＫ５８Ｓ）及普通水稻品种农垦５８（ＮＫ５８Ｂ）的幼穗乙烯生物合成变化及其与育性表达的关系。结果表明ＮＫ５８Ｓ幼穗乙烯生成受光周期和温度的共同调节,而光周期对ＮＫ５８Ｂ幼穗乙烯生成无明显影响。ＮＫ５８Ｓ幼穗乙烯生成的变化与育性转换光温作用模式完全吻合。其幼穗乙烯释放速率（ＥＲＲ）与花粉可育度（ｌｎｙ）呈极显著负相关。用ＡＶＧ抑制乙烯生成可使ＮＫ５８Ｓ（ＬＤ）不育性明显逆转,而用ＡＣＣ促进乙烯生成又可急剧降低ＮＫ５８Ｓ（ＳＤ）的可育水平。表明幼穗乙烯生成与ＰＧＭＲ育性表达密切相关,乙烯参与育性转换的调控并可能起着重要作用。     

PAF对肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞TXA_2，PGI_2乃Ca~（2＋）－ATPase的影响

本工作采用分离培养家兔肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣｓ），观察了外源性血小板活化因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＡＦ）、ＢＮ５２０２１（ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂）、吲哚美辛、维拉帕米对ＰＡＳＭＣｓ产生血栓素Ａ_２（ＴｘＡ_２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ_２）及对细胞膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的影响。结果表明：（１）基础状态下ＰＡＳＭＣｓ存在花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）代谢。（２）外源性ＰＡＦ通过受体后途径激活环加氧酶促进ＡＡ代谢致ＴＸＡ_２及ＰＧＩ－２增加，ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２比值无明显变化。（３）外源性ＰＡＦ能直接抑制Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。（４）维拉帕米可逆转ＰＡＦ抑制ＰＡＳＭＣｓ膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的效应。     

1.4-Naphthoquinone与兔骨肌肌质网钙通道相互作用表现出的双相特性

利用Ｃａ２＋浓度动态光谱法和［３Ｈ］－ＲｙａｎｏｄｉｎｅＢｉｎｄｉｎｇ法,对具有特异氧化硫醇基团的抗肿瘤剂１,４－Ｎａｐｈｔｈｏｑｕｉｎｏｎｅ（１,４ＮＱ）与兔骨肌肌质网（ＳＲ）钙通道（ＲｙＲ）的作用机制进行了研究．探讨了氧化态１,４ＮＱ激发载钙ＳＲ囊泡的Ｃａ２＋释放机制,并首次揭示出１,４ＮＱ对ｒｙａｎｏｄｉｎｅｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ的影响具有强烈依赖于浓度和时间的双相特性。实验结果表明,ＲｙＲ蛋白上至少存在两个硫醇调控部位,它们的氧化还原态决定着ＲｙＲ的门控功能。这个结果对ＲｙＲ氧化还原模型是一个新发展。     

HL－60细胞诱导分化过程中TPK和PTPP活力的时空改变

对ＲＡ、ＨＨＴ和ＷＰ_（８５２）诱导ＨＬ－６０细胞分化过程中胞浆和膜溶脱部分中的ＴＰＫ和ＰＴＰＰ活力变化进行了研究．结果表明,在诱导早期,ＴＰＫ的活力就有明显的波动变化;随着诱导时间的延长,胞浆部分ＴＰＫ活力下降,膜溶脱部分的ＴＰＫ活力则升高．诱导后,胞浆部分和膜溶脱部分的ＰＴＰＰ活力均明显升高。与ＴＰＫ活力变化相比较,ＰＴＰＰ变化幅度比ＴＰＫ的大。     

茶多酚对沙土鼠脑缺血后再灌注氧化损伤的保护作用

采用蒙古沙土鼠（Ｇｅｒｂｉｌ）制作脑缺血后再灌注模型,用化学发光法（Ｃｈｅｍｉｌｕｍｉｎｓｃｅｎｅ,ＣＬ）测定缺血后再灌注、喂饲茶多酚后脑组织内源性超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活性、脂质过氧化程度（ＬＰＯ）及脑组织ＡＴＰ能量代谢的变化;运用顺磁共振法（ＥＳＲ）检测了缺血后再灌注过程中产生的活性氧（ＲｅａｃｔｉｖｅＯｘｙｇｅｎＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ,ＲＯＳ）,探讨了脑缺血后再灌注的损伤机制及抗氧化剂的保护作用。在整体模型的研究中表明,茶多酚对沙土鼠脑缺血后再灌注氧化损伤具有显著的保护作用;内源性超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,脂质过氧化程度下降,ＡＴＰ水平升高     

