Wnt/β-catenin信号通路与肝癌

肝细胞癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病机制尚未完全明确。Wnt信号通路与人体内多种病理生理过程相关,其中肝癌的发生、发展可能与经典的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路密切相关。Wnt/β-catein信号通路通过表达癌症相关基因、激活肝星状细胞、调控肝干细胞行为、促进肝癌细胞侵袭转移等方式调控肝癌的发生、发展。Wnt/β-catein信号通路在肝癌发生、发展中的作用有望为肝癌研究提供新的思路。     

Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disease

The WNT signal transduction cascade controls myriad biological phenomena throughout development and adult life of all animals. In parallel, aberrant Wnt signaling underlies a wide range of pathologies in humans. In this Review, we provide an update of the core Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, discuss how its various components contribute to disease, and pose outstanding questions to be addressed in the future.     

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路与干细胞衰老

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路作为一条进化保守的信号通路,有着广泛的生物学作用。研究发现,Wnt/β-catenin信号通路与干细胞衰老之间存在联系。激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路可导致干细胞发生衰老变化,而抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路可延缓干细胞的衰老。本文对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路与干细胞衰老之间的关系及其作用机制作一综述。     

MEK/ERK信号通路与脑缺血再灌注损伤

在脑缺血病灶中,中心区神经元坏死为主,周围以缺血半暗带凋亡为主,抑制半暗带细胞的凋亡,可以减少细胞的死亡和脑梗死的面积,因此改善半暗带是治疗脑卒中的关键环节.目前发现MAPK分布于整个中枢神经系统中,MEK/ERK信号通路参与细胞生长、发育、细胞抗凋亡等过程,在脑缺血再灌注损伤过程中有MEK/ERK信号通路的参与,MEK/ERK通路通过影响Bcl-2家族成员的活化和表达调控内源性凋亡途径,ERK通过对细胞周期的调控,抑制胶质细胞大量活化和过度增殖,减少了有害因子并改善局部微循环,从而减少神经元的凋亡.可能为脑血管的防治开辟一条新的途径.本文就MEK/ERK信号通路的结构特点与脑缺血再灌注损伤相关作用机制作一综述.     

Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatic organogenesis

Wnt/β-catenin signaling has come to the forefront of liver biology in recent years. This pathway regulates key pathophysiological events inherent to the liver including development, regeneration, and cancer, by dictating several biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, zonation and metabolism in various cells of the liver. This review will examine the studies that have uncovered the relevant roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the process of liver development. We will discuss the potential roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the phases of development, including competence, hepatic induction, expansion, and morphogenesis. In addition, we will discuss the role of negative and positive regulation of this pathway and how the temporal expression of Wnt/β-catenin can direct key processes during hepatic development. We will also identify some of the major deficits in the current understanding of the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver development in order to provide a perspective for future studies. Thus, this review will provide a contextual overview of the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during hepatic organogenesis.     

雌激素受体GPER通过抑制内质网应激减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤

本文旨在研究G蛋白耦联雌激素受体(G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER)是否通过作用于内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress, ERS)减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, CIRI)中的海马神经元损伤。采用大脑中动脉栓塞法(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)制备CIRI动物模型。选取雌性去卵巢(ovariectomized, OVX) Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,随机分为4组:对照(Control)组、缺血再灌注损伤(MCAO)组、溶媒(MCAO+DMSO)组、GPER特异性激动剂G1(MCAO+G1)组。用Longa评分法对大鼠进行神经行为学评分,用尼氏染色法观察神经元形态学改变,用TTC染色法检测脑梗死情况,用TUNEL染色法检测海马CA1区神经元凋亡情况,用免疫荧光染色技术观察海马CA1区GRP78 (78 kDa glucoseregulatedprotein78)的分布和表达,用Westernblot检测GRP78、Caspase-12、CHOP和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平,用real-time PCR检测GRP78、Caspase-12、CHOPmRNA水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,MCAO组大鼠神经行为学评分、脑梗死体积、细胞凋亡指数、GRP78、Caspase-12和CHOP蛋白和mRNA表达水平均显著升高。而G1可逆转MCAO组大鼠的上述变化。以上结果提示,激活GPER可减少神经元凋亡,减轻大鼠CIRI,其机制可能涉及GPER对ERS的抑制。     

