中国片盾蚧属一新种记述(半翅目:盾蚧科)

记述中国片盾蚧属1新种——勐仑片盾蚧Parlatoria menglunensis,sp.nov．。模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国片盾蚧属——新种记述（半翅目：盾蚧科）

记述中国片盾蚧属1新种——蔷薇片盾蚧Parlatoria rosia，sp．nov．。模式标本保存于中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国片盾蚧属一新种记述(半翅目:盾蚧科)

记述中国片盾蚧属1新种--蔷薇片盾蚧Parlatoria rosia,sp.nov..模式标本保存于中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫标本馆.     

中国片盾蚧属一新种及一新纪录种(半翅目,盾蚧科)

记述中国片盾蚧属1新种芦苇片盾蚧Parlatoria reedia sp.nov和1新纪录种加氏片盾蚧Parlatoria ghanii Hall ＆ Williams,模式标本保存在中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫标本馆.     

闪蓝红点唇瓢虫对考氏白盾蚧的捕食作用研究

闪蓝红点唇瓢虫是猕猴桃考氏白盾蚧的主要天敌,在湖南一年发生1代,以幼虫在猕猴桃树干及枝条上的考氏白盾蚧下或以蛹在立架铁丝和猕猴桃小枝上越冬,该瓢虫成虫对考氏白盾蚧卵的功能反应属于Hassell &Comins Ⅲ型,对雌成蚧和雄蛹的功能反应属于Holling Ⅱ型;取食卵的“S”型曲线方程为Na=0.06339N/1+0.06339N+7.16307×10~(-5)·N~2,取食雌成蚧和雄蛹的圆盘方程分别为Na=1.0211N/1+0.008443N和Na=0.7315N/1+0.002394N;一昼夜对卵、雌成蚧、雄蛹的最大捕获量分别为885粒、121头和308头。     

米兰白轮盾蚧及其天敌初步研究

米兰白轮盾蚧Aulacaspis cratcii(Cockerell)是米兰的一种重要害虫。该虫在福州一年发生4-5代,世代重叠显,冬季无停育现象。2月中旬为第一代若虫高峰期,全年以8、9月虫口最低。每雌平均产卵153粒,卵期9-24天,一龄若虫期10-28天,二瓣若虫期10-15天,雄蛹期(古前蛹)4-5天,雌成虫寿命31-36天,雄成虫寿命短,仅1-2天。已知天敌有异角蚜小蜂、盾蚧寡节跳小蜂、日本方头甲、捕食性蓟马和捕食蠕等。异角蚜小蜂自然寄生率最高达60．87％。     

橄榄片盾蚧的生物学特性及其防治

研究表明库尔勒香梨上发生的蚧壳虫优势种 ,并非习惯上称呼的梨圆蚧Quadraspidiotuspernicio sus (Comstock) ,而是橄榄片盾蚧Parlatoriaoleae (Colv e)。橄榄片盾蚧 1年发生 2代 ,以受精雌成虫在枝干上越冬 ,产卵繁殖后代 ,严重危害寄主枝条、果实及叶片。防治的关键时期是 5月中旬     

扑虱灵对糠片蚧若虫杀虫活性及残效的研究

扑虱灵对糠片蚧初孵及1龄若虫具有高的杀虫话性,其触杀毒力为氧化乐果的5倍,残效期长,约14天,并对后代繁殖有明显的控制作用。     

广东和海南扶桑绵粉蚧的天敌调查

自2009年7月至2010年12月,我们对广东和海南的扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley的天敌进行调查,共发现8种天敌.其中,捕食性天敌有4种,分别是孟氏隐唇瓢虫Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant、双带盘瓢虫Lemnia bilagiata(Swart...     