表皮生长因子对鼠胚成纤维细胞细胞周期的调节作用

本文观察了表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞Ｃ_３Ｈ／１０Ｔ_１／２ＣＬ_８（简称Ｃ_３Ｈ／１０）细胞周期的影响。结果表明：ＥＧＦ使Ｓ期提前,细胞周期缩短。进一步探讨了ＥＧＦ对细胞周期影响的机制,发现ＥＧＦ可活化在细胞周期调节中起重要作用的Ｐ３４~（ｃｄｃ２）激酶（简称ＣＤ２Ｋ）,使ＣＤ２Ｋ在周期中活性高峰出现的时间提前,提示ＥＧＦ对细胞周期的影响可能通过作用于ＣＤ２Ｋ实现的。     

~（31）P－NMR谱在人急性早幼粒白血病HL－60细胞分化代谢研究中的应用

ＨＬ－６０细胞是目前研究诱导分化药物的常用细胞株,应用核磁共振~（３１）Ｐ谱,观察ＨＬ－６０细胞经分化诱导剂全反式维甲酸和新维甲类化合物ＳＬＭ９１２３作用前后的代谢改变,发现分化后的细胞对ＡＴＰ能量的需求明显增高,膜磷脂的合成前体──磷酸单酯也有明显增加,另外还发现分化后的细胞内ｐＨ值有从偏碱性转为偏酸性的趋势,文中对这些改变的可能机制作了探讨。     

HPD对人工膜的光敏作用

本文用ESB、荧光和冰冻断裂电子显微镜技术在分子水平上研究了血卟啉衍生物(HPD)作用于人工膜的光敏作用过程,损伤细胞膜的途径以及各种因素的影响.结果表明,HPD光敏作用与羟基·OH有关的动力学过程和靶分子密切相关.光照HPD的主要靶物质是不饱和分子,双键是其重要的进攻部位,由此导致脂质过氧化和膜的破坏.但这并不一定是引起膜损伤的唯一途径.HPD光敏作用也可破坏靶分子的空间排列或构象,从而导致膜结构的无序和损伤.牛血清白蛋白可以加强HPD的光敏作用.此外,HPD的光敏作用还受温度,光照时间、HPD和靶物质的浓度等因素的影响.     

Significant year-to-year variation of the response to radiation-induced stress shown by gill fatty acid metabolism in eels (Anguilla anguilla) captured from the wild.

1. In eels captured in Roskilde Fjord in 1972 and 1975, a specifically enhanced synthesis was found from 14C-acetate of 14C-labelled mono-unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) relative to saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0) in sea water 4 days after irradiation (10 Gy, 60Co). 2. Corresponding experiments in 1976 and 1982 showed rather the opposite: irradiation resulted in more 14C-labelled saturated fatty acids relative to unsaturated fatty acids, both in fresh and sea water. 3. The latter effect was less marked than that in 1972 and 1975, but still statistically clearly significant.     

Interaction of the photosensitization products of oestrone with DNA: comparison with the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed reaction

The interaction with DNA of [4-14C]oestrone upon photosensitization with hematoporphyrin (HP) as a photosensitizer has been investigated. By means of Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration and extraction with dichloromethane it was found that, after irradiation (lambda greater than 425 nm) of a solution of HP, DNA and [4-14C]oestrone 21% of the radiolabel was associated with DNA. If DNA was added after irradiation 23% was bound to DNA, whereas 25% of the oestrone remained after photoreaction under the conditions applied. The binding occurs via the reactive 10 beta-hydroperoxy-1,4-estradien-3,17-dione, which is the only product after photosensitization of oestrone. The hydroperoxide has a strong interaction with DNA compared with that of other steroids. By repeated precipitation with 5 M NaCl and ethanol the association can be broken. It is reported, that binding of oestrone to protein induced by both photosensitization and horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)/H2O2 is irreversible, but that the amount of binding to DNA is dependent on the method of determination. However, neither the hydroperoxide nor its reduced product, a p-quinol, is intermediate or product in the HRPO catalyzed reaction of oestrogens. The tight association of the hydroperoxide product of oestrone with DNA, which may proceed via hydrogen bonding between the -OOH group and oxygen atoms of the backbone phosphate groups or of the furanose ring, might be a cause of chemical modification of DNA and of mutagenic effects.     