姜黄素通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进骨折愈合

摘要 目的：探讨姜黄素治疗骨折的潜在应用价值及其对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的可能影响。方法：本研究建立了胫骨骨折SD大鼠模型（模型组）,然后应用不同剂量的姜黄素（50、100和200 mg/kg/d）治疗胫骨骨折大鼠4周。治疗4周后,通过苏木精和伊红（HE）染色评价骨折区域的形态,通过ELISA法测定大鼠血清中TGF-β、BMP-2、OC和CTX-I水平。应用不同浓度的姜黄素（0、5、10、20、和50 μM）或Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制剂ICG-001（10 μM）处理成骨细胞3 d,然后检测细胞的ALP活性、PCNA和COL-1的含量及Wnt /β-catenin信号通路相关分子的表达水平。结果：不同剂量的姜黄素处理组大鼠的小梁状骨和胶原明显增多。与模型组相比,不同剂量的姜黄素处理组大鼠血清中的TGF-β、BMP-2和OC水平均升高,而CTX-I水平降低（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,不同剂量的姜黄素处理组大鼠骨折区域中的COL-1阳性率升高（P<0.05）,而COL-2水平未发生显著变化（P>0.05）。在药物干预3 d后,10和20 μM的姜黄素促进了细胞增殖,而100和200 μM的姜黄素抑制了细胞增殖（P<0.05）。与0 μM组比较,10 μM和20 μM的姜黄素组成骨细胞上清液中PCNA和COL-1水平及ALP活性水平均显著升高（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,不同剂量的姜黄素处理组大鼠骨折区域中的Wnt-3a和β-catenin mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,而GSK-3β降低（P<0.05）。与姜黄素组相比,ICG-001处理后成骨细胞活力、ALP活性和β-catenin的表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）。结论：姜黄素通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进骨折愈合并刺激成骨细胞的增殖和分化。     

成骨细胞中经典Wnt/β-catenin通路研究进展

Wnt/β-catenin经典通路在成骨细胞的分化增殖中起着重要作用。目前研究表明,调节任何一个经典Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路中的因子都能影响成骨细胞的分化增殖。总结经典Wnt/β-catenin通路中各个因子与成骨细胞分化增殖的关系,以便进一步具体深入研究经典Wnt/β-catenin通路对成骨细胞的影响。     

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in severe preeclampsia

This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the development of preeclampsia (PE). The mRNA levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, c-myc and cyclinD1 were determined by real-time PCR in the placentas. Moreover, the expression levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) proteins were detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used in placental tissue microarray to localize the expression of Wnt1, β-catenin, DKK1 proteins in the placentas of two groups. Compared with the control placentas, the mRNA levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, c-myc and cyclinD1 were decreased in the severe preeclamptic placentas. The Western blot results showed that the expression levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, and GSK-3β proteins were significantly elevated in the control group, while the expression level of DKK1 was significantly decreased. In addition, the staining intensity of Wnt1, β-catenin were weaker in the placentas of the severe PE group while the staining intensity of DKK1 was significantly stronger in the placentas of the severe PE group. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PE by regulating the invasion and proliferation of trophoblast.     

Wnt/β-catenin通路在成骨细胞中的作用

Wnt信号通路包括经典通路和非经典通路两种,其中Wnt经典通路又称为Wnt/β-catenin通路,其在成骨细胞的分化、增殖过程中发挥这重要的作用。Wnt信号通路实现过程中有多种因子参与,包括Wnt蛋白、β-catenin、蛋白激酶GSK-3β以及APC蛋白等多种。Wnt蛋白家族是由19种Wnt蛋白组成的,主要分为经典Wnt蛋白和非经典Wnt蛋白,其本质是一系列高度保守的分泌性糖蛋白,并且不同的Wnt蛋白对成骨细胞发挥着不同的作用,其中经典Wnt蛋白通过经典Wnt信号作用于成骨细胞对成骨细胞的增殖、分化有着重要的影响。本综述通过对Wnt经典信号通路过程中的多种因子与成骨细胞分化、增殖的关系进行分析总结,了解Wnt/β-catenin通路对成骨细胞的作用。     

Wnt/β-catenin与肾脏损伤后的修复和纤维化

Wnt/β-catenin信号是一条进化上高度保守且极度复杂的发育信号通路,可调控胚胎发育、损伤修复以及多种人类疾病的发生、发展.大量证据表明,Wnt/β-catenin信号在肾脏早期发育中起关键作用,而在成年肾脏中则相对沉默.在多种肾脏病动物模型和人类肾脏疾病中它又被重新激活.急性肾损伤后Wnt/β-catenin的...     