从进口塔吉克斯坦苹果上截获重要害虫橄榄片盾蚧

【目的】明确橄榄片盾蚧的形态特征并编制与近似种的检索表,收集整理橄榄片盾蚧的分布范围、寄主、天敌、生物学特性、经济重要性,为该蚧虫的防控措施提供依据。【方法】通过显微特征的观察和测量进行种类鉴定,研究橄榄片盾蚧的生物学及生态学相关资料。【结果】橄榄片盾蚧雌介壳长0.77 mm左右,雌成虫体长0.55 mm左右,体紫色,臀板黄色,触角瘤小且有一个弯曲的长毛,前气门有4个盘状孔,后气门无,有3对发达的臀叶,中臀叶最大,第二臀叶和第三臀叶相似,第四臀叶呈齿状凸起,围阴腺5群。【结论】橄榄片盾蚧繁殖能力强,寄主种类多,一旦入侵到未发生区,会对当地自然生态系统造成严重的危害。加强检验检疫是防治该虫的主要措施之一,生物、化学防治是治理该虫的重要方法。     

云南省斑翅果蝇寄生性天敌昆虫种类调查

斑翅果蝇作为危害蓝莓、杨梅、葡萄、樱桃等软皮水果的重要害虫之一,已经引起国内外广泛关注,明确斑翅果蝇寄生性天敌昆虫的种类、分布和自然寄生状况,可以为斑翅果蝇天敌的保护利用提供科学依据。本文通过在云南省斑翅果蝇适生区采集斑翅果蝇的栽培寄主和野生浆果果实,带回实验室培养5~8d,解剖果实并挑出斑翅果蝇蛹,收集其中羽化的斑翅果蝇寄生性天敌昆虫,并记录其种类和数量,计算寄生率。本研究共采集调查了45种植物果实,有15种植物果实可被斑翅果蝇危害,其中杨梅中的斑翅果蝇种群数量最大,达到96.03头/百果;共收集到5种斑翅果蝇的寄生蜂,其中幼虫寄生蜂有丽盾瘿蜂Ganaspis brasiliensis、细毛瘿蜂Leptopilina japonica和反颚茧蜂Asobara sp.,蛹寄生蜂有果蝇锤角细蜂Trichopria drosophilae和蝇蛹金小蜂Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae,寄生蜂的自然寄生率最高可达27.81%。结果表明,丽盾瘿蜂的虫口数量最多,分布最广,为斑翅果蝇的田间优势种寄生蜂。斑翅果蝇的寄生性天敌昆虫在斑翅果蝇化蛹后的1~2周达到羽化高峰期,对斑翅果蝇具有较好的自然控制作用。     

我国烟粉虱主要捕食和寄生性天敌控制能力研究进展

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius是一种广泛分布于世界各地的多食性害虫,对我国多个省市区的农作物和观赏植物造成了严重的危害。化学杀虫剂的大量使用在杀伤天敌的同时使烟粉虱产生了不同程度的抗性,防治越来越困难;相较于化学防治,在不同地区筛选有效的天敌对烟粉虱进行生物防治是对烟粉虱进行有效控制的重要方法。我国报道的捕食性天敌共计26科109种,寄生性天敌共计2科59种。烟粉虱防治过程中由于单一的防治效果不理想,联合多个天敌资源的利用是增加对烟粉虱的生物防治效果的重要手段。本文通过对我国烟粉虱捕食性和寄生性天敌种类系统全面的整理,同时对烟粉虱优势种天敌中的单种或者多种组合利用后对烟粉虱的的控害潜能进行综述,以期为烟粉虱天敌昆虫种类的筛选和实现高效的生物防治提供科学依据。     

思茅地区咖啡天牛天敌的多样性调查和控制评价

作者在1994～1997年的调查研究中发现思茅地区拥有丰富的天敌资源。共鉴定出8种主要捕食和寄生于咖啡天牛的天敌,其中蚂蚁类4种：立毛举腹蚁(Crematogaster ferrarii)、黑褐举腹蚁(C.rogenhoferi)、中华小家蚁(Monomorium chinense )和法老家蚁(M.pharaonis );蠼螋2种：蠼螋(Labidura riparia)、锤角螋(Nesogaster sp.);寄生蜂2 种：间斑举腹姬蜂(Pristaulacus intermedius)和茶色茧蜂(Iphiaulax rufus)。饲养和调查结果显示,黑褐举腹蚁、立毛举腹蚁、间斑举腹姬蜂和蠼螋4种捕食或寄生性天敌,自然种群大、控制能力强,有很大的利用前景。建议生产中减少化学农药的施用,以保护天敌的生存环境,发挥天敌的自然控制作用。     