Proton magic angle spinning NMR reveals new features in photodynamically treated bacteria

The bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is light-sensitive due to porphyrin-induced photosensitization. The light sensitivity increases with incubation of 5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA. For the first time, 1H magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy is used to describe the photoinduced changes in the bacterium after ALA incubation. Successful photosensitization was performed with light-emitting diodes in the blue and red regions (430 and 654 nm, respectively). The irradiation setup, suitable for irradiation of bacterium suspensions in petri dishes is described. For NMR studies blue light diodes with about 90 micromol/m2s were chosen. After blue light irradiation, the endogenous glycine betaine, proline, glutamate and choline levels in P. acnes decreased with increasing irradiation time. For sublethal light doses (50% survival fraction), the endogenous glycine betaine level decreased 80% on average. The corresponding percentages for proline, choline and glutamate were about 40, 25 and 10, respectively. It is hypothesized that the irradiation, inducing porphyrin photosensitization amplified by ALA incubation, leads to elimination of the osmolyte glycine betaine and possibly also proline by so-called regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mechanisms. These mechanisms are known to be active in several prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells when exposed to hypotonic stress. They are also known to be present in several eukaryotic cells during photodynamic therapy (PDT) exposure leading to hypotonoc stress. The findings contribute to the knowledge of the inactivation mechanisms of P. acnes in photosensitization, and could therefore be of interest in the efforts to use PDT as treatment of the acne disease.     

Modelling the photosensitization-based inactivation of Bacillus cereus

Aims:  To study and to develop a model for the photo-destruction of the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus , initially treated with a precursor of endogenous photosensitizers (5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA).
Materials and methods:  The cells were incubated in the presence of ALA (3 or 7·5 mmol l⁻¹) for incubation times ranging from 2 to 60 min, inoculated onto the surface of LB Agar plates and submitted to light irradiation. The Weibull model was used to describe the survival curves of B. cereus . Quadratic equations were used to describe the effects of ALA concentration and incubation time on the Weibull model parameters.
Results:  ALA-based photosensitization proved to be an effective tool for inactivation of B. cereus . The decrease in viable counts observed after 20 min of irradiation, ranged from 4 to 6 log CFU g⁻¹.
Conclusions:  The developed model proved to be a parsimonious and robust solution to describe the observed data.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The study demonstrates the effectiveness of photosensitization on B. cereus on agar plates. The model developed may be useful to optimize inactivation treatments by photosensitization.     

Low levels of irradiation modify lipid domains in model membranes: a laser Raman study

We have used Raman spectroscopy to study the effects of ionizing radiation on thermal transitions of dipalmitoyl lecithin + polyunsaturated fatty acid liposomes. Raman spectra in the CH (2800-3000 cm-1), C = C (1600-1680 cm-1), and C-C (1000-1150 cm-1) stretching regions are sensitive to ionizing radiation. The CH stretching of acyl chains yields three strong bands around 2850, 2880, and 2930 cm-1. The ratios of the relative intensities of 2880 and 2850 cm-1 bands, i.e., I2880/2850, when plotted against temperature show multiple infection points which correspond to multiple spectroscopic transitions. These are ascribed to a separate phase with distinctive proportions of lecithin and polyunsaturated fatty acids. We find these transitions sensitive to low levels of ionizing radiation. Doses as low as 5-15 rad after 48 h of 60Co gamma irradiation and 60 kVp X irradiation drastically broaden and shift the polyunsaturated rich phase which occurs at lower temperatures (-7 to +5 degrees C) than that of pure dipalmitoyl lecithin (39 degrees C). In addition a new transition around 46 degrees C also emerges upon irradiation (48 h postirradiation). These irradiation effects can be accelerated by the presence of catalytic amounts of Fe2+/EDTA +H2O2. The membrane transition modification is more sensitive to 60 kVp X rays in comparison to 60Co gamma rays owing to the high LET component of the former. The intensity of 1660 cm-1 band, assigned to C = C stretching in the cis-configuration, loses intensity upon irradiation. Concomitantly, a new band around 1675 cm-1, assigned to trans-configuration, emerges. Similarly the increase in the "order parameter" as calculated from the relative intensities of C--C stretching bands indicates rigidification of membrane. Various factors such as reduction in unsaturation, increase in trans-configuration, and the formation of multiple peroxidation products are invoked as lipid phase modifiers.     