坏死性凋亡在脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的研究进展

脑缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion, I/R)损伤涉及多种病理生理机制,但无论涉及何种机制,大多数受损脑细胞的最终命运都是死亡。然而细胞存在多种死亡模式,其中坏死性凋亡是一种新的程序性细胞死亡方式,参与脑I/R损伤。此次我们以坏死性凋亡为切入点,就近些年来坏死性凋亡及其在脑I/R损伤中的研究进展展开综述。     

Hippo/YAP和Wnt/β-catenin通路的对话

Hippo/YAP通路和Wnt/β-catenin通路是在细胞的生长分化、组织器官形成以及成体干细胞的维持等方面都起着重要作用的两条信号通路。在哺乳动物细胞中,Wnt/β-catenin通路通过一系列胞质蛋白的相互作用,使β-catenin蛋白在胞质内累积,进而入核传递生长刺激信号。Hippo/YAP通路通过激酶级联反应磷酸化YAP/TAZ,使其滞留在细胞质中,抑制了YAP/TAZ的转录活性,从而限制细胞的生长增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。这两条通路的异常调控往往会导致肿瘤的发生。近年来越来越多的研究证实,Hippo/YAP和Wnt/β-catenin在很多方面相互影响,共同参与组织生长和胚胎发育的调控。研究这两个通路在肿瘤发生过程中的转导和调控以及它们相互作用的机制,有助于为肿瘤的防治提供新的思路与策略。文章对这两条通路的协同作用及其分子机制进行了综述。     

肢体缺血预处理减轻大鼠海马缺血/再灌注损伤

目的:探讨肢体缺血预处理(LIP)对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响.方法: 36只大鼠椎动脉凝闭后随机分为假手术(Control)组、脑缺血组、肢体缺血组、LIP 0 d组(LIP后即刻行脑缺血)、LIP 1 d组(LIP后1 d行脑缺血)和LIP 2 d组(LIP后2 d行脑缺血).重复夹闭大鼠双侧股动脉3次(每次10 min,间隔10 min)作为LIP,夹闭颈总动脉进行全脑缺血8 min后再灌注.硫堇染色观察海马CA1区组织学分级及锥体神经元密度以判断海马损伤程度.结果:脑缺血组海马CA1区锥体神经元损伤严重,与Control组比较,组织学分级明显升高,神经元密度明显降低(P<0.01).LIP 0 d组海马CA1区神经元损伤较脑缺血组明显减轻,组织学分级明显降低,神经元密度明显升高(P<0.01).而LIP 1 d组和LIP 2 d组大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞缺失较多,仍有明显的组织损伤.结论:LIP可减轻随后立即发生的脑缺血/再灌注损伤,但对间隔1 d后的脑缺血/再灌注损伤无显著对抗作用.     

Ectodermal Wnt/β-catenin signaling shapes the mouse face

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an essential component of multiple developmental processes. To investigate the role of this pathway in the ectoderm during facial morphogenesis, we generated conditional β-catenin mouse mutants using a novel ectoderm-specific Cre recombinase transgenic line. Our results demonstrate that ablating or stabilizing β-catenin in the embryonic ectoderm causes dramatic changes in facial morphology. There are accompanying alterations in the expression of Fgf8 and Shh, key molecules that establish a signaling center critical for facial patterning, the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ). These data indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling within the ectoderm is critical for facial development and further suggest that this pathway is an important mechanism for generating the diverse facial shapes of vertebrates during evolution.     

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路与癌症发生发展及其免疫治疗

经典的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与调控机体的多种生物学功能,包括干细胞自我更新,细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡以及胚胎早期发育和组织再生等,与癌症发生发展紧密相关.此外,该信号通路在胸腺T细胞的发育和分化过程中发挥重要作用,影响抗肿瘤免疫效应的多个环节.异常激活的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路可诱导恶性肿瘤的形成...