Effects of mowing frequency on densities of natural enemies in three Pacific Northwest pear orchards

Effects of mowing frequency on ground cover composition and on numbers of predators, parasitoids, and select phytophagous arthropods in the ground cover of three reduced‐insecticide pear orchards were determined. Concurrent samples taken in the tree canopy (with beating trays) and in the herbicide strips on the orchard floor (with pitfall traps) tested whether counts of natural enemies in these two habitats were also affected by mowing regime. A reduction in frequency of mowing from two to three times per month (= control) to once per month or once per growing season led to increased cover of grasses, broadleaf plants, and broadleaf plants in flower. Sweep net samples of natural enemies in the ground cover were dominated numerically by spiders (Araneae), parasitic Hymenoptera, and predatory Heteroptera, with lesser numbers of other taxa (Syrphidae, Neuroptera, Coccinellidae). Predators and parasitoids showed substantial increases in numbers associated with decreased mowing frequency. Sweep net counts of aphids, Lygus spp. (Heteroptera: Miridae), and leafhoppers/planthoppers, all potential prey of predators, also increased significantly with decreased mowing frequency. In the pitfall samples, only the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) exhibited a change in counts associated with mowing treatment; numbers of earwigs in pitfall traps declined as mowing frequency decreased. For the beat tray samples, mean tray counts for most natural enemy taxa were higher in the less frequently mowed plots, but significantly (P < 0.05) so only for two taxa: spiders and a predatory mirid, Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae). It remains to be determined whether biological control of pests in the tree canopy can be enhanced by manipulating mowing frequency. Questions raised by this study include whether there is extensive movement by natural enemies between the ground cover and tree canopy, and whether plot size affects the likelihood of showing that mowing frequency influences predator densities in the tree canopy.     

小麦-油菜邻作对麦田主要害虫和天敌的影响

应用昆虫群落生态学的群落特性分析方法,于2008年和2009年在河北省邯郸市调查了小麦与油菜邻作对麦田蚜虫及主要天敌群落的构成、丰富度和稳定性的影响.结果表明：小麦与油菜田间昆虫群落的组成相似,主要田间害虫为蚜虫,其捕食性天敌包括瓢虫类、草蛉类、蜘蛛类和食蚜蝇,寄生性天敌为蚜茧蜂;两年间田间昆虫群落的组成有一定的变化,但均表现为邻近油菜的麦田蚜虫丰富度最低,捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌的丰富度最高;邻近油菜的麦田昆虫群落、麦蚜亚群落、捕食性天敌亚群落的稳定性高,远离油菜的稳定性低.该模式可以有效保护和利用天敌,增强田间自然天敌对害虫的控制能力.     

A review of the hymenopterous natural enemies of cockroaches with emphasis on biological control

The biology and control potential of hymenopterous natural enemies of cockroaches in the familiesAmpulicidae, Evaniidae, Pteromalidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, andEncyrtidae were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on parasitoids of major domiciliary cockroach species, especially those that have had experimental usage in integrated pest management programs. The most promising parasitoids wereAprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) againstPeriplaneta species, andComperia merceti (Compere) againstSupella longipalpa (F.). Future research should focus on practical augmentation techniques that will be compatible with other control methodologies in the urban environment.      