Control of fatty acid incorporation in membrane phospholipids. X-ray-induced changes in fatty acid uptake by tumor cells

Lymphosarcoma cells isolated from the spleens of tumor-bearing mice were used to study the effect of a low dose of X-rays (5 Gy) on the incorporation of [³H]palmitate and [¹⁴C]arachidonate into the lipids of the tumor cells. Palmitate and arachidonate were rapidly incorporated especially into the phospholipids of the cells. Between one and three hours after the start of the incubation with radiactive palmitate 80–90% of the label of the total lipids was found in the phospholipid fraction. Already after a few minutes of incubation with radioactive arachidonate, about 95% of the label was incorporated in the phospholipids. Irradiation caused a small but significant increase in the rate of fatty acid incorporation for both fatty acids. Concomitantly, a significantly increased amount of fatty acid was removed from the medium by the cells as a result of the irradiation, and the specific radioactivity of the free fatty acids in the cells was found to be enhanced. The radiation effect on the tumor cells could be mimicked by a hypotonic treatment. The magnitude of the radiation-induced stimulation of the fatty acid incorporation was similar to that of the hypotonically induced effect. Cells which had received a hypotonic treatment before the irradiation, did not show an additional radiation-induced enhancement of fatty acid incorporation into the cellular lipids. When the cells were incubated with serum albumin loaded with a relatively large (non-physiological) amount of complexed fatty acids (fatty acid: albumin molar ratio, $\text{ν}\text{= 3.7}$), no radiation effect on the fatty acid incorporation could be detected. It is concluded that hypotonic treatment, irradiation, and increased supply of exogenous fatty acids all lead to an enhanced flux of fatty acids into the cells. These results confirm our previous suggestion that the uptake of fatty acids through the plasma membrane is the rate-limiting step in the fatty acid incorporation into the phospholipids and that ionizing radiation is one of the means to enhance fatty acid uptake through the plasma membrane leading to an increased incorporation into the phospholipids.     

Photosensitizing activity of water- and lipid-soluble phthalocyanines on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial cells.

The photosensitizing activity of lipophilic zinc-phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) and its water-soluble sulphonated derivative (Zn-PcS) towards Streptococcus faecium and Candida albicans was studied and correlated with the amount of cell-bound photosensitizer. With both micro-organisms Zn-PcS was more tightly bound in larger amounts than Zn-Pc in the protoplasts of the cytoplasmic membrane. As a consequence, the photoinduced damage in S. faecium initially involved membrane proteins, while DNA was modified only upon prolonged irradiation. For C. albicans only Zn-PcS showed a preferential affinity for the spheroplasts and the decrease in cell survival was not accompanied by detectable modifications of the electrophoretic pattern of membrane proteins. The photoinduced ultrastructural alteration of both micro-organisms suggests damage at membrane level. This would indicate the involvement of different targets in bacteria and yeast for phthalocyanine photosensitization.     

The effect of ionizing irradiation on the lipid biosynthesis by thymus and liver

New Zealand rabbits, fasted for 12 hours, were subjected to 500 rads of whole-body irradiation. Analysis of thymus lipids, at various time intervals following irradiation, showed a threefold increase of triglycerides at 24 hours. Fatty acid composition of the 600 X g supernatant was not affected at 24 hours after irradiation. Lipid biosynthesis from acetate-1-14C by the thymus homogenates was increased to a small extent at 4 hours following irradiation, while the radioactivity distribution into fatty acids was not considerably affected. Contrary to the above findings, fatty acid synthesis from acetate-l-14C by the liver preparations showed a decreased incorporation between the fourth and twelfth hour following irradiation. Counting of the radioactivity of the separated fatty acids suggested that the system for synthesis of short-chain fatty acids was impaired as early as 4 hours following irradiation.