中稻田三种飞虱的捕食性天敌优势种及农药对天敌的影响

对两优0923非防治的中稻田白背飞虱、灰飞虱和褐飞虱与其天敌间的关系,采用灰色关联度法、生态位分析方法,对盆拍法调查的3种飞虱与其捕食性天敌在数量、时间和空间三方面关系进行分析,对每一种天敌对应的关联度、生态位重叠指数和相似性比例等参数标准化后的密切指数相加,按照密切指数值之和大小排序,评判3种飞虱捕食性天敌优势种.并用同样方法分析常规防治田农药对飞虱捕食性天敌的影响,以期为合理施药,科学保护和利用天敌优势种提供科学依据,其结果是,非防治田白背飞虱前三位天敌是条纹蝇虎、草间小黑蛛和锥腹肖蛸;灰飞虱的是八斑球腹蛛、茶色新园蛛和锥腹肖蛸;褐飞虱的是纵条蝇狮、四点亮腹蛛和黑肩绿盲蝽.防治田白背飞虱前三位天敌是条纹蝇虎、草间小黑蛛和锥腹肖蛸;灰飞虱的是拟水狼蛛、四点亮腹蛛和草间小黑蛛;褐飞虱的是黑肩绿盲蝽、拟水狼蛛和四点亮腹蛛.盆拍法的防治田和非防治田之间3种飞虱前三位的相同天敌,白背飞虱完全相同,灰飞虱没有相同天敌,褐飞虱的是黑肩绿盲蝽和四点亮腹蛛.飞虱与天敌在时间和数量关系上,扫网法的防治田和非防治田之间3种飞虱前三位的相同天敌,白背飞虱的是锥腹肖蛸和四点亮腹蛛,灰飞虱完全相同,褐飞虱的是纵条蝇狮和条纹影虎.两种稻田的差异主要是农药杀伤了飞虱,使飞虱数量减少,并对天敌有一定杀伤力,进而影响到天敌的发生规律.非防治田的盆拍法和扫网法之间,3种飞虱前三位相同的天敌,白背飞虱的是锥腹肖蛸,灰飞虱的也是锥腹肖蛸,褐飞虱的是纵条蝇狮.防治田两调查方法结果之间,白背飞虱的是锥腹肖蛸,灰飞虱和褐飞虱前3位天敌中没有相同天敌,其差异主要是两法调查稻株的部位不同所致.     

两种杀虫剂对稻田捕食性天敌集团捕食功能的影响

将稻田各类捕食性天敌作为一集团,运用功能法评价了甲胺磷和杀虫双对该集团捕食功能的影响,由于各类捕食性天敌对杀虫剂敏感性的不同,甲胺磷和杀虫双造成的各类天敌的死亡率和残存天敌个体的捕食功能减退率均不同。实验表明,隐翅虫类和狼蛛类对甲胺磷较为敏感,而对杀虫双,肖蛸类最为敏感。杀虫双对隐翅虫类的致死作用及捕食功能影响较小。就集团的捕食功能而言,甲胺磷影响明显大于杀虫双,但在总的功能减退率组分中,甲胺磷致     

The impact of dimethoate on the spatial distribution of beneficial arthropods in winter wheat

The within‐field spatial distribution of beneficial arthropods was assessed using two‐dimensional grids of pitfall traps and suction sampling across two winter wheat fields of 4 and 16 ha, before and after an application of dimethoate. An unsprayed 6 m wide buffer zone was left around half the edge of the larger field. Arthropod numbers fluctuated to varying extents prior to spraying. Two species of Carabidae (Pterostichus madidus and P. melanarius), Linyphiidae, Lycosidae and Aphidius spp. (Braconidae) all showed their greatest reduction after spraying. For five carabid taxa, Tachyporus spp. (Staphylinidae) and Collembola the decline in numbers following spraying was no greater than any reduction found during the pre‐spraying period. Within field spatial distributions of three arthropod groups were analysed using SADIE. P. madidus, present in patches across the centre of both fields prior to spraying, was removed by dimethoate and by 34 days after spraying had recovered most at the field edges. Linyphiidae were evenly distributed across both fields prior to spraying. Their numbers were reduced considerably by dimethoate and they did not recover to pre‐spray levels. However, where recovery occurred this was across the centre of both fields indicating their potential to reinvade whole fields. Aphidius species were also evenly distributed across both fields prior to spraying, but did not recover after spraying. Some, but not all arthropods survived within the unsprayed buffer zone and there was some indication that reinvasion of the mid‐field was more extensive where this was present. The importance of field margins with respect to insecticide treatments is discussed.